geohazard flagship program collaborative partners usm, uniten, mmu, did, doe, mmd & jkr sea to...

GEOHAZARD FLAGSHIP PROGRAM

Collaborative Partners USM, UNITEN, MMU, DID, DOE, MMD & JKR

Sea To Space Cluster Meeting, MOSTI15th June, 2009

WHAT IS GEOHAZARD?• Incident that occurs in a sudden manner, complex in

nature, resulting in the loss of lives, damages to property or the environment as well as affecting the daily activities of local community.

• Such incident requires the handling of resources, equipment, frequency and extensive manpower from various agencies as well as effective coordination and the possibility of demanding complex actions over a long period of time.

Hillview Before Tragedy

Hillview After Tragedy

GEOHAZARD FLOODS

Too Much Water

Flood in Kota Tinggi - 2007

GEOHAZARD MANAGEMENT Geohazard management involves early warning, preparation,

prevention, response, recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.

In 1970s, Malaysia already have the Blue Print in managing flood

Through experiences, Malaysia are able to improve and extend the guideline on dealing with flood and other geohazard that has been encountered

An efficient and sound geohazard management mechanism was formulated

Responsible Agency: Crisis and Disaster Management Directorate, National Security Division (NSD), Prime Minister’s Department

• However, lacking in a coordinated and integrated geohazard management

• Especially on R&D• Utilization of expertise• Utilization of capital resources• Need an integrated and coordinated approach

INTEGRATED GEOHAZARD MANAGEMENT

OBJECTIVE• To explore collaboration opportunities with

the agencies involved with the S2S cluster• To learn existing initiatives in S2S cluster• To seek possibility of funding parts of the

project• To establish the Integrated Geohazard

Information System (IGIS)

GEOHAZARD PROGRAM

PHASE ICONCEPTUALISATION

GEOHAZARD PREDICTION & MONITORING

EO Data

In-situ Data (Cell phone pictures and

videos)

Digital Maps (DEM)

Disaster Surveillance

(Pre-Disaster Monitoring)

Disaster Analysis

(GeoHazard Map)

Models (Flood & Landslides)

Database Management (Input Data Knowledge)

Monitoring (Remote Sensing and GIS)

Publish

ing (W

eb, M

obile

Phones)

Input Data

System

Integrated Geohazard Information System

Objective: To establish a central system for collecting, storing, processing, analyzing, and disseminating value-added data and information to support the relevant agencies in the mitigation and relief activities of disaster management in the country

• Emphasizes on the utilization of remote sensing technologies, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies to provide up-to-date and reliable data to support the three components of disaster management, namely,

– (i) early warning, – (ii) detection and monitoring, and

_ (iii) mitigation and relief for pre, during and post disaster management activities (create resilient community).

GEOHAZARD

Geohazard Data Acquisition

Geohazard Integrated Modeling &

Generic Information

Geohazard Information Processing

Centre

Geohazard Centralized

Management Centre

Geohazard Management,

Policy and Guidelines for

Sustainable Development

A B C D E

• Rainfall Induced & Water Flow in Discontinuity

• Characterization of Rock Engineering Parameter &

Index• Geophysical tools to

identified material as hazard risk index

• Integrated Geohazard Survey using GPS & Geological Mapping

• Characterization of Soil Parameter& Stability

• Hydrologic & Hydraulic

• Erosion & Landslide

• Sedimentation• Land

Contamination & Water Pollution

• Infrastructure Failure

• Storm & Flood

GEOHAZARDINTELLIGENT MODEL FOR

GTD

1

ENVIRONMENT• Code of Practice (eg.

Slope Monitoring)• Management

Guideline (eg. EIA & EMP)

• Innovative Technologies (eg.GIS

and Visualization Modules)

SOCIAL

ECONOMIC

• INTELLIGENT EXPLANATION

FACILITIES (GeoHazard

Database Management

System)

• GIS andTelemetry• Real Time

• Sensor• Monitoring

INTEGRATED STRATEGY FOR GEOHAZARD DISASTER MITIGATION FOR GTDTo assess, monitor, predict and prevent natural hazards

