Georgia Milestones Readiness AssessmentGEOGRAPHY

1. Where is Georgia in relation to South America? A. Georgia is located in South America. B. Georgia is located north of South America. C. Georgia is located west of South America. D. Georgia is located south of South America.

2. On what continent is Georgia located? A. North America B. South America C. Europe D. Asia

3. What region of the United States is Georgia located in? A. Northeast B. Southeast C. Midwest D. Southwest

4. Which state borders Georgia? A. Florida B. Louisiana C. Virginia D. Mississippi

5. What two hemispheres is Georgia located in? A. Northern and Eastern B. Western and Southern C. Western and Eastern D. Northern and Western

6. Which of the following forms Georgia’s western border? A. North Carolina and Tennessee B. Florida and Tennessee C. Alabama and Florida D. South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean

7. How many officially recognized geographic regions does Georgia have? A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

8. In which of the following geographic regions do most Georgians live? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge Mountains C. Coastal Plain D. Piedmont

9. In which region could you begin hiking the Appalachian Trail or visit Tallulah Gorge? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge C. Valley and Ridge D. Piedmont

10. Which region receives the most rainfall? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge C. Coastal Plain D. Valley and Ridge

11. Which region covers the most territory in the state? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge Mountains C. Coastal Plain D. Piedmont

12. In which region is a rich red soil found? A. Appalachian Plateau B. Blue Ridge Mountains C. Coastal Plain D. Piedmont

13. What is true about the Coastal Plain region? A. It has rich soil for growing crops, like peanuts. B. It has many major cities. C. It is known for carpet manufacturing. D. Its main source of power comes from hydroelectric dams.

14. What is the area called where the Piedmont and Coastal Plain meet that features a drop in elevation and beautiful waterfalls? A. Barrier islands B. Brasstown Bald C. Tallulah Gorge D. Fall Line

15. Why do most of Georgia’s people live along the fall line? A. Because of its rivers and waterfalls B. Because it is near the coast C. Because of the rich sandy soil D. Because of its milder climate

16. Which feature flows along Georgia’s eastern border? A. Savannah River B. Barrier islands C. Appalachian Mountains D. Chattahoochee River

17. Which feature is now protected by the federal government? A. Okefenokee Swamp B. Fall Line C. Appalachian Mountains D. Chattahoochee River

18. In the Appalachian Mountains, there are A. Long, cold winters. B. Hot, tropical summers. C. Some areas of snow. D. Many varieties of crops.

19. What is true about Georgia’s barrier islands? A. They protect the mainland from erosion. B. They feature most of the state’s waterfalls. C. They receive more snow than the other regions. D. They are all wildlife reserves and off-limits to people.

20. Which feature forms Georgia’s western border? A. Savannah River B. Barrier islands C. Appalachian Mountains D. Chattahoochee River

21. Forts were built here to defend the early settlement of Georgia: A. Savannah River B. Barrier islands C. Appalachian Mountains D. Chattahoochee River

22. One reason people might want to live in Georgia is that A. The climate is the same through the entire state. B. The winters are mild. C. The summers are cold. D. There is little rainfall.

23. Georgia’s location has made it a center of ____________ in the South. A. Culture B. Transportation C. Museums D. Boating

24. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport is A. Home to four busy runways. B. Named for two former governors of Georgia. C. The state’s largest employer. D. An airport for passengers, not cargo.

25. Georgia’s interstate highway system was built to A. Move goods throughout the state. B. Bring tourism to the state. C. Help move the military through the state. D. Make it the state’s transportation leader.

26. Georgia has traditionally relied on Brunswick and Savannah to serve as what? A. Major airports B. Important deep-water ports C. Intersections of major highways D. Major railroad hubs

27. Which major north-south highway is Georgia’s commercial link to New England and the east coast? A. I-20 B. I-75 C. I-25 D. I-95

28. Georgia’s deep-water ports A. Are mainly for cars. B. Are only for goods coming into the state, not leaving. C. Open the state for trade with the world. D. Might close because air travel is more efficient.

29. Which major interstate highway connects Georgia with the Midwest? A. I-20 B. I-75 C. I-85 D. I-95

30. Airplane traffic through Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport A. Is for human passengers, not cargo. B. Goes to every continent in the world. C. Has been slowing over the past decade. D. Numbers more than 1,000 planes daily.

31. Which industry is experiencing a steady growth in employment, as represented by the Interstate Highway Systems and Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport? A. Tourism B. Transportation C. Agriculture D. Technology

32. Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport is important to Georgia’s economy because A. It is the busiest deep-water port in the state. B. It makes Georgia accessible to visitors, business travelers, and trade. C. It makes sure that products produced in Atlanta reach the other parts of the state. D. It is the only airport in the state.

33. In what ways do Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, I-85, and the port at Savannah impact Georgia’s economy? A. They provide jobs for Georgians while discouraging foreign economic competition. B. They make Georgia accessible to people from all over the world, help provide jobs for state citizens, and

allow the state to import and export products efficiently. C. They allow imports to arrive and reach Georgia while keeping domestic products at home. D. They have very little impact on the state’s economy.

PREHISTORIC GEORGIA AND EUROPEAN CONTACT1. The Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian people were: A. Southern groups who fought during the Civil War. B. Native Americans who lived in Georgia prior to European arrival. C. Settlers who lived in the Yazoo territory. D. Native American groups relocated during the Trail of Tears.

