Sharing environmental information, sharing innovation

GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION AS BASIS FOR THE DIGITAL AGENDA

L Hvingel L Schroeder H S HansenL. Hvingel, L. Schroeder, H. S. HansenAalborg University, The SDI Research Group,

A lb D kAalborg, Denmark

no question about the importance of geographicalno question about the importance of geographicalinformation as a basis for eGOV …

CATION, 2012

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… but what about the awareness ???

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no question about the importance of geographical no question about the importance of geographical information as a basis for eGOV …

CATION, 2012

AND HIGHE

R ED

UC

CE, INNOVA

TIOIN A

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… but what about the awareness ???

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program for this presentationprogram for this presentationh f h h b hi l• the awareness of the coherence between geographicalinformation and e‐Government

EUROPE2020– EUROPE2020– The Digital Agenda– Empirical findings (Denmark‐Sweden)– Empirical findings (Denmark‐Sweden)– The Danish‐Government Strategy

• e‐Government and the need for geographicale Government and the need for geographicalinformation– A lot of the specific initiatives in The Digital Agenda have a 

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p g ggeographical component (without this being recognized)

• Added value !

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eGov and geographical dataeGov and geographical dataG (C B & A Di M i 2000)• eGov (C.Baum‐& A.Di Maio, 2000): 

””a continous optimization of service delivery, comstituency participation and governance by transforming internal and external relationships through technology, the 

d di ” ( )Internet and new media.” (B2B, B2C, G2C, G2B, G2G)e‐Governance: allows citizens direct participation of constituents in political activitiesgoing beyond government and includes e‐Democracy, e‐Voting and participatingpolitical activity online Most broadly the concept of e‐Governance will coverpolitical activity online. Most broadly the concept of e Governance will cover government, citizens´ participation, political parties and organizations, Parliament and Judiciary functions. 

• SDI (opengeospatial org)SDI (opengeospatial.org)Spatial Data Infrastructure is the “… collection of technologies, policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data.”

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• geographical (spatial) data (INSPIRE, 2007)”any data with a direct or indirect reference to a specific location or geographical area”

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the European level:• EUROPE2020EUROPE2020

EU's growth strategy for the coming decade.Three  cornerstonesSeven flagship initiatives  The Digital Agenda for Europe 

• The Digital Agenda for EUNo direct link to spatial data

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But several indirect links

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the European level:• EUROPE2020

• call for interoperability• climate change• reduction of energyEUROPE2020

EU's growth strategy for the coming decade.Three cornerstones

consumption• transportation efficiencyand mobilityG

Seven flagship initiatives  The Digital Agenda for Europe 

• eGovernmento empowermento seemless cross‐borderservices• The Digital Agenda for EU

No direct link to spatial data

serviceso eEnvironmentservices

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But several indirect links

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the local level:• SwedenSweden

User surveys from 1990‐2007

d l G SYear No respondents IT strategy Incl. GIS

1995 279 60 ?

1997 289 67 321997 289 67 32

2000 327 51 41

2003 613 ? 42

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2007 219 24 59

I, SW

EDEN

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the local level:• DenmarkDenmark

User surveys from 200951 pct. of the Danish municipalities have an IT‐strategy including GIS 45 pct. of the public Danish authorities have an IT‐strategy including GIS

• 60 pct. of the strategies are anchored at the management level

ERSITY

• 36 pct. of the strategies deal with standardisation issues• 44 pct. of the responders answer that the strategies are used actively 

as guidelines in the organisation RK/AALBO

RG UNIV

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as guidelines in the organisation• 32 pct. uses the strategy as a platform for future collaboration

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the local level:• DenmarkDenmark

User surveys from 200951 pct of the Danish municipalities have a IT‐strategy including GIS 

Examples/comments• Descriptions of how the municipality is a part of the common public solutions 

45 pct of the public Danish authorities have a IT‐strategy including GIS• 60 pct. of the strategies anchored in the management level

and INSPIRE.• One of the main objectives of the strategy is the usage of the public databases as the main data sources and not as duplicates.

