geography year 9 - human settlements
TRANSCRIPT
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HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
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DEFINITIONA settlement, locality or populated place is a community in which people live.
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SIZEA settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas.
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ISOLATED DWELLINGSAn isolated dwelling would only have 1 or 2 buildings or families in it. It would have negligible services, if any.
Photo: Isolated dwelling (United Kingdom). Population 5 (Census 2006).
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HAMLETSA hamlet is a settlement with a tiny population (<100) and very few (if any) services, and few buildings.
Photo: Wardkirch Oberwil (Switzerland). Population 23 (Census 2006).
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VILLAGESA village generally does not have many services, possibly only a small corner shop or post office. A village has a population of 100 to 1,000.
Photo: Viscri village (Romania). Population 400 (Census 2011).
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TOWNSA town has a population of 1,000 to 20,000.
Photo: Town of Wangaratta (Australia). Population 17,677 (Census 2011).
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LARGE TOWNSA large town has a population of 20,000 to 100,000.
Photo: Large town of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria). Population 68,783 (Census 2011).
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CITIESA city would have abundant services, but not as many as a large city. The population of a city is over 100,000 people.
Photo: City of Tauranga (New Zealand). Population 124,600 (Census 2015).
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LARGE CITIESA large city is a city with a large population and many services. The population is more than one million people.
Photo: Large city of Johannesburg (South Africa). Population 4,434,827 (Census 2011).
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CONURBATIONSA conurbation (metropolitan area) is a super city consisting of multiple cities and towns. The population is usually several millions.
Photo: National Capital Region of Delhi (India). Population 47,000,000 (Census 2011).
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SITESite refers to the actual piece of ground on which the settlement is built. The site of a settlement is its exact location.
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SITE FACTORS1. Water supply - a clean supply of water was needed for drinking,
cooking and cleaning. Water could be taken from a river or a well.2. Relief - the area needed to be high enough to be safe from flooding,
but low enough to be sheltered from strong winds.3. Defence - a hilltop, or the inside of a river meander, would provide
protection from attackers.4. Transport - a site at a crossroads, on a river or at the coast gave
easier access to other settlements.5. Soil - deep fertile soil made it easier to farm crops and rear animals.6. Resources - a source of timber or rock was needed for building.
Wood was needed as a fuel for heat and cooking.
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SETTLEMENT FUNCTIONSThe functions of a settlement are the things that happen there. The function of most early settlements was farming. As settlements grew, the functions included markets and inns.
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RESIDENTIAL FUNCTIONThe main function of many settlements today is to give people places to live. People may live in one settlement and work in another.
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ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONThe local authority offices run the local services, such as road maintenance and waste disposal.
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INDUSTRIAL FUNCTIONGoods are manufactured in factories. Today many factories are located in business parks on the outskirts of settlements.
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COMMERCIAL FUNCTIONShopping centres and recreation facilities, such as sports centres and cinemas, provide services for people.
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SERVICES FUNCTIONSettlements contain public services, such as schools, hospitals and libraries.
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TOURISTIC FUNCTIONSome settlements are attractive to tourists. Many coastal settlements in Spain have changed from fishing villages into large tourist resorts.
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