geography 40304h (specification a) h - revision world · june 2010. geography 40304h (specification...
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General Certificate of Secondary EducationHigher TierJune 2010
Geography 40304H(Specification A)Short Course HMonday 14 June 2010 9.00 am to 10.00 am
For this paper you must have:• the colour insert.You may use a calculator.
Time allowed• 1 hour
Instructions• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Use pencil only for drawing.• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.• Answer Two questions: one question from Section A and one question
from Section B.• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.• Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
Information• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.• The maximum mark for this paper is 50.• You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate.
Advice• Where appropriate, credit will be given for the use of diagrams to
illustrate answers and where reference is made to your personal investigative work. You are advised to allocate your time carefully.
Centre Number Candidate Number
Surname
Other Names
Candidate Signature
40304HM/40304H 6/6/6/6/(JUN1040304H01)
For Examiner’s Use
Examiner’s Initials
Question Mark
1
2
3
4
5
6
TOTAL
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Section A
Answer oNE question in this section.
Use case studies to support your answers where appropriate.
1 The Restless Earth Total for this question: 25 marks
1 (a) Study Figure 1 which shows the earth’s tectonic plates and the places where earthquakes occur worldwide.
Figure 1
Eurasian PlateNorth American Plate Eurasian Plate
African Plate
Pacific Plate
NazcaPlate
ArabianPlate
SouthAmerican
Plate
Antarctic Plate
Indo-Australian Plate
Earthquakes Plate boundary Direction of plate movementKey:
1 (a) (i) Describe the distribution of earthquakes.
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1 (a) (ii) Draw a labelled diagram(s) to explain why earthquakes occur at conservative plate boundaries.
(4 marks)
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1 (b) Study Figure 2, on the insert, a 1:50 000 Ordnance Survey map extract of Market Rasen, Lincolnshire. An earthquake struck Market Rasen on 27 February 2008. Figure 3 is a sketch map drawn from Figure 2b.
Figure 3
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09 10 11 12 13 14
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Linwood
Legsby
Walesby
Railway line Railway stationMain road (selected)Minor road (selected)
Settlement
EpicentreDamage to Legsby Church
Damage to chimneys and houses
XY
Key
Z0 1 km
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1 (b) (i) The epicentre of the earthquake was 4 km north of the railway station in Market Rasen. On Figure 3, mark the position of the epicentre with the letter X.
(2 marks)
1 (b) (ii) Damage was reported to Legsby parish church in grid square 1385 and to chimneys or houses at grid reference 108892.
On Figure 3, draw two arrows to show where this damage occurred. Label these arrows with the correct letters Y and Z from the key.
(3 marks)
1 (b) (iii) The earthquake measured 5.2 on the Richter Scale. With the help of Figure 2 and your own knowledge, explain why the damage was
limited.
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1 (c) Use a case study to describe the responses to a tsunami.
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2 water on the Land Total for this question: 25 marks
2 (a) Study Figure 4 which shows a long profile and cross profiles of a typical river.
Figure 4
Height(m)
Source Mouth Sea
Describe how the cross profile changes downstream.
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2 (b) (i) Study Figure 5, on the insert, a photograph of a waterfall in the Glens of Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Figure 5.
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2 (b) (ii) Draw a labelled diagram(s) to explain the formation of a waterfall.
(4 marks)
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2 (c) Study Figures 6a and 6b which are hydrographs for two different streams in North Yorkshire after the same storm.
A hydrograph shows the link between rainfall and discharge in a river.
Figure 6a Figure 6b
00 4 8 12 16 20
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
Austwick Beck
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5
10
15
20
25
00 4 8 12 16 20
Time (hours from start of rainstorm)
Clapham Beck
242 6 10 14 18 22
5
10
15
20
25
Rainfall (mm) Discharge (cumecs)Key
2 (c) (i) Contrast the hydrograph for Austwick Beck with that for Clapham Beck.
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2 (c) (ii) Suggest why the two hydrographs are different.
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2 (d) Explain how the demand for water is met within the UK.
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3 The Coastal Zone Total for this question: 25 marks
3 (a) Mass movement is a process affecting the coastal zone. Describe this process.
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3 (b) (i) Study Figure 7, on the insert, which shows the coastal zone of Antrim, Northern Ireland.
Figure 8 is a black and white copy of Figure 7. On Figure 8, mark with an arrow and label three landforms shown on this coast.
Figure 8
(3 marks)
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3 (b) (ii) Explain the formation of landforms shown in the rectangle marked X on Figure 7.
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3 (c) (i) Explain why sea level is expected to rise.
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3 (c) (ii) Use a case study to describe economic effects of coastal flooding.
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3 (d) Study Figure 9 which shows hard and soft engineering strategies used to protect the coast at Lyme Regis, a town in Dorset.
Figure 9
Explain why coastal areas such as Lyme Regis use both hard and soft engineering strategies.
