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GEOGRAPHY-12Mock Test Paper Answers

1. Profitability of mining depends on: (i) Physical factors (ii) Economic factors

OR The two major types of settlements according to their shape found in the world are: (i) Compact or Nucleated settlements (ii) Dispersed settlements 2. Highest road Density in world - Monaco (3850 km of road per 100 km2 area) 3. Garrison Town - Ambala, Jalandhar, Mhow, Babina, Udhampur (Any two) 4. It is not easy to lay railway lines in vast desert sands. Further, railways are built to secure large

populations. Since West Asia has a sparse population, other modes of transport are more suitable. These are the main reasons that West Asia has least developed in rail facilities.

5. The intensive irrigation and excessive use of water has led to the emergence of twin environmental problems of water logging and soil salinity in the Indira Gandhi Canal Command Area.

6. Classification of minerals on the basis of chemical and physical properties are: (i) Metallic (ii) Non-metallic

OR Rainfed farming is further classified on the basis of adequacy of soil moisture during cropping

season into dryland and wetland farming. 7. Improvement in quality of water – (i) Judicious use of water (ii) Creating awareness about importance of water (Any one point to be mentioned) 8. The Kokan Railway was constructed in 1998, and considered as an engineering marvel. The

three features are: (i) It is 760 km long rail route connecting Roha in Maharashtra to Mangalore (Mangaluru)

in Karnataka. (ii) It crosses 146 revise, streams, nearly 2000 bridges and 91 tunnels. (iii) Asia’s largest tunnel which is nearly 6.5 km long, also lies on this route. The states of

Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka are partners in this undertaking. 9. Characteristics of chain stores: (i) Chain stores are able to purchase merchandise most economically to their specification. (ii) They often direct the manufacturers. (iii) They employ highly skilled specialists. (iv) They have the ability to experiment in one store and apply the results to many. 10. (a) The Panama canal (b) Four features of Panama canal are: (i) This canal connects the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. (ii) The canal is about 72 km long and involves a very deep cutting for a length of 12 km.

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(iii) It has a six-lock system and ship cross the different levels through these locks before entering the Gulf of Panama.

(iv) It shortens the distance between New York and San Francisco by 13,000 km by sea. 11. It is true that there is no consensus on what exactly defines a village or town because different

countries have different parameters as – (i) Population size (ii) Occupational structure (iii) Administration (iv) Location (v) Functions of Urban Centres 12. Humanisation of nature - (i) The people begin to understand their environment and the forces of nature with the passage

of time. (ii) With social and cultural development, humans develop better and more efficient

technology. (iii) Humans move from a state of necessity to a state of freedom. (iv) They create possibilities with the resources obtained from the environment. (v) The human activities create cultural landscape. (vi) The imprints of human activities are health resorts, huge urban sprawls, fields, orchards

and pastures in plains and rolling hills, ports on the coasts and satellites in the space. (Any three points to be mentioned) OR The values that can help in maintaining the Quality of water: (i) Judicious/optimum use of water (ii) Controlling population (iii) Recycle and Reuse of water (iv) Watershed Management (v) Rain water harvesting (vi) Rules and regulations 13. (a) Bhilai Steel Plant State–Chhattisgarh (b) Main source of power of Bhilai Steel Plant is Korba Thermal Power Station. Rail route that provides transport facilities is Kolkata–Mumbai Rail Route (c) Major sources of iron-ore is Dalli Rajhara Hills Water source–Tandula Tank 14. Major objectives of the New Industrial Policy 1991 :- (i) To build on the gains already made (ii) Correct the distortions or weakness that have crept in (iii) Maintain a sustained growth in productivity (iv) Gainful employment and attain international competitiveness Role of Globalisation inachieving the New Industrial Policy’s objectives: (i) Opening of the economy to foreign direct investment (FDI) by providing facilities to

foreign companies to invest in different fields of economics activities in India. (ii) Allowing Indian companies to a enter into foreign collaboration in India and also

encouraging them to setup joint-ventures abroad. (iii) Instead of a set of export incentives, opting for exchange rate adjustments for promoting

export. 15. The size of the territory and per capita income are not directly related to human development. Often smaller countries have done better than larger ones in human development. Similarly,

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relatively poorer nations have been ranked higher than richer neighbours in terms of human development.

For example Sri Lanka, Trinidad and Tobago have a higher rank than India in the human development index despite having smaller economies. Similarly, within India, Kerala performs much better than Punjab and Gujarat in human development despite having lower per capita income.

