georg fischer european commission the european social policy debate european commission dg...
Post on 18-Dec-2015
233 views
TRANSCRIPT
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Georg Fischer European Commission
The European Social Policy debate
EUROPEAN COMMISSIONDG Employment and Social Affairs
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Drivers of Change in EUROPE 1
1. Globalisation and Migration
2. Enlargement and Integration
3. Society: individualisation
4. Ageing: higher dependency ratios
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Shares of world trade in Goods (exlc. intra EU-25 trade)
0,0%
5,0%
10,0%
15,0%
20,0%
25,0%
1995 2004
EU-25 US Japan China+India (China upper part, India striped segment)
1995 2004EU-25 (excl. intra) 19,1% 18,5%US 16,5% 17,1%Japan 9,5% 7,4%China 3,4% 8,4%India 0,8% 1,2%
Drivers 3Source: WTO statistical database and IMF (DOTS).
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Foreign Direct Investment relative to Domestic Production, 1990 and 2002
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Japa
n
Gre
ece
Icel
and
Ital
y
Pol
and
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Slo
vak
Rep
ublic
Aus
tria
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Nor
way
Aus
tral
ia
Ger
man
y
New
Zea
land
Por
tuga
l
Hun
gary
Fra
nce
Spa
in
Fin
land
Can
ada
Den
mar
k
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Sw
eden
Sw
itzer
land
Net
herla
nds
Irel
and
1990 2002
Drivers 6
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Distribution of the Population per age group in the EU 25 (1950-2050)
25.0 23.7 17.1 14.4 13.3
15.8 15.513.0
10.5 9.7
35.0 32.736.8
31.128.2
15.215.4
17.3
21.318.5
7.9 10.7 12.316.2
18.5
1.2 2.0 3.4 6.5 11.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050
80+
65-79
50-64
25-49
15_24
0_14
1
general
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
EU25: Distribution of the population per age and household type (B1)
Source: Eurostat Demographic Statistics (2001 Census Round) Drivers 2
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Drivers of Change in EUROPE 2 Consequences
• Less scope more need for social policy?
• Less resources for social policy?
• More or less support in population?
• More or less scope for European action?
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Drivers of Change in EUROPE 3 Policy options
Protection and isolation:not an option for Europe !
Liberalisation and reduction of standards:A solution for Europe ?
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Drivers of Change in EUROPE 4 Policy options
Promote Adjustment and social justice:
• Difficult reforms and policy balance
• Understanding and transparency
• Involve those affected
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Key Policy Issues
• Labour market reform
• Pension reform
• Health care, long-term care
• From Poverty Relief to Social Inclusion
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Key Policy Issues: Pension
• System reform + =
• Strengthen Contribution-Benefit link
• Gender equality in systems
• Credit for periods of care
• Promote employment of older people
• Fighting age discrimination
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Ageing 5
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Ageing 3
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Old age dependency ratio
2004 2025 2050
Ratio 60+ /20-59 39% 58% 80%
Ratio 65+ /20-64 27% 39% 58%
Ratio 70+ /20-69 18% 25% 40%Note : EU25. Source : Eurostat 2005 demographic projections.
7
general
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Older workers employment (55-64)
4
Trends in employment rates for older people (aged 55-64) in selected EU Member States, 1992-2004
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: Eurostat, structural indicators
% o
f pop
ulat
ion
aged
55-
64
DE ES FR IT UK FI
general
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Key Policy Issues :Health care, long-term care
• Reduce health inequalities
• Choice and competition but
• Strengthen care coordination
• within and across care systems
• Long-term care systems
• Prevention and autonomy
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Key Policy Issues: Social Inclusion
• Adequate income provision• Inclusive labour markets• Access to education and training• - to public services and housing• Address multiple disadvantages• A policy for ethnic minorities• Address intergenerational poverty
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Effects of taxes and transfers in reducing relative income poverty
among the working-age population
0%
10%
20%
30%
AUSBEL
CANCZE
DENFIN
FRAG
ERIR
LIT
AJP
NNLD NZL
NOR
POR
SWE
SWI
UKGUSA
OECD (1
7)
Effect of taxes and transfers in reducing povertyPoverty rate, disposable income
Mid-1990s2000
Source: Calculations from OECD questionnaire on distribution of household incomes.
