geographical information system
DESCRIPTION
Explained in simple words..!!TRANSCRIPT
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Geographical Information System
By;Gautham.K
Soundarya.RNitesh.B.M
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Contents
• Introduction.• History of GIS.• What is GIS?• Applications of GIS.• Technologies used.• Future Scope of GIS.
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Introduction
• A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of Geographical Data.
• It makes use of the technologies of Cartography, Statistical Analysis, and Database technology.
• GIS in simple terms can be described as an application that contains information of various places of a specific town or an area pertaining to a kind in the form of information handling.
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History of GIS
When we come across a topic called civilizations, we get to know that the people then were equally good at planning things , they used to make road maps and paintings or any other type of artwork that consisted at least a small information based on the geography . It can be granaries, entertainment spots or any other place, we can just say GIS is as old as history……!
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GIS : A Definition
A Basic definition of GIS; A system for capturing, storing,
checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth. This is normally considered to involve a spatially referenced computer database and appropriate applications software.
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What makes GIS so special?
• GIS handles SPATIAL information– Information referenced by its location in space.
• GIS makes connections between activities based on spatial proximity.
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An Evidence to show GIS is quite old
London cholera epidemic 1854
As per their mapping the red spots were the infected spots and places of death , the dots indicate the water wells.
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Background for modern GIS
This technology has developed from:• Digital cartography and CAD• Data Base Management Systems
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DigitalMapping
Photo-grammetry
ComputerAided
Design
Surveying
RemoteSensing
Databases
GIS
Cross-disciplinary nature of GIS
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Types of GIS’s
• Four-dimensional GIS : Four-dimensional GIS are designed for three dimensions of space and one of time.
• Multimedia/Hypermedia GIS : Multimedia/Hypermedia GIS allow the user to access a wide range of geo referenced multimedia data (e.g., simulations, sounds and videos) by selecting resources from a geo referenced image map base.
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Types of GIS’s contd
• Web GIS : Widespread access to the Internet, the ubiquity of browsers and the explosion of commoditized geographic information has made it possible to develop new forms of multimedia geo-representations on the Web.
• Virtual Reality GIS : Virtual Reality GIS have been developed to allow the creation, manipulation and exploration of geo-referenced virtual environments, e.g., using VRML modeling(Virtual Reality Modeling Language) and various other soft wares.
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What makes data spatial?
Place nameGrid co-ordinate
Postcode
Distance & bearingDescription
Latitude / Longitude
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Spatial Data: examples
• Socio-economic data– Regional health data– Consumer / lifestyle profiles– Geodemographics
• Environmental data– Topographic data– Thematic data, soils, geology
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Techniques that are used
• Data Accumulation : Accumulating the data regarding the geography is the main technique or a function to be more precise .
• Data Modeling : The processing of the data that is accumulated into the order of its existence and the location
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GIS Applications
• Facilities Management• Marketing and Retailing• Environmental• Transport/Vehicle Routing• Health• Insurance
and many more . . .
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The benefits of GIS include:
• Better information management
• Higher quality analysis
• Ability to carry out “what if?” scenarios
• Improve project efficiency
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Future Scope of GIS
• An active GIS market has resulted in lower costs and continual improvements in the hardware and software components of GIS.
• It is quite likely that the future GIS systems will include the additional dimension of time, giving researchers the ability to examine the variations in Earth processes over days, months and years.
• The GIS of the future will also be more user friendly and accessible to the common man.
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Conclusion
GIS has proved to be a really useful application, its evolution with the changing times has been totally progressive . With the changes in the latest hardware's and the software's GIS will be used for the best of its purposes…!
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Thank You for spending time on our
Presentation…!!