PE 1 : ENVIRONMENT & HAZARD DATA

ACQUISITION

PE2 : ENVIRONMENT &

HAZARD INTEGRATED MODELING &

GENERIC INFORMATION

PE3: ENVIRONMENT & HAZARD MANAGEMENT, POLICY AND GUIDELINES

FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

PE4: ENVIRONMENT & HAZARD INFORMATION

PROCESSING CENTER

PE5: ENVIRONMENT &

HAZARD CENTRALIZED

MANAGEMENT CENTRE

PE1(a) : Characterization Of Rock Engineering Parameter and Index

PE1 (b): Rainfall Induced and Water Flow In

Discontinuity

PE1 (c): Environment Sensitive Area (ESA) Safe

and Intelligent Route Finder (ESASIRF) for Transmission

Line

PE1 (d): Development of Intelligent Soil Erosion

Prediction Model

PE1(e): Characterization of Soil Parameters and Slope Stability

PE2(a) Filtering Product

/Prototype for Land

Contamination

PE2(b) Land Erosion

PE2 (c): Sedimentation

Problem At Power Station

PE2(d): Integrated and Multidisciplinary Research on Flood Hazard Assessment

PE3(a) Emergency

Action Plan for Small and Large

Hydro Power Plant

PE3(b) : Development of concrete utilizing Fuel Ash From Power

Plant

PE3 (c): Dam Break Study Modeling & Dam

break Mechanism

PE3 (d): Hazard Management

Information Policy & Guidelines

PE4(a) GIS and Mulitcriteria Analysis For Land Suitability

Assessment : minimizing landslide hazards

PE4 (b): Hazard Management & Information Dissemination

PE4(c): GIS and Visualization Modules

PE4(d): Geohazard CMC – intelligent Explanation Facilities Geohazard

Database Mgmt System

PE5 (a): Centralized

Management Center For Geo-

hazard Monitoring

Project 1Development of GeoHazard

Assessment Model (GIS and Visualization)

Project 3Rainfall-Induced and

Water Flow in Discontinuity

ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY AND HAZARD RISK FREE: PROJECTTo enhance the environmental management and reduce the hazards

Project 2Characterization

of Rock Engineering Parameter

Project 4Characterizationof Soil Mechanics

Parameter

Rainfall Induced parameterImpact of Water Flow in Discontinuity

Project 5Geophysical tools to Identify Materials asHazard Risk Index

GeoHazard Model and Mechanism

Project 14Hazard Management Information

Policy and Guidelines

Project 8Erosion & Landslide

Rock Mass, Rock Slope failure & FOS, Rock Boulder Impact to Design

Soil Stability Profiles& Factor of Safety

Impact Level of Erosion

Assessment of Current ProceduresNew & Improved GuidelinesHazard Management and GuidelineImpact Assessment method

Geophysical ParametersIntegrated Landslide Model

Project 9Sedimentation

Project 10Land

Contamination & Water Pollution

Effect to Dam Simulation

Modules

Sensitivity Prediction

Project 11Infrastructure

FailureLoss of TowerFailure of Dam

Project 13GeoHazard Centralized

ManagementSystem

Alarm Warning SystemDatabase management System

Project 12Storm & Flood Impact Level of

Flooding

Project 6Alarm Warning System

(Sensor)

Project 7Hydrological &

Hydraulic Analysis Method

CENTRALISED MANAGEMENT CENTRE

•Monitoring system•Control system

•Escalation system•Database system

•Help desk

Internet Escalation and Report

Internet Escalation and Report

Mobile Network:

SMS/MMS Escalation

Mobile Network:

SMS/MMS Escalation

GIS and Telemetry System for Landslide

Monitoring

GIS and Telemetry System for Sediment

Monitoring

GIS and Telemetry System for

InfrastructureFailure (e.g. Dam)

GeoHazard Centralised Management Centre (GCMC)

Geohazard Methodology

Site Investigation

(e.g.Transmission Tower and Dam)

Triggering Factor, System Behavior, Soil and Rock Parameters

GeoHazard Database System (GDBS)

Real Time Sensor

Development of GeoHazard Model

Variation and Model Behavior Real Time Forecasting

Policy & Management for Sustainable Development

(Social, Economic & Environment)

Validation (Expert System)

Satellite Receiver Sensor

Material and Structure

Code of Practice

Innovative Technologies

Management Guideline (EAP)