ERSITY

• 36 pct. of the strategies deal with standardization issues• 44 pct. of the responders answers that the strategies are used actively 

as guidelines in the organization

• Similar layout in (distributed) maps.• Meta‐databases and policies about responsibility/ maintenance.• Service‐oriented architecture.O h i ( i i i ) d l i ( j ) RK

/AALBO

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as guidelines in the organization• 32 pct. uses the strategy as a platform for future collaboration

• Other strategies (communication strategies)  and new solutions (projects) are scanned in regard of possible geographical coherences in order to clarify where  the use of GIS can be of value.

OFO

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MAR

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political awareness ?political awareness ?t th l l l l

G UNIVER

SITY

at the local level:• Denmark

Another user survey from 2009 to all the IT‐executives in the municipalities

SCIENCE

, AALBO

RG

Another user survey from 2009 to all the IT executives in the municipalitiesFour main conclusion:1. the traditional channels have only to a limited degree been replaced in  regard of 

the municipal contact with the citizens( )

ENT OF PO

LITICA

L 2. self‐service systems (citizen‐centric) and the internal IT‐systems are only to some degree integrated, and the municipal IT‐systems are only to a minor degree integrated with other public authorities´ IT‐systems

3. cost‐benefit analysis of IT‐implementation is scarce

N ET AL, D

EPAR

TM

y p4. there is a limited interest for IT amongst politicians. Hence, in the pursue of 

enhanced digitalisation of the public sector, the municipals face challenges regarding:a) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization

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E AG

GER

 NIELSENa) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization, b) reorganising procedures and  c) cross‐organisational cooperation internally and externally in the 

municipal/municipalities and other public organizations.

HV JEP

political awareness ?political awareness ?t th l l l l

G UNIVER

SITY

at the local level:• Denmark

Another user surveys from 2009 to all the IT‐executives in the municipalities*

SCIENCE

, AALBO

RG

Another user surveys from 2009 to all the IT executives in the municipalitiesFive main conclusion:1. the traditional channels have only to a limited degree  been replaced in the 

municipal contact with the citizens( )

HIGH DEGREE SOME DEGREE LOW DEGREE NOT AT ALL

It‐department and leader(s) 91 7 2 0

ENT OF PO

LITICA

L 2. self‐service systems (citizen‐centric) and the internal it‐systems are only to some degree integrated, and the municipal it‐systems are only to a minor degree integrated with other public authorities´ it‐systems

3. cost‐benefit analysis of it is scarce

Administrative managers 35 42 22 1

City manager 30 51 15 4

N ET AL, D

EPAR

TM

y4. there is a limited interest for it amongst politicians. Hence, in the pursue of 

enhanced digitalization of the public sector, the municipals face challenges regarding:a) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization

Private consultans 9 35 35 21

Politicians 1 28 51 20

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E AG

GER

 NIELSENa) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization, b) reorganizing procedures and  c) cross‐organisational cooperation internally and externally in the 

municipal/municipalities and other public organizations.

Other municipals 0 7 42 51

Participation in the development of the it‐strategies (Geoforum Perspektiv 20, 2011)

HV JEP

political awareness ?t th l l l l

political awareness ?at the local level:• Denmark

Another user surveys from 2009 to all the IT‐executives in the municipalities* G UNIVER

SITY

Another user surveys from 2009 to all the IT executives in the municipalitiesFive main conclusion:1. the traditional channels have only to a limited degree  been replaced in the 

municipal contact with the citizens( )

SCIENCE

, AALBO

RGHIGH DEGREE SOME DEGREE LOW DEGREE NOT AT ALL

City manager 46 44 9 1

T 38 56 6 02. self‐service systems (citizen‐centric) and the internal it‐systems are only to some degree integrated, and the municipal it‐systems are only to a minor degree integrated with other public authorities´ it‐systems

3. cost‐benefit analysis of it is scarce ENT OF PO

LITICA

L Topmanagement 38 56 6 0

Employees, administration 6 52 41 1y

4. there is a limited interest for it amongst politicians. Hence, in the pursue of enhanced digitalization of the public sector, the municipals face challenges regarding:a) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization N ET AL, D