2. Who were the earliest known people to live in what is today Georgia? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

3. Which Native American group was the first to build permanent settlements? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

4. Which statement best describes the Paleo Indians? A. They built religious mounds. B. They created long-lasting pottery. C. They were a migratory people who hunted and gathered food. D. They participated in large-scale farming.

5. Which Native American group first began to plant crops and make pottery? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

6. Who were the last Native Americans to live in Georgia before the arrival of European explorers? A. Archaic B. Paleo C. Woodland D. Mississippian

7. Which Native American group lived in towns governed by chiefs? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

8. The first Europeans to explore Georgia were from which country? A. Great Britain B. Spain C. France D. Germany

9. Why did European nations explore the Americas? A. They wanted to experience new cultures. B. They wanted to find new spices. C. They needed new farmland. D. They wanted to discover gold and riches.

10. Which Spanish explorer crossed Georgia hoping to find cities of gold? A. Henry Hudson B. Ponce de Leon C. John Cabot D. Hernando DeSoto

11. Who was Hernando DeSoto? A. He was a Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs. B. He was a Spanish missionary who wanted to spread Christianity to the New World. C. He was the first Spanish explorer to enter Georgia. D. He was a Spanish soldier who established military forts on Georgia’s barrier islands.

12. What was the purpose of the Spanish missions? A. Discover gold B. Fight Native Americans C. Launch military raids against British colonies D. Convert Native Americans to Christianity

13. Hernando DeSoto’s expedition to Georgia had what effect on Native Americans? A. DeSoto built lasting alliances with Native Americans. B. DeSoto’s men killed many Native Americans with weapons and diseases. C. DeSoto stayed away from Native American lands and didn’t interact with them. D. DeSoto did not meet any Native Americans because they had already left the region. 14. Spain’s first settlements in Georgia were A. Large cities along the Chattahoochee River. B. Small communities surrounding modern-day Milledgeville. C. Forts built along the Georgia-Alabama border. D. Catholic missions on the barrier islands.

15. As a direct result of contact with European explorers, the Native American population A. Tripled. B. Declined. C. Moved away. D. Prospered.

16. What was the most devastating effect of European exploration on Native Americans? A. The spread of disease B. The introduction of weapons like guns and cannons C. The introduction of new crops and animals D. The spread of Christianity

17. Which explorer was most responsible for introducing the diseases that devastated the Native American populations in Georgia? A. Hernando DeSoto B. Hernan Cortes C. Francisco Pizarro D. Prince Henry the Navigator

18. Why did Spanish concentrate their initial colonization of Georgia along the barrier islands? A. Fear of Native Americans kept them on the islands. B. Rumors of malaria kept them close to sea. C. The land inland was not fertile. D. It was easier for ships to access the shore.

19. How did Spain feel about British and French colonies in the Georgia and the southeast? A. Spain was angry and felt defensive because they were seen as a threat. B. Spain was grateful to have other Europeans in the area to help fight Native Americans. C. Spain didn’t care about them because it was too busy establishing missions. D. Spain cooperated with them to try and convert Native Americans to Christianity.

20. Which statement BEST describes Spanish presence in Georgia after 1686? A. There wasn’t much presence because the Spanish had abandoned their missions and moved south. B. It was stable for another 100 years. C. The Spanish remained in the area but fell under the authority of British rule. D. It grew in order to resist the French and British.

COLONIAL GEORGIA1. Who wanted to establish a colony for debtors and became the first leader of Georgia? A. James Oglethorpe B. King George II C. Tomochichi D. John Wesley

2. Which of the following describes James Oglethorpe? A. He was a supporter of slavery. B. He was a strong leader and a member of Parliament. C. He acquired a great deal of land in the northern colonies. D. He did not believe in establishing a relationship with the Native Americans.

3. Which of the following is a reason why the British wanted to establish the colony of Georgia? A. To sell slaves to the Spanish. B. To have a military base to attack the Spanish in South Carolina. C. To produce silk and other products that they normally had to import. D. To have a safe place for Catholics to practice their religion.

4. How did the founding of Georgia affect debtors in England? A. Only Catholic debtors were allowed to come to Georgia, not ones who were Protestant. B. It improved their lives greatly because it was a colony specifically for debtors. C. Most debtors were slaves when they reached Georgia. D. It didn’t really affect debtors because hardly any ever came to Georgia.

5. King George II agreed to grant Oglethorpe and the trustees a charter to found Georgia because A. The trustees promised the king that Georgia would be founded as a royal colony. B. He believed it would help England economically and provide military protection for other colonies. C. He knew a revolution was coming and needed another colony to be loyal to England. D. He was against slavery and liked that Oglethorpe would not allow it in Georgia.

6. Which event occurred first? A. Arrival of the Salzburgers B. Charter of 1732 signed C. Arrival of the Malcontents D. Establishment of Savannah on Yamacraw Bluff

7. Under the Charter of 1732, who was NOT allowed to settle in Georgia? A. Catholics B. Protestants C. Debtors D. Scots

8. Who was Tomochichi? A. He was a Native American who was captured and enslaved by Oglethorpe. B. He was the husband of Mary Musgrove. C. He was a Native American chief who befriended Oglethorpe and helped him establish Savannah. D. He was a Native American who fought the British over rights to land.