WEB Publishing

TYPES OF GEOHAZARD

• Program to focus on water-related Geohazard first– Landslide– Flood– Dam break

• Methodology is generic – use for other geohazards

EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM

MS Access ArcGIS 9

InspectionReport

WorkNotification

Notice ofCompletion

CompletionCertificate

StatisticsWork Status /Progress

Schedule for

Inspection

Scheduleof routine

maintenance

FinancialReporting

WorkPriority

ACTIVELINK

ACTIVELINK

EXISTING REPORTS•Retaining Wall• Slope• Drainage

Location Indicators for Maintenance Works

DATA INVENTORY

Maintenance Data

• LAND USE MAP• TOPOGRAPHY

MAP• GEOLOGICAL

MAP• EXISTING SITE

INVESTIGATION DATA (BH and MP)

DATAAVABILITY

GIS Layers

TRANSMISSIONLINE

SiteInvestigation

DataInventory

ExistingLandslide

Occurring AreaRecord

+ andTRANMISSION

LINE LOCATION(Plan digitize)

InformationInventory

MaintenanceRecords

MS Access Arc GIS

GIS database.

From report and plan

+ + ++

(---------------- transmission line data management ---------------------------)

SLOPE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DISASTER MONITORING AND INFORMATION SYSTEM

DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN

LANDSLIDE MODEL

ICT MANAGEMENT IN LANDSLIDE HAZARD

LANDSLIDE HAZARD MANAGEMENT AND INFORMATION DISSEMINATION

• Policy • Education• Awareness

ENVISTAB

SAR-Interferometric Techniques In Hillslope Stability Monitoring For

An Environment Security Monitoring

System

JAPAN

FINLAND

ENVISTATE - Situation Awareness System For Natural Disaster

Mitigation

•Landslide • Flooding

3D GROUND MODELLING + GIS

+REMOTE SENSING

MMU + UNITEN?

Benefits of Study/ Program

Systematic approach - to handle geohazard problems

A geohazard risk map - assist GOVT to focus on identified critical areas

Increasing efficiency in monitoring and maintaining the identified areas.

A systematic data base for GOVT monitor geohazard.

A methodology which can be adopted for other region.

Towards a more efficient monitoring and maintenance system for GOVT.

A report to show need for systematic monitoring and maintenance schedule


An educational enriching experience and enhancement of the technical knowledge on hazard risk management, stability of soil slope, flood project, dam break analysis and maintenance/remedial works.

Capacity building and exposure for the Project Team Members


A guideline/handbook on the review of existing specifications on geohazard with regard to preventive measures of slope stability, flood and others (appropriate mitigation measures to be taken for various category of critical hazard)


PHASE IIINTEGRATION OF WATER RELATED

GEOHAZARD PROGRAM

MMU

Prof Dr Zaharin Yusoff

Dr. Tay Lea Tien

Dr. Hairul Azhar Abdul Rashid

Dr. Saravanan Muthaiyah

Dr. Murali Raman

Mr. Jeong Chun Phuoc

Mr. Fazidin Jabar

Dr. Tan Shing Chiang

Dr. Loo Chu Kiong

Dr. Aarthi Chandramohan

Ms. Teng Hse Tzia

COLLABORATORS

COLLABORATORS

UNITEN

1. Prof Ir Dr Hj Mohd Nor Mohd Desa

2. AP Ir Dr Lariyah Mohd Sidek

3. AP Dr Norashidah Md Din

4. AP Dr Md Zaini Jamaluddin

5. Dr Rohayu Che Omar

6. Faizah Che Ros

7. Dr Ahmed Hussien Birami

USM

Assoc. Prof Dr. Habibah Lateh

Mr. Koay Swee Peng

Assoc. Prof Dr. Chan Huah Yong

Assoc. Prof Dr. Fauziah Ahmad

Dr. Wan Mohd Muhayuddin Wan Ibrahim

Assoc. Prof Adam Baharum

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ismail Abustan

Dr. Khaled Mohamed Darwish

Professor Ruslan Rainis

Mrs. Mastura Azmi

Mr. Mohd. Haris Ramli

Dr. Younus Ahmed Khan

COLLABORATORS

• Geohazard Data Acquisition

• Geohazard Modelling

• Geohazard Mitigation

• Geohazard Management Policy & Guideline

• Geohazard Information Processing

• Geohazard Centralized Management

GEOHAZARD FLAGSHIP PROGRAM

GEOHAZARD PROJECTS

Geohazard Projects @ UNITENE1: Intelligent GIS and Multi-hazard Risk Map Visualization