EPAR

TMPoliticians 4 41 47 8

Head of institution 3 46 46 4

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a) a need for a stronger focus on the internal organization, b) reorganizing procedures and  c) cross‐organisational cooperation internally and externally in the 

municipal/municipalities and other public organizations.The IT‐leaders perception of the interest for the digitalisation of the municipalorganisation (Geoforum Perspektiv 20, 2011) PP

E AG

GER

 NIELSENEmployees, institutions 1 20 60 15

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political awareness ?political awareness ?at the national level:• DenmarkDenmark

2001 2004 2007 2011

DIGITAL  INTERNAL DIGITALISATION AND

COMMON INFRASTRUCTURE AND

THE DIGITAL PATH TO FUTURE TI

ON, 2011

COOPERATION DIGITALISATION AND EFFECTIVE PAYMENTS

INFRASTRUCTURE AND ONE ENTRANCE

PATH TO  FUTURE WELLFARE

ExamplesSingle sign‐onD 1

Examplese‐Invoice and EasyAccount

ExamplesBorger.dk, New single sign‐on e‐Income

ExamplesDigital post to citizens and companies N

D HIGHE

R ED

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eDay1Citizens can send mails to the public sector and internal public digital communication

EasyAccountvirk.dk and sundhed.dkESDHeDay2S il (i t l

sign‐on,e‐Income, Digital Post and EasySmsPublic Business.casemodel

companiesSelf‐service (citizens and companies)New digital wellfare: schools and wellfare E,

 INNOVA

TION AN

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communication Secure e‐mail (internalcommunication) eDay3

Common infrastructuretechnologiesRe‐use of data and enhanced cooperationeDay4

NISTR

Y OF SCIENCE

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political awareness ?political awareness ?S G S OC SLEVEL STRATEGIES FOCUS

1. GROWTH STRATEGY2. DIGITALISATION 

1. DIGITALISATION2. eGOVERNMENT

EU STRATEGY

DENMARK

1. GROWTH STRATEGY2. DIGITALISATION 

STRATEGY

1. DIGITALISATION/eGOVERNMENT

2. eGOVERNMENT/  basedata (spatial data)

1. IT‐STRATEGIES 1. …

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1. IT STRATEGIES2. GIS‐STRATEGIES

1. …2. …

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political awareness ?political awareness ?LEVELGROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATALEVEL

EU

GROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATA

EU

DENMARK

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political awareness ?political awareness ?LEVELGROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATALEVEL

EU

GROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATA

EU

DENMARK

Level of spatial data user and expertise in society (Enemark, S., Abbas, R. (2011) Geoforum

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12MUNICIPALITYPerspektiv 20

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political awareness ?political awareness ?LEVELGROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATALEVEL

EU

GROWTH AND eGOVERNMENT SPATIAL DATA

EU

DENMARKSDI (INSPIRE)(INSPIRE)

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a growing political awarenessa growing political awarenessIn Leveraging e government at a time of financial and economic crisis (2010)In Leveraging e‐government at a time of financial and economic crisis (2010) 

by the United Nations• ”Funds committed to addressing the crisis often can be linked to a 

geographic area and citizens might well be interested in finding out howgeographic area, and citizens might well be interested in finding out how much money is directed to nearby places, and for what purposes. Governments are using geographic information systems to provide information in a more contextualized and attractive manner, while f l ’ h f h d d”facilitating users’ comprehension of the data conveyed”.

• Forty percent of the websites identified present geo‐referenced information.

l i l i i i i i• GIS can play an important role in assisting government agencies in tracking and monitoring. This system enables an effective use of geographic information, designed for the collection, storage and analysis of objects where geographic location is critical to the analysis It aids users

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of objects, where geographic location is critical to the analysis. It aids users in organizing the data about problems, understanding their spatial relationship associations, and analyzing and synthesizing information about them.

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TOP‐DOWN BUTTOM‐UP

Digital habitats

Communities of practice

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By Etienne Wenger

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added value !added value !

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION 

The SDI Research GroupAalborg University 

Line Hvingel, Lise Schrøder, 

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g , ø ,Henning Sten Hansen

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