9. Who served as an interpreter between the Native Americans and the British settlers? A. James Oglethorpe B. Mary Musgrove C. Chief Tomochichi D. Hernando DeSoto

10. What was the name of the first settlement founded by British settlers in Georgia? A. Milledgeville B. Savannah C. Augusta D. Atlanta

11. Which group of early Georgian settlers was initially expelled from their home in the Austrian Alps? A. Malcontents B. Highland Scots C. Salzburgers D. Missionaries

12. Who opposed restrictions on slavery, land sales, and liquor in Georgia? A. Highland Scots B. Royal governors C. Malcontents D. Salzburgers

13. Who were the Highland Scots? A. Hired soldiers who fought for the British during the American Revolution. B. Frenchmen who fought for the colonies during the American Revolution. C. Scottish settlers who opposed Oglethorpe and became known as “malcontents”. D. Scotsmen who settled in Georgia during the colonial period.

14. Who were the Salzburgers? A. Scottish Catholics B. English Protestants C. Austrian Protestants D. French Catholics

15. Which of the following people would have most likely been a Malcontent? A. A Salzburger B. A Spanish missionary trying to convert Native Americans to Catholicism C. A Georgian during the trustee period who wanted more land and slaves D. A supporter of James Oglethorpe

16. Which of the following was NOT a rule set up by Georgia’s trustees? A. No slavery B. No selling of land C. No liquor D. No religious ceremonies

17. What city was founded by Oglethorpe, built using new European ideas, and made fair distribution of land possible? A. Savannah B. Atlanta C. Ebenezer D. Darien

18. Which of the following was a group of fierce soldiers who came to Georgia to help defend the colony from the Spanish? A. Highland Scots B. Salzburgers C. Malcontents D. Red Coats

19. How did life in Georgia change in 1752? A. It became a state. B. It seceded from the Union. C. It divided South Carolina. D. It became a royal colony.

20. Why were the laws of the trustees overturned? A. Moral reasons B. Racial reasons C. Religious reasons D. Economic reasons

21. What was the main crop produced in the royal colony of Georgia? A. Peaches B. Oranges C. Rice D. Sugar

22. What effect did slavery have on Georgia? A. It hurt the colony’s economy. B. It led to the plantation system. C. It caused a drop in the colony’s population. D. It allowed African Americans to have more freedoms.

23. Georgia’s first royal governor had many problems with the colonial legislature and was removed. Who was this? A. James Oglethorpe B. Henry Ellis C. James Wright D. John Reynolds

24. Who was the second royal governor of Georgia and worked well with the legislature and Native Americans? A. Henry Ellis B. James Wright C. James Oglethorpe D. John Reynolds

25. The colony of Georgia prospered under which royal governor’s leadership? A. James Wright B. Henry Ellis C. John Reynolds D. James Oglethorpe

AMERICAN REVOLUTION

1. What two colonial powers fought each other for control of North America during the French and Indian War? A. Great Britain and Native Americans B. Great Britain and France C. France and Native Americans D. France and Spain

2. In what way did the French and Indian War impact Georgia? A. It devastated much of the colony because of the fierce battles that took place. B. It had no effects on Georgia because all of the battles took place in the northern colonies. C. It added territory to the colony and increased security once Britain took control of Florida. D. It enraged Georgians because it made the colony smaller.

3. What divided Florida into two British colonies, expanded Georgia’s territory, and angered colonists who wanted to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains? A. Treaty of Versailles B. Charter of 1732 C. Stamp Act D. Proclamation of 1763

4. Loyalists can best be described as which of the following? A. Colonists who supported independence. B. Colonists who supported the king. C. Colonists who didn’t really care about the war because British laws had little effect on their lives. D. Patriots who used violence and threats to keep people from buying British stamps.

5. What punished colonists for rebellious activities like the Boston Tea Party? A. Intolerable Acts B. Stamp Act C. Sugar Act D. Tea Act

6. How did Patriots in Georgia respond to the Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts? A. They were concerned and refused to ratify the Constitution until these acts were removed and replaced with

the Bill of Rights. B. They were upset and immediately chose delegates to the Continental Congress. C. They were angered by them and made their protests known. D. They supported them because they still had strong ties to England.

7. Georgia was A. The first colony to call for rebellion against the British. B. One of the first colonies to send delegates to the Continental Congress. C. Slower than most colonies to break with England. D. The only colony not to sign the Declaration of Independence.

8. Why were the other 12 colonies upset with Georgia before July 1775? A. They thought Georgia was responsible for the Intolerable Acts. B. No Georgian would sign the Declaration of Independence. C. Up until that time, Georgia did not seem very supportive of the revolutionary cause. D. Georgia was the only colony supporting the slave trade.

9. Georgia was more hesitant than the other colonies to break with Great Britain because A. Georgia had been attacked by other British colonies and did not trust them. B. The colony was very dependent on Great Britain for protection and trade. C. It was one of the few colonies where most people supported the Intolerable Acts. D. Georgians liked King George and thought the laws were fair.

10. Why was Georgia no longer considered a British royal colony in 1776? A. France took control of the colony. B. It became a Trust in that year. C. Spain began to rule it that year. D. It declared independence from Great Britain.

11. What was significant about Lyman Hall, Button Gwinnett, and George Walton? A. They each went to Philadelphia as unofficial representatives to the Second Continental Congress. B. They each represented Georgia at the First Continental Congress. C. They each signed the Stamp Act on behalf of Georgia. D. They each signed the Declaration of Independence on behalf of Georgia.

12. How did Georgia’s representatives to the Constitutional Convention feel about the slave trade? A. They supported it because Georgia’s plantation system needed slaves. B. They hated it because it violated people’s freedoms. C. They did not care either way because they were not slave owners. D. They were upset that there was no slave trade and passed an amendment requiring one to start shortly

after the convention.