E2 :Rainfall Induced and Water Flow in Discontinuity

E2: Characterization of Rock Engineering Parameter & Index

E2: Geophysical tools to identified material as hazard risk index

E2: Characterization of Soil Parameter and Stability

E6 :Alarm Warning System (Sensor)

E3 :Sedimentation Problems

E3:Integrated Flood Management

E3: Infrastructure Failure (Dam Break)

E3 : Erosion and Landslides (Risk Assessment Transmission Tower)

E3: Land Contamination and Water Pollution (Erosion and Land Contamination using Biodegradable and Non-degradable Material)

GEOHAZARD PROJECTS

Geohazard Projects @ USM•Slope stability prediction

•Early Warning System

•Intelligent Explanation System

•Landslide modeling and analysis using remote sensing & GIS

•Risk Assessment model of rainfall induced landslide

GEOHAZARD PROJECTSGeohazard Projects @ MMU

•Command, Control and Crisis Operations Network: A Real-time Crisis Management System in VR

•Modelling and Discrete Simulations of Landslide Processes and Their Impacts – On Going

•Assessing Flood Vulnerability in Malaysia: Developing a Decision Support System

•ICT in Support of Disaster Management in Malaysia: A KMS Approach – On Going

•Emergency Preparedness Systems: Role of KM Systems: The Claremont California experience – sponsored by Department of Defense USA (2003-2005) –Completed.

INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS

• Photronix• Fiber Optic Sensing:Fiber Optic Sensing:

• Geotechnical, Civil & Structural Monitoring & Geotechnical, Civil & Structural Monitoring & Early Warning Detection SystemEarly Warning Detection System

ACHIEVEMENTSGEOHAZARD FLAGSHIP

PROGRAM

Potential Multi-hazard Map base on Terrain Analysis

Landslide Hazard

Total Areas (Hectare)

Low Hazard 2114.887

Moderate Hazard

3793.243

High Hazard 187.759

Slope inventory using Microsoft Access

Connecting slope inventory data with GIS

Database development in GIS

Data visualization using GIS

WORK FLOWS OF SLOPE INVENTORY USING GIS

Copyrights © 2005 TNB Research

Site Observation

Plan View

Slope W Analysis

Cross-section view

Remedial Work Plan view


This guideline proposed some recommendations for the landslide

prevention and control strategy to be used as Risk Management Process: Risk

Management Process include the systematic application of management

policies, procedures and practices to the tasks of communicating, establishing the

context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and

reviewing risk


This manual documents the field procedures for Inventory, Monitoring, and Evaluation Program for prevention and maintenance of slope. This form of

monitoring involves visually inspecting surface conditions within and beyond the

right of way along slope profile.


The purpose of this manual is to familiarize the ArcGIS and to help the user understand the basic structure of the program. This manual will also provide the basic guidelines to create a simple geo-hazard map (example landslide map) using standard cartographic components. These are skills will be needed in all subsequent practices for preparing

COCCOON :

Command, Control and Crisis Operations Network

A Real-time Crisis Management System in VR

COCCOON is a specialized Virtual Reality software that utilizes a huge network of hardware arrays to monitor and analyze crisis situations in real-time, covering over large areas, utilizing multimedia and remote sensing,

basically putting all required information onto the hands of the people who can make decisions and take immediate actions to mitigate any crisis.

Command, Control & Crisis Operations Network : COCCOON

4 Major Functions of Coccoon

Objectives

Monitor:

Manage:

Train:

Predict:


3D Projection System

COCCOON SYS

Sensors / Cameras


COCCOON SYS

Sensors / Cameras

Personnel


COCCOON SYS

Sensors / Cameras

PersonnelDatabase


COCCOON SYS

Sensors / Cameras

PersonnelDatabase

of CoccoonComponents

Telemetry Ceiling

Streaming Wall

Analysis Wall

3D Floor

Cartographic Wall


APPENDIXGEOHAZARD PROJECTS

DETAILS

Remote Sensing• Modelling and Discrete Simulations of

Landslide Processes and Their Impacts • MOSTI Science Fund, On-going• SAR images – such as Radarsat image.• Various techniques (such as morphological

transformations) to compute the slope, roughness using DEM (digital elevation model).

