geography a-z vertical edited

Trilliummontessori.org

GeographyA-Z

Trillium Montessori

Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the air surrounding our

planet. It is made of a mixture of gasses

and water vapor, held in place by gravity.

People who study the atmosphere are called meteorologists. The atmosphere regulates

the temperature on Earth by absorbing some

of the heat from the sun.


Biome

A biome is a large ecosystem where plants,

animals, people, and other lifeforms live in a

certain type of climate. The creatures that

live in a biome are particularly suited to live there, sometimes with wild adaptations!

Some common biomes include: desert,

rainforest, tundra, grassland, and deciduous

forest.Trilliummontessori.org

Continent

A continent is a large area of land on the

Earth’s surface. The Earth currently has 7

continents: North America, South America,

Africa, Europe, Asia, Antarctica and Austrasia or Oceania. Continents can also

include islands surrounding the larger area

of land.


Desert

A desert is a dry biome, receiving less than

10 inches of rainfall a year. Some deserts

are very hot during the day and cold at

night, and some are cold all the time. It is hard to live in the desert, but many plants,

animals, and people do!


Expedition

An expedition is a journey made by a group

of people who set out to explore and

discover a new place. Throughout history,

humans have been curious and wanted to explore the earth. This requires courage as

well as years of preparation. We are still

sending expeditions today!


“Fall”

Fall, also known as Autumn, is one of four

seasons. In many countries, fall is the time a

new school year starts and crops are

harvested. In the temperate forest, the leaves on the trees change color and then

fall off. When it is autumn in the Northern

Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern

Hemisphere.


Globe

A globe is a picture of a planet’s surface

drawn on a sphere. Most globes are drawn

to scale, creating a small model of the

planet. Earth globes can show physical features like mountains, rivers, and forest

or political countries.


Hurricane

A hurricane is a type of storm that forms

in the Atlantic basin (including the

Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico). The

season for hurricanes is from June to November. A hurricane is a giant spiral of

clouds, rain, and wind that can bring severe

damage to anything in its’ path.


Isthmus

An isthmus is a narrow strip of land joining

two larger bodies of land. There is water

on either side of the isthmus. Sometimes,

an isthmus is called a “land bridge”


Jungle

The jungle is a tropical forest biome, also

called a rainforest. The daytime

temperature is hot and humid. Jungles

receive many feet of rain a year. So many things live in the jungle, that it is difficult

to walk through!


Kettle

A kettle is a hole in the ground formed by

melting glacier ice. Most kettles are circular

in shape, and can become filled with water,

resulting in a kettle lake. Some kettles are as wide as 8 miles across!


Lake

A lake is a large body of water that is

surrounded by land. Most lakes are fresh

water, but a few are salty! Lakes have

still water, but it is common that rivers flow into or out of them. Some lakes are

humanmade to produce electricity or use for

farming and drinking water.


Mountain

Mountains are where the earth is pushed

up, creating tall mounds. A mountain range

is a large group of mountains in the same

place. The summit is the highest point on a mountain that a human can climb to. As you

climb up a mountain, it gets colder,

sometimes cold enough for snow!


Northern Lights

The northern lights are auroras found

around the Arctic, a large flickering light in

the sky caused by the sun’s radiation. They

come in red, green and occasionally blue, and can only be seen at night. The northern

lights are called aurora borealis. The

southern lights are called aurora australis.


Ocean

An ocean is a large body of salty water

between continents. Oceans cover 70% of

the Earth’s surface and are home to many

plants, animals, and other organisms. The ocean is pulled by the moon’s gravity and

creates tides as the Earth rotates. The

ocean surface has waves created by wind.


Pollution

Pollution is when things are added to the

environment that are harmful to the plants,

animals, and other lifeforms that live there.

Pollution can be in the air, water, or land. Much of the plastic we use ends up as

microscopic pollution in the ocean water.


Quartz

Quartz is a very common type of mineral,

often embedded in rocks. Purple quartz is

called Amethyst and is a gemstone. Sand is

often full of tiny quartz pieces. We use quartz to make digital screens and glass.


River

A river is a large flowing body of water.

Rivers begin high in the mountains as small

streams and get bigger on their way

downstream. Many people live near rivers for fresh water to drink, cook, bathe, and

grow food. Some rivers flow underground!


South Pole

The South Pole is the southernmost point

on the Earth, on the continent of

Antarctica. You can tell you are at a Pole

because the stars will never dip below the horizon. The South Pole is very hard to

get to, it’s over 1,000 miles inland over

mountains, glaciers, and ice.


Tundra

The tundra is a biome with cold

temperatures, few trees, and mostly frozen

water. The plants that grow here are

grass, lichens, and moss. The tundra is a challenging place to live. Some animals

hibernate or grow thick white fur to

survive.