13. What Georgian helped write the Articles of Confederation, was elected chief executive of Georgia’s patriot assembly, and eventually died as the result of a duel with a political rival? A. Elijah Clarke B. Austin Dabney C. Lyman Hall D. Button Gwinnett

14. In what year was Georgia’s first constitution adopted? A. 1763 B. 1776 C. 1777 D. 1800

15. Which of the following is true regarding Georgia’s Constitution of 1777? A. It made many colonists nervous because it gave too much power to the governor. B. The people did not trust a strong governor, so it gave the assembly most of the power. C. It did away with counties and combined Georgia into just one state. D. It was repealed once the Declaration of Independence was signed.

16. What Revolutionary War battle broke the British stronghold in Georgia? A. Siege of Savannah B. Battle of Britain C. Battle of Chickamauga D. Battle of Kettle Creek

17. Who led Georgian Patriots to victory at Kettle Creek, retook Augusta in 1781, and fought numerous skirmishes against Native Americans? A. Elijah Clarke B. Austin Dabney C. George Washington D. Nancy Hart

18. What was special about Austin Dabney? A. He was a slave who won his freedom for brave service during the war. B. He led a heroic attack during the Siege of Savannah. C. He captured several British leaders despite being wounded. D. He commanded the patriot troops who won a key victory at Kettle Creek.

19. Who was Nancy Hart? A. She was a Loyalist who had to leave Georgia after the war. B. She used her beauty to spy on British soldiers. C. She was the shy wife of a famous Patriot officer. D. She was a brave Patriot who captured British soldiers.

20. Elijah Clarke’s victory at Kettle Creek A. Boosted the morale of Georgia Patriots and halted British attempts to organize more Tories in Georgia. B. Stopped the Union’s first attempt to invade Georgia during the Civil War. C. Led to the end of Native Americans’ resistance to Indian Removal. D. Allowed Lord Cornwallis to invaded North Carolina during the revolution.

21. What did Georgia do in 1779, becoming the only one of the thirteen original colonies to do so? A. They defeated the British at the Siege of Savannah. B. They boycotted the British trade of cotton. C. They restored allegiance to the British Crown. D. They joined Cornwallis in Charleston.

22. Which of the following best describes how the American Revolution was fought in Georgia? A. It caused little violence because most of the war was fought north of Virginia. B. Slaves and women played no role in the fighting. C. Most of the fighting was between the Patriot colonists and British soldiers who arrived after the war began. D. Fighting was extremely bloody and bitter because most of the people fighting on both sides were Georgia

colonists.

23. There was much debate at the Constitutional Convention over which of the following issues? A. How many representatives each state should have in the new Congress B. The best way to end slavery C. Whether or not to declare independence D. How to change state governments

24. Why did the federal government experience financial problems while under the Articles of Confederation? A. The U.S. did not have enough natural resources to generate money. B. Congress lacked the power to tax U.S. citizens. C. The president and Congress stole from the U.S. Treasury. D. It did not give states enough money.

25. What document was created in an attempt to revise the Articles of Confederation? A. Georgia Constitution of 1777 B. U.S. Constitution C. Bill of Rights D. Declaration of Independence

26. Which Georgia statesman was appointed to the Continental Congress, was instrumental in the adoption of the U.S. Constitution, and was one of Georgia’s delegates? A. Lyman Hall B. Abraham Baldwin C. Elijah Clarke D. Button Gwinnett

27. Georgia was one of the first states to ratify the U.S. Constitution because A. It needed a central government that could provide military protection and establish trade. B. It was one of the last colonies to support the Continental Congress and needed to show the rest of the

states that it was devoted to the new government. C. Most Georgians did not want a strong central government. D. Georgia merchants in Savannah did not want to establish overseas trade too quickly.

28. How did most Georgians feel about the Constitution? A. Most were against it because they felt it gave too much power to the president. B. Most did not care because they were too busy fighting against the Creek Indians. C. Most supported it because they thought Georgia needed the national government to be strong. D. Most were against it because they did not want a powerful legislature.

29. In addition to Abraham Baldwin, what other Georgia represented the state at the Constitutional Convention of 1787? A. William Few B. Nancy Hart C. George Walton D. Austin Dabney

108. The U.S. Bill of Rights A. Consists of 10 amendments to the Constitution intended to protect citizens’ rights. B. Had to be added to the Constitution before Georgia would ratify it. C. Was opposed by people who believed in personal freedoms. D. Was the first part of the U.S. Constitution written.

Native Americans & First Europeans 1. The Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian people were: A. Southern groups who fought during the Civil War. B. Native Americans who lived in Georgia prior to European arrival. C. Settlers who lived in the Yazoo territory. D. Native American groups relocated during the Trail of Tears.

2. Who were the earliest known people to live in what is today Georgia? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

3. Which Native American group was the first to build permanent settlements? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

4. Which statement best describes the Paleo Indians? A. They built religious mounds. B. They created long-lasting pottery. C. They were a migratory people who hunted and gathered food. D. They participated in large-scale farming.

5. Which Native American group first began to plant crops and make pottery? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

6. Who were the last Native Americans to live in Georgia before the arrival of European explorers? A. Archaic B. Paleo C. Woodland D. Mississippian

7. Which Native American group lived in towns governed by chiefs? A. Paleo B. Archaic C. Woodland D. Mississippian

8. The first Europeans to explore Georgia were from which country? A. Great Britain B. Spain C. France D. Germany

9. Why did European nations explore the Americas? A. They wanted to experience new cultures. B. They wanted to find new spices. C. They needed new farmland. D. They wanted to discover gold and riches.