poverty 5
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Relative poverty among the working-age population and social
spending, 2000
USA
UKG
TUR
SWISWE
POR POL
NOR
NZL
NLD
MEX
LUX
JPN
ITA IRL
HUN
GRC
GER
FRA
FIN
DEN
CZE
CAN
AUTAUS
SPA
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 4 8 12 16
Non-health public social spending tow ards w orking-age population (%GDP)
Pov
erty
rat
e (%
)
Note: Social spending is defined as public social spending excluding health, old-age and survivor benefits, as a share of GDP. Poverty rates are measured with respect to a threshold set at half of the median equivalised household disposable income. Exact years are those specified in the note to Table 1.Source: OECD Social Expenditure database and data from the OECD income distribution questionnaire. poverty 6
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Poverty 3
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Long term unemployment
3
Trends in long-term unemployment rates for selected EU Members States 1994-2004
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: Eurostat, structural indicators
% o
f ac
tive
po
pu
lati
on
DE ES DK IT UK
general
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Key Policy Issues:Involve Civil Society
• Essential for successful
• Policy development and
• Implementation
• Community base of policy
• Dialogue not allocation of tasks
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Three policy lines:
• Participation in employment/society
• Activation : work and autonomy
• Preventive rather than curative action
…….Education and Training are crucial
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 1:
Common Objective on high levels of social protection and employment
Treaty of Rome 1957:
•Equal Pay for women and men
•Free Movement of workers
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 1b:
Economic Integration leads to deepening labour and social policy:
• Health and safety in the work place incl. working time
• European works councils• European social dialogue• Antidiscrimination beyond labour market
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 2:
Policy Coordination:
• Common objectives
• Policy review and Peer Pressure • Mutual Learning
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
• EU measures:
• European Market needs European Standards: pension and health
• Cross country migrants: accumulation of rights and portability
European Social Policies 3:
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 4Solidarity:
Financial Solidarity:
European Social Fund
New Globalisation Fund?
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 4: European Social Fund
• Financial Instrument to support employment and social cohesion
• 60 Billion EURO for 2000-2006
• Priority in poorer countries but support in all countries
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Questions for discussion
• Less scope more need for social policy?
• Less resources for social policy?
• More or less support in population?
• More or less scope for European action?
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Thank you very much for your attention and
please have a look at our website
http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/index_en.html
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 8: Policy Coordination
• Employment Policy Coordination
• Social Protection/Social Inclusion
• Open Method of Coordination
• Role of Member States and European Union
• 2005: “Strategy for Growth and Employment”
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 9: Antidiscrimination
• 1999: introduction of a new legal basis to tackle discrimination on grounds of racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age and sexual orientation (Article 13 TEC)
• 2000: adoption of two Directives and a Community action programme to combat discrimination
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
European Social Policies 10: Antidiscrimination
• Ban on racial discrimination covers employment, training, education, social protection, access to goods and services.
• Specialised bodies to assist victims of racial discrimination
• Commission taking legal action against several MS for late/incomplete transposition
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
EU action to tackle anti-Semitism
• EU financial support for European Network Against Racism & various projects
• EU Monitoring Centre against Racism and Xenophobia (Vienna)
• Proposed EU-wide criminal sanctions for racism and xenophobia (Framework Decision, currently blocked in Council)
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Health 2
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Health 3
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Health 4
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Employment 1
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Employment 2
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Employment 3
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
Employment 4
European Commission
Employment & Social AffairsEmployment 6
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
General 1
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
General 2
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
General 3
European Commission
Employment & Social Affairs
General 4