Urban

An urban area is where many people live,

work, and play. The buildings are close

together, and there may be very little or no

natural landscape. Large urban areas are called cities, and smaller ones are called

towns. A large, connected urban area

(usually developed around a city) is called a

metropolitan area.Trilliummontessori.org

Volcano

A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust

where lava or hot ash comes out from deep

underground. When a volcano is erupting,

it is active. Otherwise it is dormant, or in some cases, extinct. Volcanoes are also

found on other planets.


Wetland

A wetland is an ecosystem with both water

and land, creating huge biodiversity of

plants, animals, and other lifeforms. Types

of wetlands include: bog, marsh, estuary, swamp, or bayou. Many wetlands are

protected.


Xenolith

A xenolith is a rock fragment surrounded by

another rock. This is most common in

igneous rock (from a volcano), when one

rock gets stuck in the magma flow, but can also happen in sedimentary rock. Scientists

study xenoliths to learn about the inside of

the Earth.


Yurt

A yurt is a kind of home or shelter built by

humans, and is a traditional shelter for some

people of central Asia. Yurts are portable

round tents with a domed roof, and traditionally made from wood and animals

skins or felt. Modern yurts may be built

permanently on a wooden platform, and

covered with canvas. Trilliummontessori.org

Zephyr

A zephyr is a nickname for a wind that

blows from the west to east, or “west

wind”. A zephyr is traditionally considered

the most favorable and gentle of the winds. The name “zephyr” comes from Greek

mythology.


atmosphere

atmosphereTrilliummontessori.org

atmosphereThe atmosphere is the air surrounding our planet. It is

made of a mixture of gasses and water vapor, held in place by gravity. People who study the

atmosphere are called meteorologists. The atmosphere regulates the temperature on

Earth by absorbing some of the heat from the sun.

This is the air surrounding our planet. It is made of a mixture of

gasses and water vapor, held in place by gravity. People who study this are called

meteorologists. It also regulates the temperature on Earth by absorbing some of the heat from

the sun.

atmosphere

biome

biome


biome

biome

A biome is a large ecosystem where plants, animals, people, and

other lifeforms live in a certain type of climate. The creatures that live in a biome are

particularly suited to live there, sometimes with wild adaptations! Some common biomes include:

desert, rainforest, tundra, grassland, and deciduous forest.

This is a large ecosystem where plants, animals, people, and other

lifeforms live in a certain type of climate. The creatures that live in this place are particularly suited

to live there, sometimes with wild adaptations! Some common ones include: desert, rainforest, tundra,

grassland, and deciduous forest.

continent

continent


continent

continent

A continent is a large area of land on the Earth’s surface. The

Earth currently has 7 continents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Antarctica

and Austrasia or Oceania. Continents can also include islands surrounding the larger

area of land.

This is a large area of land on the Earth’s surface. The Earth

currently has 7 of these: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Antarctica and

Austrasia or Oceania. This can also include islands surrounding the larger area of land.

desert

desert


desert

desert

A desert is a dry biome, receiving less than 10 inches of

rainfall a year. Some deserts are very hot during the day and cold at night, and some are cold

all the time. It is hard to live in the desert, but many plants, animals, and people do!

This is a dry biome, receiving less than 10 inches of rainfall a year.

Some of these are very hot during the day and cold at night, and some are cold all the time.

It is hard to live in this biome, but many plants, animals, and people do!

expedition

expedition


expedition

expedition

An expedition is a journey made by a group of people who set

out to explore and discover a new place. Throughout history, humans have been curious and

wanted to explore the earth. This requires courage as well as years of preparation. We are

still sending expeditions today!

This is a journey made by a group of people who set out to

explore and discover a new place. Throughout history, humans have been curious and wanted to

explore the earth. This requires courage as well as years of preparation. We are still

sending people on these journeys today!

fall

fall


fall

fall

Fall, also known as Autumn, is one of four seasons. In many

countries, fall is the time a new school year starts and crops are harvested. In the temperate

forest, the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. When it is autumn in the

Northern Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

This is also known as Autumn. It is one of four seasons. In many

countries, this is the time a new school year starts and crops are harvested. In the temperate forest,

the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. When it is this season in the Northern

Hemisphere, it is spring in the Southern Hemisphere.

globe

globe


globe

globe

A globe is a picture of a planet’s surface drawn on a sphere. Most

globes are drawn to scale, creating a small model of the planet. Earth globes can show

physical features like mountains, rivers, and forest or political countries.

This is a picture of a planet’s surface drawn on a sphere. Most

of these are drawn to scale, creating a small model of the planet. These models of the

Earth can show physical features like mountains, rivers, and forest or political countries.

hurricane

hurricane


hurricane

hurricane

A hurricane is a type of storm that forms in the Atlantic basin

(including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico). The season for hurricanes is from June to

November. A hurricane is a giant spiral of clouds, rain, and wind that can bring severe damage to

anything in its’ path.