10. Which Spanish explorer crossed Georgia hoping to find cities of gold? A. Henry Hudson B. Ponce de Leon C. John Cabot D. Hernando DeSoto

11. Who was Hernando DeSoto? A. He was a Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs. B. He was a Spanish missionary who wanted to spread Christianity to the New World. C. He was the first Spanish explorer to enter Georgia. D. He was a Spanish soldier who established military forts on Georgia’s barrier islands.

12. What was the purpose of the Spanish missions? A. Discover gold B. Fight Native Americans C. Launch military raids against British colonies D. Convert Native Americans to Christianity

13. Hernando DeSoto’s expedition to Georgia had what effect on Native Americans? A. DeSoto built lasting alliances with Native Americans. B. DeSoto’s men killed many Native Americans with weapons and diseases. C. DeSoto stayed away from Native American lands and didn’t interact with them. D. DeSoto did not meet any Native Americans because they had already left the region. 14. Spain’s first settlements in Georgia were A. Large cities along the Chattahoochee River. B. Small communities surrounding modern-day Milledgeville. C. Forts built along the Georgia-Alabama border. D. Catholic missions on the barrier islands.

15. As a direct result of contact with European explorers, the Native American population A. Tripled. B. Declined. C. Moved away. D. Prospered.

16. What was the most devastating effect of European exploration on Native Americans? A. The spread of disease B. The introduction of weapons like guns and cannons C. The introduction of new crops and animals D. The spread of Christianity

17. Which explorer was most responsible for introducing the diseases that devastated the Native American populations in Georgia? A. Hernando DeSoto B. Hernan Cortes C. Francisco Pizarro D. Prince Henry the Navigator

18. Why did Spanish concentrate their initial colonization of Georgia along the barrier islands? A. Fear of Native Americans kept them on the islands. B. Rumors of malaria kept them close to sea. C. The land inland was not fertile. D. It was easier for ships to access the shore.

19. How did Spain feel about British and French colonies in the Georgia and the southeast? A. Spain was angry and felt defensive because they were seen as a threat. B. Spain was grateful to have other Europeans in the area to help fight Native Americans. C. Spain didn’t care about them because it was too busy establishing missions. D. Spain cooperated with them to try and convert Native Americans to Christianity.

20. Which statement BEST describes Spanish presence in Georgia after 1686? A. There wasn’t much presence because the Spanish had abandoned their missions and moved south. B. It was stable for another 100 years. C. The Spanish remained in the area but fell under the authority of British rule. D. It grew in order to resist the French and British.

Civil War and Reconstruction 1. People who opposed slavery were known as:

A. Confederates B. Sharecroppers C. Secessionists D. Abolitionists

2. Which of the following is a right of a state not to follow a federal law? A. Segregation B. Secession C. Abolitionism D. Nullification

3. Which northern state was admitted to the United States as a free state as part of the Missouri Compromise?

A. Montana B. Michigan C. Maine D. Missouri

4. The Fugitive Slave Act was added to this compromise to please Southern states: A. Georgia Platform B. Missouri Compromise C. Compromise of 1850 D. Kansas-Nebraska Act

5. What does the term “popular sovereignty” describe? A. The right of the states to vote on laws B. Abolitionism C. The right of the federal government to nullify laws D. The vote to end the Civil War

6. Which law allowed popular sovereignty in several U.S. territories? A. Georgia Platform B. Missouri Compromise C. Fugitive Slave Act D. Kansas-Nebraska Act

7. What is being described: Maine had to agree to outlaw slavery, territories wanted to become new states, abolitionists wanted to change laws?

A. Tariff of 1865 B. Missouri Compromise C. Kansas-Nebraska Act D. Georgia Platform

8. Which of the following accurately describes Alexander Stephens? A. He was a southerner who remained loyal to the Union and served as vice president under President Lincoln. B. He was a Georgian who served as vice president of the Confederacy. C. He was an intimidating politician who despised most southerners. D. He was a passionate secessionist who wanted Georgia to leave the Union immediately.

9. Georgia’s position on slavery in new territories during the mid-1800s was clearly stated in the A. Georgia Platform B. Atlanta Compromise C. Fugitive Slave Act D. Missouri Compromise

10. A southern politician who believed in the doctrine of nullification would have been most supportive of

A. Abolition. B. Crop diversification. C. A strong federal government. D. States’ rights.

11. In what way is the Kansas-Nebraska Act similar to both the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850?

A. Each was concerned with religion. B. Each was written to end the Civil War. C. Each was written by Alexander Stephens. D. Each decided the legality of slavery in new states.

12. Which statement describes the outcome of the Dred Scott case? A. The U.S. Supreme Court sent the case back to the Missouri Supreme Court. B. The Georgia court system changed the laws of Missouri. C. The U.S. Supreme Court decided against Scott. D. Missouri granted Scott the right to be free.

13. Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. He was a A. Democrat. B. Confederate. C. Independent. D. Republican.

14. Shortly after Lincoln’s election, Georgia A. Seceded from the Union. B. Seceded from the Confederacy. C. Remained loyal to the Union. D. Abolished slavery to avoid war.

15. The economy of the South depended largely on A. New technology. B. Manufacturing. C. Politics. D. Slave labor.

16. African Americans were most inspired to fight in the Civil War after A. Confederate leaders adopted the Georgia platform. B. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. C. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. D. The South fired on Fort Sumter.

17. Which of the following Civil War battles occurred in the state of Georgia? A. Antietam B. Chickamauga C. Gettysburg D. Kettle Creek

18. What was at stake in the battle of Chickamauga? A. Control of the railroad center in nearby Chattanooga. B. Access to the port city of Savannah C. Access to ammunition D. The fate of Washington, D.C.

19. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do? A. It freed all slaves in states fighting against the Union. B. It freed all slaves in the United States. C. It put Ulysses S. Grant in charge of all Union forces. D. It allowed slaves to fight in the Confederate army.

20. What battlefield was the site of a famous speech by President Lincoln? A. Chickamauga B. Kettle Creek C. Gettysburg D. Antietam

21. What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam? A. The Union troops were defeated with heavy losses. B. Sherman’s March to the Sea was a surprising victory. C. A naval blockade was in effect along Georgia’s coast. D. The Confederate advance on Washington, D.C. was stopped.

22. Who was William T. Sherman? A. He was the Confederate general who tried to invade the North twice but failed. B. He was the appointed governor of Georgia during Reconstruction. C. He was the Union general who conquered Atlanta and marched all the way to Savannah. D. He was the Union general who finally defeated Robert E. Lee and forced him to surrender.

23. What was the impact of Sherman’s “March to the Sea”? A. It convinced the South that they could win the war. B. It convinced President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation. C. It forced Robert E. Lee to evacuate Georgia. D. It left a path of destruction from Atlanta to Savannah that crippled the Confederacy.

24. What was the purpose of the Union’s blockade of Georgia’s coast? A. To destroy rail lines B. To take Atlanta C. To keep the South from trading goods by ship D. To force Lee’s surrender at Gettysburg

25. Which Georgia port city did Fort Pulaski protect? A. Brunswick B. Savannah C. Darien D. Milledgeville

26. Captured Union soldiers were sent to a notorious Confederate military prison camp located in which city in Georgia?

A. Milledgeville B. Atlanta C. Andersonville D. Savannah

27. Which of the following best describes the effects of the Civil War on Georgia? A. Small farmers suffered a great deal at the hands of the Union army, but people in Atlanta were spared any

hardship. B. The war led to whites finally accepting blacks as their equals. C. Other than soldiers dying in faraway battles, people in Georgia never really felt the effects of the war. D. Thousands of Georgians died fighting in the war while many others suffered at home.

28. The process of rebuilding the South after the Civil War was known as A. New South B. Reconstruction C. Atlanta Compromise D. Georgia Platform

29. Which of the following ended slavery throughout the United States? A. The Thirteenth Amendment B. The Fourteenth Amendment C. The Fifteenth Amendment D. The Emancipation Proclamation

30. Which amendment gave citizenship rights to freed slaves? A. 12th Amendment B. 13th Amendment C. 14th Amendment D. 15th Amendment

31. Who was the African American minister who was elected to the Georgia House of Representatives in 1868?

A. Alexander Stephens B. Henry McNeal Turner C. William Sherman D. Austin Dabney

32. Why did the Supreme Court allow Southern states to practice segregation? A. They believed it would decrease violence. B. The justices said Jim Crow laws were illegal. C. They decided it was a states’ rights issue. D. They allowed it if accommodations were “separate but equal”.

33. Which of the following helped African Americans in the South after the Civil War? A. Most white landowners B. The Ku Klux Klan C. The Freedmen’s Bureau D. Conservative Democrats

34. After the Civil War, many freed slaves became A. Farm owners B. Household servants C. Teachers D. Sharecroppers

35. How were landowners compensated by sharecroppers? A. Sharecroppers collected rent from landowners. B. Sharecroppers let landowners use their equipment. C. Sharecroppers paid a portion of their profits. D. Sharecroppers and landowners worked for no profit.

New South to World War I 1. Which of the following statements best describes the “Bourbon Triumvirate”?

A. Southern Democrats who dominated Georgia politics during the late 1800s. B. Former slaves who served in the state legislature during Reconstruction. C. Southern leaders who wanted to see the South’s culture return to the way it was before the Civil War. D. Republicans who governed Georgia during Reconstruction.

2. A small Georgia farmer who was suffering economically during the 1890s would have been drawn to which of the following?

A. The Bourbon Triumvirate B. The New South C. Populist Party D. Progressive Party

3. Who was the editor of the Atlanta Constitution who urged Georgians to create a New South? A. Tom Watson B. Rebecca Latimer Felton C. Henry Grady D. John Burns Hope

4. Which statement would Henry Grady have most likely agreed with? A. Georgians should support the Populist movement. B. Agriculture is the backbone of the South and Georgians must do more to promote small farming. C. The South must become industrialized, like the North. D. Southern culture must be protected so northerners should return to the north.

5. An advocate for the New South would have been most excited about which of the following: A. The International Cotton Exposition B. The Populist Movement C. The Suffrage Movement D. The County Unit System

6. Who led Georgia’s farmers in the Populist Party? A. Rebecca Latimer Felton B. Tom Watson C. Henry Grady D. Booker T. Washington

7. What effect did the International Cotton Exposition have? A. It demonstrated the injustice of the Jim Crow laws. B. It encouraged the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906. C. It lead to World War I. D. It demonstrated that Georgia had come out of Reconstruction ready for industry.

8. The county unit system favored A. Cities. B. Neighborhoods. C. Rural counties. D. Factories.

9. Which notable African American leader believed that blacks should strive to be intellectuals and helped found the NAACP?

A. Booker T. Washington B. Rebecca Latimer Felton C. Alonzo Herndon D. W.E.B. DuBois

10. Which of the following best describes the relationship between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois?