Remote Sensing• Extraction of the complex topological information (such as channel / ridge networks, and sub-watershed boundaries) from DEM.

• Simulation of landslide model to capture the changes temporally. Record of changes in the topological networks and basin geographic boundary.

• Identification of high potential landslide areas/paths.

Fiber Optic Sensing:Fiber Optic Sensing: Geotechnical, Civil & Structural Geotechnical, Civil & Structural

Monitoring & Early Warning Detection Monitoring & Early Warning Detection SystemSystem

(By: Vijay, Photronix Sdn. Bhd.)(By: Vijay, Photronix Sdn. Bhd.)

Scope of WorkScope of Work

Identify Ideal Sensors & Sensing System for EWDS

Development of Sensor, System & Testing Embedding AI and Algorithms Development of GUI Threshold, Alarm, Alert & Public Access Parameter Analysis, Integration & Report Pilot Project & PoC

Fiber Optic SensorFiber Optic Sensor

• Selection of suitable fiber optic sensor (FBG, FPI, LPG, TDR, etc..)

• Identify monitoring parameters• Develop sensor packaging & testing to

relevant standards• MoS for operation and installation• Performance evaluation

Sensing SystemSensing System

Input Signa

l

PASSPASSPASSFAIL !!PASSFAIL !!FAIL !!

Fiber Optic Sensor Interrogation System

Input Signa

l

Development of CMSDevelopment of CMS

• Determination of mode of communication• Identify user & setting parameters &

requirements• Develop GUI, Database & Storage• Incorporation of AI, Threshold, Algorithms• Alarm & Alert Functionality• Public Access

Parameter AnalysisParameter Analysis

PARAMETER 1

PARAMETER 2

PARAMETER N

ANALYSIS

REPORT

REPORT

REPORT

Pilot ProjectPilot Project

• Determination Installation Site• SI and Geotechnical Reports• Installation and Site Station• Monitoring & Maintenance• Modifications• Approval & Certifications

Slope Stability Prediction

Objective:Predicting The Failure of Natural Slope and Cut Slope by

Calculation (Model)Physical and Biological Approach to Measure The Stability

of The SoilMethod: • Studying on soil structure and slope behavior• Set up a Testing Site and Studying the Behavior of Soil • Creating New Model• Finding Better Approach on Slope Stability Mechanism

Early Warning System

Objective• Giving Warning and Alert to Surroundings through

Internet and SMS by Real Time • Providing Real Time Data to Administrator (Officer) for

Decision MakingMethod• Real Time Connection Site to Center• Network Center to Site Surrounding and Authority • Server for Data Control• SMS and Email System for Information Distribution

Intelligence Explanation System (IES)Intelligence Explanation System

Automatic Landslide News Collection

Intelligence Explanation from

existed database and Google

Landslide Animation Video & Photos

System Setting-Upload Landslide article-Upload Landslide Photo-Upload Landslide Video-News Collection-Explanation for key word

Landslide Filtering Control

Multilanguage

System Setting- Newspaper

Existed Function

New suggest function

Intelligence Explanation System (IES)

Objective:• To provide clear, better understanding on landslide

knowledge.• To purpose more intelligent search method.• To provide more dynamic system setting.• To provide more user friendly system.• To keep and landslide news and knowledge


Method:

1. Multilanguage

Add New Language

Insert explanations in Multilanguage

Read landslide article (Multilanguage selection)

Upload landslide article based on the language


2.Landslides News Collection

Insert URL of newspaper

Newspaper defined by admin will be filter


3.News Filtering Control

Based on given URL, news will be filtering

Filter news content has landslide term

Re-filter it to remove news which is related to Politic

Download landslide news(work offline)

Save landslide news based on category language

Research Framework

Compilation of existing & additional data

Data conversion & cleaning

Mining the dataFor possible patterns

& trends

Assess managementoptions

Strategyformulation

Flood warningSystem

Implementationstrategies

Knowledgebase

Decision SupportSystem

Understanding Flood behaviour

Training &Education materials

Past flood (50 years)