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End of Section A
Turn over for Section B
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Section B
Answer oNE question in this section.
Use case studies where appropriate in your answers.
4 Changing Urban Environments Total for this question: 25 marks
4 (a) Study Figure 10 which shows how the world’s urban population may change between 1997 and 2030.
Figure 10
2030(estimated)
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3
Oceania4
5
6
1997
Urbanpopulation(billions)
EuropeMostly
richworld
Key
North America
Latin Americaand CaribbeanAsia
Mostlypoorworld
Africa
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4 (a) Describe how the world’s urban population may change between 1997 and 2030. ............................................................................................................................................
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4 (b) (i) Study Figure 11, on the insert, which shows three photographs of an inner city area. Give three problems suggested by these photographs.
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4 (b) (ii) Describe how the UK government has tried to improve inner cities since the 1990s.
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4 (c) Study Figure 12, which shows squatter settlements in Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia.
Figure 12
4 (c) (i) Suggest reasons for the location of the squatter settlements shown in Figure 12.
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4 (c) (ii) Describe how the location of the squatter settlements may affect the people living there.
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4 (c) (iii) Many inhabitants of squatter settlements work in the informal sector. Describe this informal sector.
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5 Changing Rural Environments Total for this question: 25 marks
5 (a) Study Figure 13 which shows the village of Wilmington in Kent in 1940 and the present day.
Figure 13
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5 (a) (i) Describe changes to the village between 1940 and the present day.
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5 (a) (ii) Explain why villages such as Wilmington have grown.
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5 (b) Government initiatives try to make living in the countryside more sustainable.
Describe how one named government initiative has tried to make living in the countryside more sustainable.
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5 (c) (i) Give one reason why many subsistence farmers in tropical areas remain poor.
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5 (c) (ii) A subsistence farmer in a tropical area may change to cash crop cultivation. Describe the possible disadvantages of this change.
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5 (c) (iii) Explain how the development of forestry and mining in tropical areas affects traditional farming.
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6 Tourism Total for this question: 25 marks
6 (a) Study Figure 14 which shows the countries that were the top ten earners from tourism in 2007.
Figure 14
North A
merica
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
International top earners from tourism
Billionsof pounds
(£)
Spain
France Ita
lyChin
a UK
German
y
Austra
lasia
Austria
Turke
y
KeyNorth AmericaAsiaAustralasiaEurope
6 (a) (i) What does Figure 14 show about the top ten earners from tourism?
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6 (a) (ii) Explain how external factors such as terrorist actions can affect the amount of money the UK earns from tourism.
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6 (b) Study Figure 15 which shows how a tourist area may change over lime.
Figure 15
Stage 1Exploration
Stage 2Development
and consolidation
Stage 3Stagnation
Stage 4Decline
Growthrate
Time
6 (b) The following is a list of features of the different stages shown in Figure 15.
A Water supply cannot meet the needs of so many touristsB Very few touristsC Introduction of the Blue Flag guide for beach qualityd Decline in traditional occupations such as farming and fishingE Clean, unspoilt beaches and villagesF Number of tourists decreases because people go to different placesG Increasing traffic noise and problems of crime and vandalismH Building of many hotels, bars and cafés
Complete the table below by writing the letter of the feature in the correct box. You should only use each letter once. Four have been done for you.
Stage 1Exploration
Stage 2development and
consolidation
Stage 3Stagnation
Stage 4decline
B d A C
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6 (c) Explain why it is important for the tourist industry in either a National Park or a coastal resort in the UK to be successful.
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6 (d) Study Figure 16 which shows some information about tourism on the island of Barbados.
Figure 16
Prevailing winds
Prevailing winds
Speightstown
Bridgetown
N
0 5 km
BarbadosKey
Main bathing beachesRoads
Airport
Main settlements
Zones set aside as newtourist areas
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6 (d) (i) Suggest reasons for the location of the new tourist areas shown in Figure 16.
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6 (d) (ii) Describe the disadvantages of large numbers of tourists visiting a tropical tourist area such as Barbados.
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Figure 1: (Tectonic Plate data) Understanding GCSE Geography Teachers Resource Pack by A Bowen and J Pallister. Reprinted by Permission of Pearson Publishers Ltd. (Earthquake data) Reprinted by permission of the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1969.Figures 6a and 6b: BoB Hordern, Rivers & Coasts, 2006. Reproduced by permission of Philip Allan Updates.Figure 9: J widdowson, J smitH, and r Knill, GCSE Geography in Focus (2001), John Murray (Publishers) Ltd.Figure 12: Settlement (1990), simon ross, Longman Co-ordinated Geography.Figure 13: Reproduced with the permission of Nelson Thornes Ltd. from GeoActive, first published in June 2000.Figure 14: UNWTO World Tourism Barometer 2008, Vol. 6, No 2.Figure 16:
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