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Page 1: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber
Page 2: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Geography – Rome

Page 3: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Geography - Rome

•Was built 15 miles inland•On the crest of 7 hills•East of Tiber River•Steep banks serves as natural protection•Tiber River cut through the Apennine Mountains in central Italy

Page 4: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Geography - Rome

Page 5: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Achievements – Rome

Rome

•Roads• Move army

around• Spread culture• Connect the

empire

Page 6: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Achievements - Rome

Aqueducts

•Get water to cities• Fountains• Public Baths• Everyday use

Page 7: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Achievements - Rome

Concrete Coliseum

Page 8: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Achievements - Rome

Bath Circus

Page 9: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics - Rome

Julius Caesar

•Was a famous war hero•Started a revolution when he marched with his troops into Rome•Restored order to Rome•Made dictator for life•Some (senators ) feared he was too ambitious or getting too powerful & assassinated him

Page 10: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics - Rome

Caesar Augustus

•Adopted son of Julius Caesar

•Massive building projects – restore pride in Rome

•Expanded Rome

•Started the Pax Romana

Page 11: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics - RomeNerva

Adopt next leaderTrajan

Lead Rome at height/roads & bridges to connect

Page 12: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics - Rome

HadrianWall & defense

Marcus AureliusPhilosopher

Page 13: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Economy - Rome

Expansion – Initially Strengthened

• Brought in riches

• Massive building projects

• Encouraged & necessitated inventions

• Aqueducts

• Concrete

• roads

• Spread culture

Page 14: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Economy - Rome

Expansion - Eventually

Weakened the Economy

•Expansion slowed down – no new riches•Raise taxes to pay for army•Slaves take jobs of working class – struggle to support family•Constant wars damaged farms & trade•Rich leave for country homes

Page 15: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Effects of Expansion in Rome

Beginning

Increased trade & brought in riches

Later

When expansion slowed down, they didn’t have the huge increase of riches Romans didn’t want to

serve so the Emperor had to rely on foreigners to fight

Foreigners not motivated to fight

Had to raise taxes to pay for the army to defend the Empire

Page 16: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Geography- Constantinople

• Connects Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea

• Better Trade• Close to Asia Minor

• Close to Europe

• Close to North Africa

• Easier to defend• Wall surround city

• Surrounded by water

• Moat

Page 17: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

One reason that the early Christian church survived was because of its organization.

Local leaders were Bishops

Bishops later controlled churches in certain areas

Page 18: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

•Bishops get authority based on Apostolic Succession

Page 19: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

•The Bishops of the five largest cities were called Patriarchs.

Page 20: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

Why did the Bishop of Rome think he should be the leader of the church?

Page 21: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion –

Page 22: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

Everyone believed that …

Jesus was the son of God Jesus was the savior

Page 23: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

What was the Great Schism or split?

Page 24: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Religion

Roman Catholic Church

Icons bring you closer to God

Head of church is the Pope

Leader of the church is the Pope (day to day operations)

Priests can’t marry

Rituals and ceremonies in Latin

Eastern Orthodox Church

Icons are a form of idol worship

Head of the Church is the Emperor

Leader of the Church is the Patriarch of Constantinople (day to day operations)

Priests can marry

Rituals and ceremonies in Greek

Page 25: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

AchievementsByzantine

Justinian’s Code

•Organized and preserved Roman law•Foundation for modern legal systems

Page 26: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

AchievementsByzantine

Hagia Sophia

•Dome 185 feet tall•Still standing

Page 27: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

AchievementsByzantine

Mosaic•A form of art where designs are made with small stones or glass

Page 28: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Achievements

Cyril & Methodius

•Brothers who gave up wealth to spread their religion in Eastern Europe

•Cyril created Cyrillic alphabet so Slavs could have a written language & a Bible

•Considered Apostles to the Slavs

Page 29: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics

Constantine

•Converted to Christianity

•Made Christianity legal

•Moved capital to Constantinople

•Wanted Constantinople to resemble Rome – start building projects

Page 30: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Politics

Justinian

•Worked his way up through army•Dream to restore Rome to the way it was – came close•Had lawyers organize Roman law – Justinian’s code – basis for some legal systems today•Had the Hagia Sophia built•Married to Theodora – smart and a performer

Page 31: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Economy

Constantinople

•Strong trade• Had good harbors• Close to Asia

Minor and Europe

Page 32: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Rise of the EmpiresRome

Expansion

Strong leaders Julius Caesar Cesar Augustus 5 Good Emperors

Strong trade/Economy

Achievements/Inventions Roads Aqueducts

Romans in the army are proud

Byzantine Expansion

Justinian restore Rome to glory

Cyril & Methodius

Strong leaders Constantine Justinian

Strong trade/Economy Close to Europe, Asia Minor,

and North Africa

Achievements/Inventions Haygia Sophia Justinian Code Mosaics

Strong Army

Page 33: Geography – Rome Geography - Rome Was built 15 miles inland On the crest of 7 hills East of Tiber River Steep banks serves as natural protection Tiber

Fall of Empires

Rome

Rich get richer and poor get poorer

Weak leaders

Weak army

Weak economy Constant war No increased trade or

riches Loss of pride in being a

Roman

People turned to the latifundia for food and water

Byzantine

Weak leaders

Weak army

Constant attacks from enemies Finally broke through

defenses (walls) Use of gunpowder for

weapons like cannons