geophysical research in the sudbury basin: dr. richard smith
TRANSCRIPT
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Industrial Research Chair Geophysical Research in the Sudbury Basin
(published material)
Richard Smith,
Department of Earth Sciences
Laurentian University
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List of Students - Completed • Devon Parry (MSc) [Sept 2010- Jan 2013], A comparative study of physical property
measurements collected around the Sudbury basin.
• Joshua Lymburner (MSc) [Sept 2010-March 2013], A multiple transmitter/receiver electromagnetic system.
• Ladan Karimi Sharif (MSc) [Sept 2011-Oct 2013], Application of the cross-hole radio imaging method in detecting geological anomalies, MacLennan township, Sudbury, Ontario.
• Melissa Pecman (BSc Hons) [May 2013-May 2014] Measuring physical properties on core from the Victoria Property
• Oladele Olaniyan (PhD) [Jan 2011-July 2014], Regional geophysical investigation of the Sudbury structure.
• Tomas Naprstek (MSc) [Jan 2013 – Sept 2014], The physics of the propagation of radio waves between boreholes.
• Deng Deng (MSc) [Sept 2012-Oct 2014], A comparison of instruments for measuring magnetic susceptibility.
• Michal Kolaj (MSc/PhD) [May 2010- June 2015], Using a gradient EM system to map lateral changes in conductance.
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List of Students - Current • Omid Mahmoodi (PhD) [Nov 2012-Nov 2015]
• Yongxing Li (PhD) [Sept 2013-Sept 2016]. Modelling of the Radio Imaging method.
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“Embedded” students
• Michal Kolaj – Vale;
• Oladele Olaniyan – Wallbridge;
• Devon Parry – Glencore;
• Joshua Lymburner – Wallbridge;
• Ladan Karimi Sharif – Glencore;
• Deng Deng – Vale;
• Omid Mahmoodi – KGHM;
• Melissa Pecman, Maximilien Guillot – KGHM;
• Yongxing Li – Vale;
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Other (non-IRC) training (10) • CMIC Geophysics Research Associate (Dr Reza Mir)
– Working on Orogenic Gold, Unconformity Uranium and Porphyry Copper.
• Mine Safety (Christoph Schaub)
• Airborne EM (Kun Guo)
• Ground and Airborne EM (Jacques Desmarais)
• Resistivity (Sam Long)
• Aeromagnetics (Angela Carter McAuslan)
• Seismic tomography (Shauna Lee-Hewitt, Matt Andersen)
• Magnetic processing and Interpretation (Tomas Naprstek)
• Water exploration (Nikolas Gazo)
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IRC Research themes
• 1 Integrated studies theme
• 2 Physical Properties theme
• 3 Data acquisition and processing theme
• 4 New modelling tools theme
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Integrated Studies Theme Sudbury Basin study
• Oladele Olaniyan has
– A new 3D model of the Sudbury Structure
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Seismic data reinterpreted
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Making the seismic consistent with the gravity and magnetics
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Same for all profiles
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14 Olaniyan et al., 2014, Interpretation
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Olaniyan et al., 2014, Interpretation
Proposed tectonic history of the Sudbury
Structure
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Integrated studies Cross-hole Radio Imaging Study
MacLennan Twp
16 FARA tomogram ImageWin tomogram
Ladan Karimi Sharif
(MSc thesis)
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Physical Properties Theme
• Devon Parry – compared downhole instruments for measuring resistivity
• Deng Deng – comparing instruments for measuring magnetic susceptibility on core
• Melissa Pecman – measuring physical properties on core at Victoria
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-2000 0 2000 4000
EM39
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-5000 5000
KT-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-5000 0 5000
IFG
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-20000 20000
GDD 40
45
50
55
60
65
-10000 0 10000 20000 30000
Conductivity mS/m
EM39
GDD
KT10
IFG
Parry, et al., 2015, Exploration Geophysics
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Comparison of instruments
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Hand-held and borehole tools measure over different volumes
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Two of three holes where 71 samples
were measured at Thompson, Manitoba
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Deng, MSc
thesis, 2014
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23 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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Drift
24 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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Crossplots
25 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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Lower limit
26 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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Lower limit
(Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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Range of instrument
28 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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29 (Deng, MSc thesis, 2014)
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30 Mahmoodi and Smith, 2015
Victoria Property
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Geology from Physical properties (Omid Mahmoodi)
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Statistical analyses
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How many clusters?
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0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
fpi
mpe
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Three clusters
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Data acquisition and proc. Theme Deep exploration tool
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
• Receiver is Geonics 3D coil
• Data collected 25 m Rx stations (x) (red x every 100 m)
• Transmitter is 10 by 10 m loop, 10 turns, 20 Amps
• 25 Transmitter positions
• Equipment and crew provided by Abitibi Geophysics
Lymburner and Smith, 2014
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
-500 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500
Known conductor
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Tx 1000 m2
at +300
S/N = 1.1
Tx 3000 m2
+250 to +300
S/N = 3.8
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Lymburner MSc thesis, (2013)
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Tx 4000 m2
+225 to +300
S/N = 7
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Lymburner MSc thesis, (2013)
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Tx 8000 m2
at +75 to +150
and -75 to -150
S/N = 144
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
Lymburner MSc thesis, (2013)
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Fitting all
components
(Kolaj and
Smith, 2015)
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Using multiple receivers and transmitters
• Can increase signal to noise ratio
– Detect deep conductors
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Data acquisition and proc. theme laterally varying conductance
• Michal Kolaj
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Mine Tailings Survey
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Estimator T for when simplified solution is erroneous
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Approximate
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Tool for estimating conductance from borehole EM data
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Modelling theme
• Ground EM data
– Michal Kolaj
• Radio Imaging data
– Tom Naprstek
– Yongxing Li
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Joe Lake
Shallow dipping thickening of the Sub-layer.
Evidence for embayment in SIC footwall
(Watts, 1997)
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Joe Lake
(Watts, 1997) Michal Kolaj - Defence
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Joe Lake
31 km of Z-channel UTEM.
Broad positive peak response.
(Watts, 1997) Michal Kolaj - Defence
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Joe Lake
Michal Kolaj - Defence
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Joe Lake
055°/31°
Michal Kolaj - Defence
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Joe Lake
Previous interp._
000°/30° S
1300N
depth to top of 375
m to 425 m
Dipole interp._
055°/30° SE
[4025, 1275, 400]
Depth to top > 275
m
Michal Kolaj - Defence
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Modelling theme Radio Imaging
• Tom Naprstek
– Physics of wave propagation
• Yongxing Li
– 3D modelling using COMSOL
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RIM whole space modelling
• Permittivity effects are important
• Built a user interface
86 Naprstek and Smith, 2014, SExG
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Yongxing Li: COMSOL Modelling
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Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67
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88 Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67
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89 Computers & Geosciences 85 (2015), 60–67
ImageWin interpretation Wave propagation
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Thank you
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