This is a type of storm that forms in the Atlantic basin

(including the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico). The season for these storms is from June to

November. This storm is a giant spiral of clouds, rain, and wind that can bring severe damage to

anything in its’ path.

isthmus

isthmus


isthmus

isthmus

An isthmus is a narrow

strip of land joining two

larger bodies of land. There is water on either

side of the isthmus.

Sometimes, an isthmus is

called a “land bridge”.

This is a narrow strip of

land joining two larger

bodies of land. There is water on either side of this

feature. Sometimes, we call

this a “land bridge”.

jungle

jungle


jungle

jungle

The jungle is a tropical

forest biome, also called a

rainforest. The daytime temperature is hot and

humid. Jungles receive many

feet of rain a year. So

many things live in the

jungle, that it is difficult to

walk through!

This is a tropical forest

biome, also called a

rainforest. The daytime temperature is hot and humid.

This biome receives many

feet of rain a year. So many

things live here, it is

difficult to walk through!

kettle

kettle


kettle

kettle

A kettle is a hole in the

ground formed by melting

glacier ice. Most kettles are circular in shape, and can

become filled with water,

resulting in a kettle lake.

Some kettles are as wide as

8 miles across!

This is a hole in the ground

formed by melting glacier

ice. Most of these are circular in shape, and can

become filled with water,

resulting in a kettle lake.

Some of these are as wide

as 8 miles across!

lake

lake


lake

lake

A lake is a large body of water that is surrounded by land.

Most lakes are fresh water, but a few are salty! Lakes have still water, but it is common that

rivers flow into or out of them. Some lakes are humanmade to produce electricity or to use for

farming and drinking water.

This is a large body of water that is surrounded by land.

Most are fresh water, but a few are salty! These bodies of water have still water, but it is

common that rivers flow into or out of them. Some of these are humanmade to produce electricity

or to use for farming and drinking water.

mountain

mountain


mountain

mountain

Mountains are where the earth is pushed up, creating tall mounds.

A mountain range is a large group of mountains in the same place. The summit is the highest

point on a mountain that a human can climb to. As you climb up a mountain, it gets colder,

sometimes cold enough for snow!

This is where the earth is pushed up, creating a tall mound. A

mountain range is a large group of these in the same place. The summit is the highest point that a

human can climb to. As you climb up, it gets colder, sometimes cold enough for snow!

northern lights

northern lights


northern lights

northern lights

The northern lights are auroras found around the Arctic They

are large flickering lights in the sky caused by the sun’s radiation. They come in red, green and

occasionally blue, and can only be seen at night. The northern lights are called aurora borealis. The

southern lights are called aurora australis.

The are auroras found around the Arctic. They are large

flickering lights in the sky caused by the sun’s radiation. They come in red, green and occasionally

blue, and can only be seen at night. They are called aurora borealis. In the southern

hemisphere, similar lights are called aurora australis.

ocean

ocean


ocean

ocean

An ocean is a large body of salty water between continents.

Oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface and are home to many plants, animals, and other

organisms. The ocean is pulled by the moon’s gravity and creates tides as the Earth rotates. The

ocean surface has waves created by wind.

This is a large body of salty water between continents. It covers 70%

of the Earth’s surface and is home to many plants, animals, and other organisms. This water is pulled by

the moon’s gravity and creates tides as the Earth rotates. The surface of this body of water also

has waves created by wind.

pollution

pollution


pollution

pollution

Pollution is when things are added to the environment that

are harmful to the plants, animals, and other lifeforms that live there. Pollution can be in the

air, water, or land. Much of the plastic we use ends up as microscopic pollution in the ocean

water.

Ths is when things are added to the environment that are harmful

to the plants, animals, and other lifeforms that live there. You can find it in the air, water, or

land. Much of the plastic we use ends up as microscopic pieces in the ocean water, harming the

ecosystem..

quartz

quartz


quartz

quartz

Quartz is a very common type

of mineral, often embedded in

rocks. Purple quartz is called

Amethyst and is a gemstone.

Sand is often full of tiny

quartz pieces. We use

quartz to make digital screens

and glass.

This is a very common type

of mineral, often embedded in

rocks. Purple kinds are called

Amethyst and are gemstones.

Sand is often full of tiny

pieces of this mineral. We

use it to make digital screens

and glass.

river

river


river

river

A river is a large flowing

body of water. Rivers begin

high in the mountains as small

streams and get bigger on

their way downstream. Many

people live near rivers for

fresh water to drink, cook,

bathe, and grow food. Some

rivers flow underground!