A. They were both leaders in the Populist movement. B. They did not like each other because they argued over poll taxes and literacy tests. C. They disagreed over what role African Americans should strive to play in society and the issue of

segregation. D. They were close friends who worked together to win racial justice for African Americans.

11. Who was the first African American president of Morehouse College and Atlanta University? A. John Hope B. Rebecca Latimer Felton C. Booker T. Washington D. Alonzo Herndon

12. The African American leader who supported a gradual approach to racial equality was A. W.E.B. DuBois. B. Martin Luther King, Jr. C. Booker T. Washington. D. Alonzo Herndon.

13. What were grandfather clauses, poll taxes, and literacy tests intended to do? A. Disenfranchise African Americans B. Discriminate against Jews C. End segregation D. Protect African American voting rights

14. A law which forbids a white man and a black man from sharing the same water fountain would be considered what?

A. A Jim Crow law B. Integration C. Disenfranchisement D. A grandfather clause

15. What was the basic premise behind the 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson? A. Women’s suffrage B. Destruction of Jim Crow laws C. Equal voting rights D. Separate but equal

16. Alonzo Herndon was an example of which of the following? A. The success of the Populist movement in Georgia B. The financial success some African Americans achieved despite racism in the early 1900s C. The important role played by the Bourbons in the New South D. The role Georgia farmers played in World War I

17. Who was the social activist that was the first woman ever to serve in the U.S. Senate? A. Nancy Hart B. Lugenia Burns Hope C. Rebecca Latimer Felton D. Nancy Reagan

18. The murder of Leo Frank was an example of A. Anti-Semitism. B. Frontier justice. C. Popular Sovereignty. D. Prejudice against African Americans.

19. The Leo Frank Case and Riot of 1906 are both examples of A. Legal segregation in Georgia. B. Outrage in Atlanta’s Jewish community over the Holocaust. C. Reactions of Supreme Court decisions striking down segregation. D. Racial ethnic tensions that existed in Georgia in during the early twentieth century.

20. Atlanta Life Insurance Company, the largest African American stock-owned insurance company in the county, was begun by which former slave?

A. Booker T. Washington B. W.E.B. DuBois C. Alonzo Herndon D. John Hope

21. Who established the Neighborhood Union to help African American citizens of Atlanta? A. Rebecca Latimer Felton B. Lugenia Burns Hope C. Alonzo Herndon D. W.E.B. DuBois

22. Which of the following was a result of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand? A. His government collapsed B. World War I began C. World War II began D. World War I ended

23. Which of the following is a reason why the U.S. decided to enter World War I? A. Mexico was planning to attack the U.S. B. German U-boat attacks made many Americans angry. C. The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary was assassinated. D. The Triple Entente kept attacking U.S. ships.

24. Which Georgia industry benefited during World War I? A. Construction B. Rice farming C. Fishing along the coasts D. Canning fruits and vegetables

25. Which of the following is true regarding Georgia’s role during World War I? A. Most Georgians who fought had to be trained elsewhere due to Georgia’s lack of military bases. B. Georgia contributed textiles and agricultural products that helped the war effort. C. The war ended before Georgia could get involved. D. Very few Georgians volunteered to fight in the war.

Great Depression and New Deal 1. A cotton farmer in Georgia right after World War I would have been most concerned about

A. The boll weevil B. Black Tuesday C. Agricultural Adjustment Act D. Populism

2. What is a boll weevil? A. Someone who buys more than they can save B. An insect that destroyed cotton crops in the South C. An African American who moved north during the 1920s D. A farmer who refused to move to the city despite hard economic times

3. Overproduction, falling stock prices, and consumerism all contributed to what? A. World War II B. The Great Migration C. The Great Depression D. The New Deal

4. Which of the following was an effect of the Great Depression on Georgia? A. Cotton prices rose. B. Public education thrived because people left farms to get an education. C. More people left the cities for rural areas. D. More people left farms and moved to the cities.

5. What impact did overproduction have on Georgia farmers? A. It caused farm prices to drop and made it difficult for farmers to get out of debt. B. It almost wiped out farmers because most of them had diversified their crops. C. It raised farm prices and made them prosperous right before the Depression. D. It had little effect on farmers because most of them did not buy stocks.

6. Which event triggered the Great Depression? A. Atlanta Riot B. Treaty ending World War I C. Stock Market Crash in 1929 D. 1938 World’s Fair

7. Which of the following is not a result of the stock market crash in 1929? A. People were forced to sell their homes. B. Businesses increased production. C. Banks ran out of money. D. Savings accounts were emptied.

8. During the Great Depression, the federal government paid farmers subsidies in an effort to A. End segregation. B. Increase cotton production. C. End overproduction. D. Buy out farms.

9. Who was president of the United States when the Great Depression began? A. Franklin D. Roosevelt B. John F. Kennedy C. Eugene Talmadge D. Herbert Hoover

10. Which of the following areas saw the greatest decrease in population during the Great Depression? A. Rural Georgia B. Atlanta C. Savannah D. Northern cities

11. Which of the following best describes President Roosevelt’s approach to dealing with the Great Depression?

A. He wanted farmers to produce more cotton so that they could get out of debt. B. He believed in using government programs to end the crisis. C. He believed that states should be responsible for solving their own problems without help from the national

government. D. He wanted the government to do as little as possible because he believed the economy would fix itself.

12. What was the name of President Roosevelt’s plan to help people during the Great Depression? A. New Deal B. Great Migration C. CCC D. Consumerism

13. Which program provided money for people who were out of work as well as retirement pay during and after the Great Depression?