OR (i) Nomadic herding or pastoral nomadism is a primitive subsistence activity, in which the

herders rely on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. (ii) They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending on the amount

and quality of pastures and water. (iii) Each nomadic community occupies a well-identified territory as a matter of tradition. (iv) Movement in search of pastures is undertaken either over vast horizontal distances or

vertically from one elevation to another in the mountainous regions. (v) They migrate from plain areas to pastures on mountains during summer and again from

mountain pastures to plain areas during winters. 16. Migration is a response to the uneven distribution of opportunities over space because: (i) People move from place of low opportunity and low safety. This, in turn, creates both

benefits and problems for the areas, people migrate from and migrate to. (ii) Consequences can be observed in economic, social, cultural, political and demographic

terms. Economic Consequences: (i) A major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants. (ii) Remittances from the international migrants are one of the major sources of foreign

exchange. (iii) Punjab, Kerala and Tamil Nadu receive very significant amount from their international

migrants. (iv) The amount of remittances sent by the internal migrants is very meager as compared to

international migrants (v) Internal Migrants play an important role in the growth of economy of the source area. (Any three points)

OR The large scale industries maximise profits by reducing costs. Therefore, industries should be

located at points where the production costs are minimum. The four factors which influence the industrial locations are as under: (i) Access to market: Market means people who have a demand for manufactured goods and

also have the purchasing power to be able to purchase from the sellers at a place. Therefore, the existence of a market for manufactured goods, is the most important factor for location of industries. For example–the densely populated regions of South and Southeast Asia provide large market.

(ii) Access to Raw Material: Raw material used by industries should be cheap and easy to transport. Industries based on cheap, bulky and weight-losing material (ores) are located close to the source of raw material such as steel, sugar, and cement industries. Perishability is a vital factor for the industry to be located nearer to the source of the raw material.

(iii) Access to Source of Energy: Industries which use more power are located close to the source of energy supply such as the aluminum industry.

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(iv) Access to Labour Supply: Labour supply is an important factor in the location of industries. Some types of manufacturing still require skilled labour. Increasing mechanisation, automation and flexibility of industrial processes have reduced the dependence of industry upon the labours.

17. International trade as a basis of World Economy: (i) Specialisation in production. (ii) It is based on the comparative advantage (iii) Complementarity and Transferability of goods and services. (iv) Formation of Foreign Policy on the basis of International Trade

OR The Mumbai–Pune industrial region extends from Mumbai-Thane to Pune and in adjoining

districts of Nashik and Solapur. Following five factors that responsible for the development of Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region

are: (i) These regions have been rapid industrial development in Kolaba, Ahmednagar, Satara,

Sangli and Jalgaon districts of Maharashtra. (ii) Location of cotton textile industry in Mumbai. (iii) Hydro-electricity was developed in the Western Ghat region to meet the requirements of

these industry. (iv) Opening of the Mumbai High petroleum field and erection of nuclear energy plants. (v) Besides, engineering goods, chemical industry, petroleum refining, leather, synthetic and

plastic goods, drugs, fertilisers, electrical, ship-building, electronics, software, transport equipment and food industries also developed.

18. Five measures adopted to solve the problems of Indian agriculture and increase food grains production by:

(i) Intensification of cropping over cultivated land. (ii) Increase cultivated area wherever possible. (iii) To use HYV seeds. (iv) Easy availability of fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides. (v) Expansion of irrigation facilities. (vi) Use modern agricultural technology. 19. Classification of intensive subsistence agriculture :- (i) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation. (ii) Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy. Difference:

Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by wet paddy cultivation.(i) Dominance of the rice crop.(ii) Farmers work with the help of family labour leading to intensive use of land.(iii) The yield per unit area is high.(iv) Per labour productivity is low.

Intensive subsistence agriculture dominated by crops other than paddy.(i) Due to difference in relief, climate soil and other geographical factors it is not practical to grow paddy in many parts of monsoon Asia.(ii) Not used manual labour.(iii) The yield per unit area is not high.(iv) Per labour productivity is high.

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20. Classification of means of communication on the basis of scale and quality: (i) Personal Communication (ii) Mass Communication Characteristics: (i) Personal Communication System: (a) It is the most effective and advanced one and widely used in urban areas. (b) It enables the user to establish direct connect through Email to get access to world of

knowledge and information. (c) It is used for e—commerce and carrying out money transaction. (d) It is a huge central warehouse of data, with detailed information on various items.

(Letters, Telephone, Fax, Email, Internet, etc). (ii) Mass Communication System: (a) Radio broadcasting started in India in 1923 by the Radio Club of Bombay and changed

the socio–cultural life of people. (b) Television broadcasting emerged as the most effective-audio-visual medium for

information and educating masses. (c) Use of satellite and synoptic view of larger area for economic and strategic reasons.

(Radio, Television, Cinema, Satellite, News Paper, Magazine and Books, Seminar and Conference, etc).

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Brazil

Cape TownSydney

VenezuelaC

E

London

A

DB

A. Brazil B. Sydney C. Venezuela D. Cape Town E. London

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22.

(f)

(c)

(h)

(g)

(e)

(d)

(b)

(a)

(a) Bihar (b) West Bengal (c) Gandhi Nagar (d) Talcher (e) Chennai (f) Guru Gobind Sing Refinery, Bhatinda (g) Kerala (h) Mumbai qqq