Meteorological (50 years)

Socio-economic Flood victim

Knowledge systems

Decision Support Systems

Strategic Systems

Knowledge base

Training &

educational

materials

What-if scenariosFlood

warning system

Strategic plans

Tie

r 1

Tie

r 2

Tie

r 3

Public Government NGOs Corporate

Landuse

Ben

efi

cia

ries

Objectives • To analyse climatic and landform parameters to assess the flood-prone areas and

to trace the history of floods in Malaysia using secondary data

• To assess the risk the people and the property face in the flood-prone areas and to work out the details of the damages in case of floods occurring

• To develop strategies in reducing the impact of flood hazards and to design precautionary intervention, mitigation measures and prediction and preparedness

• To integrate secondary and filed data so as to get a sensible and sensitive database for flood management

• To develop a Decision Support System so as to take timely decisions for managing the flood-prone areas for meeting the emergencies and working out long-term solutions and strategies

• To develop a knowledge-based education and training on flood vulnerability management

Deliverables • Decision Support System (DSS)

• Strategic plans intended to reduce intensity of the flood hazards, strategic plans for precautionary intervention, mitigation of flood effects

• Education and training modules on flood management

• Structured knowledge base

Prior Experience

1. ICT in Support of Disaster Management in Malaysia: A KMS Approach – project valued at RM132,800 – Status – 95% completed

2. Emergency Preparedness Systems: Role of KM Systems: The Claremont California experience – sponsored by Department of Defense USA (2003-2005) –Completed.


Information technology can assist organizations in managing complex and dynamic environments (Burnell et

al., 2004)

Dealing with earthquakes, terror threats and other forms of natural or human-made disasters are examples of complex

and dynamic environments (Kostman, 2004)

Most systems designed to support hazard mitigation efforts deal primarily with design and systems development issues

(Jennex, 2005, 2008)

However, systems designed to support hazard mitigation efforts should not exclude policy and guidelines or impact

assessment from a socio-policy dimension

Problem Statement

Policy and GuidelinesObjectives

Given the above, the focus of the policy and guidelines segment of this research initiative are as follows:

1. To conduct an impact assessment of Geohazard systems from a socio-economic and organizational dimension, within the given environment

2. To assess the feasibility of such systems – end user adoption and use

3. To ascertain critical success factors from soft sciences namely: adoption issues, evaluation, managerial support, leadership and other knowledge driven imperatives

Policy and GuidelinesKey guiding principles for designing

emergency/hazard management systems from a policy and socio-impact perspective (Turoff et al. 2004; Turoff 2002,2000,1972; Jennex 2004, Lee and Bui 2000; Campbell et al.,

2004):

Support collaborative knowledge sharing

Support drills and simulation

Enhance group coordination

Permit free exchange of information

Provide timely and relevant information to

responders

Enhance and not hinder emergency

management efforts


Hazard Environment Attributes

Complex Dynamic Unstructured

Knowledge Characteristics

Ad-hoc DecentralizedContextualized

Hazard ManagementTechnologyProcesses Culture

Design

Training

Con

tin

uou

sA

pp

ly

Create

“Fit”

Research Framework

Policy & Guideline

Incorporate system into all centralized coordinated efforts

Dedicated staff to update, and maintain system designed

Extend use of system to include intra and inter-organizational dimension

Think through the legislative impact – none in Malaysia currently in using such systems

Ensure “fit” between system and existing processes

Towards a knowledge sharing culture in managing hazards

Research Framework

Generic issues to be considered for implementing/develop a Geohazard Systems:

Policy & GuidelinesResearch Approach and Tentative Time

1. To conduct an impact assessment of Geohazard systems from a socio-economic and organizational dimension, within the given environment

2. To ascertain critical success factors from soft sciences namely: adoption issues, evaluation, managerial support, leadership and other knowledge

driven imperatives

Objectives

Timeline

Objective 1 Objective 2

First 6 months post implementation Months 6-12

MethodThe tentative method for data collection for the above will involve a

combination of interviews, case data and also surveys

geohazard flagship program collaborative partners usm, uniten, mmu, did, doe, mmd & jkr sea to...

Documents

geohazard program slide

geohazard floods

tragedy slide

conceptualisation slide

reliable data

valueadded data

central system

water flood