This is a large flowing body

of water. It begins high in

the mountains as a small

stream and gets bigger on its

way downstream. Many people

live near this body of water

for fresh water to drink, cook,

bathe, and to grow food. Some

of these flow underground!

south pole

south pole


south pole

south pole

The south pole is the

southernmost point on the

Earth, in the continent of

Antarctica. You can tell you

are at a Pole because the

stars will never dip below the

horizon. The South Pole is

very hard to get to, it’s over

1,000 miles inland over


This is the southernmost point

on the Earth, in the continent

of Antarctica. You can tell

you are here because the

stars will never dip below the

horizon. This place is very

hard to get to, it’s over

1,000 miles inland over


tundra

tundra


tundra

tundra

The tundra is a biome with

cold temperatures, few trees,

and mostly frozen water. The

plants that grow here are

grass, lichens, and moss. The

tundra is a challenging place

to live. Some animals hibernate

or grow thick white fur to

survive.

This biome has cold

temperatures, few trees, and

mostly frozen water. The

plants that grow here are

grass, lichens, and moss. This

is a challenging place to live.

Some animals hibernate or

grow thick white fur to

survive.

urban

urban


urban

urban

An urban area is where many people live, work, and play. The

buildings are close together, and there may be very little or no natural landscape. Large urban

areas are called cities, and smaller ones are called towns. A large, connected urban area

(usually developed around a city) is called a metropolitan area.

This is an area is where many people live, work, and play. The

buildings are close together, and there may be very little or no natural landscape. Large areas

are called cities, and smaller ones are called towns. A large, connected area (usually developed

around a city) is called a metropolitan area.

volcano

volcano


volcano

volcano

A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust where lava or hot ash comes out from

deep underground. When a

volcano is erupting, it is

active. Otherwise it is dormant, or in some cases, extinct. Volcanoes are also

found on other planets.

This is an opening in the Earth’s crust where lava or hot ash

comes out from deep underground. When it is erupting, it is active. Otherwise it is dormant, or in

some cases, extinct. These are also found on other planets

wetland

wetland


wetland

wetland

A wetland is an ecosystem

with both water and land,

creating huge biodiversity of plants, animals, and other

lifeforms. Types of

wetlands include: bog,

marsh, estuary, swamp, or

bayou. Many wetlands are

protected.

This is an ecosystem with

both water and land,

creating huge biodiversity of plants, animals, and other

lifeforms. Types of these

include: bog, marsh, estuary,

swamp, or bayou. Many of

these are protected.

xenolith

xenolith


xenolith

xenolith

A xenolith is a rock fragment surrounded by another rock. This

is most common in igneous rock (from a volcano), when one rock gets stuck in the magma flow,

but can also happen in sedimentary rock. Scientists study xenoliths to learn about

the inside of the Earth.

This is a rock fragment surrounded by another rock. This

is most common in igneous rock (from a volcano), when one rock gets stuck in the magma flow,

but can also happen in sedimentary rock. Scientists study these to learn about the

inside of the Earth.

yurt

yurt


yurt

yurt

A yurt is a kind of home or shelter built by humans, and is a

traditional shelter for some people of central Asia. Yurts are portable round tents with a

domed roof, and traditionally made from wood and animals skins or felt. Modern yurts may be

built permanently on a wooden platform, and covered with canvas.

This is a kind of home or shelter built by humans and is a

traditional shelter for some people of central Asia. These are portable round tents with a

domed roof, and traditionally made from wood and animal skins or felt. Modern ones may be

built permanently on a wooden platform and covered with canvas.

zephyr

zephyr


zephyr

zephyr

A zephyr is a nickname for

a wind that blows from the

west to east, or “west wind”. A zephyr is

traditionally considered the

most favorable and gentle

of the winds. The name

“zephyr” comes from Greek

mythology.

This is a nickname for a wind

that blows from the west to

east, or “west wind”. This

wind is traditionally considered

the most favorable and gentle

of the winds. The name

comes from Greek mythology.

atmosphere

biomesTrilliummontessori.org

atmosphere

biomes

desert

continents

desert

continents


expedition


fall

expedition

fall

globe

hurricane

globe


hurricane

isthmus


jungle

isthmus

jungle

kettle

lakeTrilliummontessori.org

kettle

lake

mountain

northern lightsTrilliummontessori.org

mountain

northern lights

ocean

pollutionTrilliummontessori.org

ocean

pollution

quartz

riverTrilliummontessori.org

quartz

river

south pole

tundraTrilliummontessori.org

south pole

tundra

urban

volcanoTrilliummontessori.org

urban

volcano

wetland

xenolithTrilliummontessori.org

wetland

xenolith

yurt

zephyrTrilliummontessori.org

yurt

zephyr

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