georgia and the american experience chapter 3: the land and its early people study presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Georgia Georgia and the American Experienceand the American Experience
Chapter 3:Chapter 3:
The Land And Its Early The Land And Its Early PeoplePeople
Study Presentation Study Presentation
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Georgia Georgia and the American Experienceand the American Experience
Section 1: How Did We Section 1: How Did We Learn About the Earliest Learn About the Earliest Peoples?Peoples?
Section 2: Indian Nations Section 2: Indian Nations in Georgia in Georgia
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Section 1: How Did We Section 1: How Did We Learn About the Earliest Learn About the Earliest
Peoples?Peoples?
• Essential Question – How did Georgia’s prehistoric Indian
tribes live?
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Section 1: What is Section 1: What is Geography?Geography?
• What words do I need to know?– archeologist– anthropologist– shale– artifact– culture– tribe– antiquities
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Understanding Ancient Understanding Ancient Peoples Through ArtifactsPeoples Through Artifacts
• Oral Tradition: Elders repeated narratives of events often until the younger generations memorized them
• Archeologists dig into earth to find artifacts (items made by people) that tell us about early inhabitants
• Shale: Layered rock that can encase ancient animals or birds
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Understanding Ancient Understanding Ancient Peoples Through CulturePeoples Through Culture
• Anthropologists use artifacts, cave drawings, well-traveled pathways, and oral history to study a group’s culture
• Culture: shared beliefs, traditions, music, art, and social institutions of a group of people
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This cave drawing depicts a deer hunt.
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Cultural Periods in Georgia Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Paleo History: Paleo
• Paleo (from Greek, “Very Old”)• Also called Old Stone Age• Lasted about 10,000 years• Nomadic (roaming) hunters• Most tools and spear points made of
stone • Used an “atlatl”: stone sling-like
implement that threw darts from a longer distance
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The atlatl allowed Native Americans to hunt more efficiently.
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Notice how the arrow is bowed. As it straightened in flight it gained force, resulting in an increas in range and accuracy.
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An atlatl demonstration gone awry.
While trying atlatls, bow and arrow, spears, etc. can be fun and educational, care must be taken at all times.
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Cultural Periods in Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Early Georgia History: Early
ArchaicArchaic • Archaic (means “Old”)• Three time spans: Early, Middle, Late • Early Archaic period: 8,000 B.C. to
5,000 B.C.• Hunted large animals and small game• Invented tools from deer antlers• Moved with each season to find best
food resources
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Cultural Periods in Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Middle Georgia History: Middle
ArchaicArchaic • Began around 5,000 B.C. • Water levels moved back along rivers
and coastal areas• People began making hooks from
animal bones• Shellfish was a more common food • Food was easier to find; people moved
around less
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Cultural Periods in Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Late Georgia History: Late
ArchaicArchaic • 4,000 B.C. to 1,000 B.C.• Created grooved axes to clear trees
and bushes • Began saving and planting seeds for
plants and seeds for growing seasons (horticulture)
• Made and used pottery for storing, cooking, and serving food
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Cultural Periods in Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Georgia History:
WoodlandWoodland• 1,000 B.C. to 1,000 A.D.• Tribe: group of people sharing common
ancestry, name, and way of living• Hundreds of families formed tribes• Built domed-shaped huts with trees • Used bow and arrows to hunt• Held religious ceremonies• Improved pottery-making techniques
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The bow and arrow was a great improvement over the atlatl.
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Cultural Periods in Cultural Periods in Georgia History: Georgia History: Mississippian Mississippian
• Also called the Temple Mound period• Farmed with homemade tools and grew
most of their food• Thousands might live in a single
settlement, protected by fences and moats
• Very religious; used jewelry and body art
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The Black Drink Ceremony…
…separated the men from the boys!!!
Yaupon Holly
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Archeological FindsArcheological Finds • Ancient middens (garbage piles) show what
people ate, how they used fire, what they used for cooking
• Ocmulgee National Monument near Macon reveals a large ceremonial area with benches and platforms
• There are large temple mounds in Early, Bartow, and Bibb counties
• Stallings Island near Augusta is a large shell midden
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Section 2:Section 2: Indian Nations in Indian Nations in
GeorgiaGeorgia• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– Which Indian nations lived in Georgia and how did they live?
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Section 2:Section 2: Indian Nations in Indian Nations in
GeorgiaGeorgia
• What peoples do I need to know? – Creek (Muscogee)
– Cherokee
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The Creeks (Muscogee)The Creeks (Muscogee)
• Originally from American southwest• Spoke Muskogean• Discovered by early European explorers who
called them Creeks• Lived along Ocheese Creek (today’s
Ocmulgee River)• Lived in italwa and talofa (large villages
surrounded by smaller villages) similar to today’s large city and surrounding suburbs
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Creek (Muscogee) LifestyleCreek (Muscogee) Lifestyle • Village center featured a plaza and
rotunda• Games and ceremonies held in plaza• Rotunda was used for council meetings• Wooden huts or log cabins with chimneys
surrounded the plaza• Villages, split from larger villages, helped
form a confederacy• Raised livestock and were successful
farmers
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A Native American Village
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“Good Lord willing and the creek (Creek) don’t rise…” This old saying doesn’t mean rising water but the hope that the Creek Indians don’t attack.
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The CherokeeThe Cherokee • Lived in northwestern mountain region of
the state • Called themselves Awi-yum-wija, which
meant “real people” or “principal people”• Tribal Clans: groups of Cherokee who
believed themselves related by blood• Two tribal chiefs: one for making war and
one for making peacetime decisions• Clans governed on the local level
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The Cherokee Family The Cherokee Family • Family lines were traced through the
mother, not the father• The mother’s brothers took
responsibility for raising her children• Mothers handled most domestic • chores; fathers often left home to hunt or trade
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Cherokee LifestyleCherokee Lifestyle • Built homes on high banks or hills along rivers
and streams• Shelters were built from available materials,
often plastered on the exterior to keep out rain and cold
• Log cabins built for winter living • Fishing and raising crops including maize
(corn)• Barter: trading goods and services without
use of money was an economic system
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The Cherokee built log cabins for winter living.
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Economics – the study of how we allocate limited resources to meet our unlimited wants.
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Cherokee Religious BeliefsCherokee Religious Beliefs
• Believed Earth was large island resting on water
• “This World”: tribe was at center of the earth
• “Upper World”: above This World; clean and pure world; Sun and Moon chief gods
• “Under World”: in waters below This World; disorder and change
• Deer and birds were honored; bears were not
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Other Cherokee Lifestyle Other Cherokee Lifestyle PracticesPractices
• Drank ginseng potion to stop bleeding or shortness of breath
• Smoked tobacco on ceremonial occasions when seeking the gods’ blessings
• Green Corn Ceremony held to give thanks for corn, the most important food source
• Followed “Law of Retaliation,” avenging a wrong by getting even; this law helped prevent feuds within a tribe
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Smoking tobacco was an important part of many ceremonies.
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Native American families banded together to form clans. Tribes were groups of clans. There were 7 major clans; all Cherokee belonged to one of these clans.