A. Civilian Conservation Corps B. Rural Electrification Administration C. Agricultural Adjustment Act D. Social Security

14. Which New Deal program put young men to work preserving the nation’s national resources? A. Agricultural Adjustment Act B. Civilian Conservation Corps C. Social Security D. Rural Electrification Administration

15. Which of the following is still around today? A. Civilian Conservation Corps B. Rural Electrification Administration C. Social Security D. Tennessee Valley Authority

16. Which New Deal program helped raise the price of cotton in Georgia? A. Agricultural Adjustment Act B. Social Security Act C. Works Progress Administration D. Civilian Conservation Corps

17. How did the Agricultural Adjustment Act help Georgia’s farmers? A. It ended subsidies. B. It paid farmers to produce more cotton so they could make more money. C. It paid farmers to most to Georgia as part of the Great Migration. D. It paid farmers not to produce certain crops in an effort to raise farm prices.

18. A farmer who grows more than one crop has done what? A. Subsidized B. Overproduced C. Diversified D. Sharecropped

19. Which program brought electric power to Georgia’s farms? A. Social Security B. Rural Electrification Administration C. Civilian Conservation Corps D. Agricultural Adjustment Act

20. In Georgia, what was one of the main tasks undertaken by the Civilian Conservation Corps? A. To build many of Georgia’s state parks B. To capitalize on Georgia’s mineral resources C. To provide education to inner city youth D. To restore old houses destroyed during the Civil War

21. The New Deal came later to Georgia than many other southern areas because A. Roosevelt did not like Georgia. B. Georgians were not hit as hard by the Depression. C. Republicans were too powerful in Georgia and would not back Roosevelt’s policies. D. Governor Eugene Talmadge resisted federal intervention in state affairs.

22. Which statement is true regarding Eugene Talmadge? A. He was the biggest political hero to Georgia’s white, rural farmers since Tom Watson. B. He caused great controversy by claiming that blacks had the same rights as whites. C. He was a huge supporter of the New Deal. D. He was governor of Georgia during World War I.

23. Which of the following would FDR and Eugene Talmadge have most agreed on? A. Social Security B. Farmers needing relief during the Great Depression C. The federal government’s proper role during an economic crisis D. Georgia needing the New Deal’s programs to help it economically

24. What was a result of the Great Depression? A. Prosperity and consumerism B. World War I C. A Great Migration of African Americans to northern cities D. Increased investments in the stock market

25. Which statement explains the impact of the New Deal on Georgia? A. Georgia became a national leader in computer manufacturing. B. The programs caused many Native Americans to move out of the state and onto reservations in Oklahoma. C. Many army bases in Georgia were built in order to prepare for World War II. D. The Rural Electrification Administration caused many rural regions to receive electricity for the first time.

World War II to 1970 1. Who was the dictator who rose to power in Germany and started World War II in Europe?

A. Benito Mussolini B. Emperor Hirohito C. Adolf Hitler D. Joseph Stalin

2. Which of the following led to World War II in Europe? A. The bombing of Pearl Harbor B. The assassination of an archduke C. The rise of totalitarian leaders D. The sinking of U.S. ships off of Georgia’s coast

3. What was the purpose of the Lend-Lease Act? A. It created jobs for the slow economy. B. It improved U.S. relations with Japan. C. It protected the U.S. by arming allies that could not afford weapons. D. It started U.S. isolationism.

4. President Roosevelt promoted the policy of Lend-Lease prior to Pearl Harbor because A. He wanted to help those fighting German aggression despite public opposition to the war. B. He feared most U.S. citizens wanted a war. C. He believed Germany could become a U.S. ally. D. He did not trust either side fighting in Europe.

5. What was President Roosevelt speaking about when he referred to December 7, 1941 as, “a day which will lived in infamy”?

A. Germany’s surrender B. Beginning of World War II in Europe C. Allies invasion of Normandy D. The bombing of Pearl Harbor

6. Why did Japan bomb Pearl Harbor? A. They feared the U.S. would become allies with Germany. B. They were responding to the fact that Congress had declared war on them. C. They wanted to eventually invade the Soviet Union. D. They feared the U.S. naval fleet anchored there and wanted to destroy it.

7. What impact did Pearl Harbor have on Georgia? A. It severely hurt the state’s economy because materials were taken out of the state and used for the war

effort. B. It caused most Georgians to blame President Roosevelt for the war. C. It created support for the war and a spirit of national pride. D. It convinced most Georgians to become isolationists.

8. Which statement describes Georgia’s military importance during World War II? A. It had several natural ports. B. Many factories that built war technology were located there. C. It had a large Jewish population in Atlanta. D. It economy was historically agricultural.

9. Liberty ships were associated with A. The Brunswick and Savannah shipyards. B. Bell aircraft in Marietta. C. Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. D. Submarine warfare in the Indian Ocean.

10. What role did Bell Aircraft play during World War II? A. It produced more than 600 bombers and created new jobs in Marietta. B. It employed many civilians and gave birth to the town of Warner Robbins. C. It produced most of the ships that fought in the Pacific. D. It many of the weapons used during World War I.

11. A naval officer commanding a ship at war with the Japanese during World War II would have been indebted to

A. Eugene Talmadge B. Carl Vinson C. Tom Watson D. Herbert Hoover

12. Which of the following describes Richard Russell and Carl Vinson? A. They made sure that the federal government had little influence on what happened in Georgia during the

mid-1900s. B. Under their leadership, Atlanta became a progressive city in the 1950s. C. Their efforts helped end the New Deal in Georgia. D. They helped strengthen the U.S. military and rebuild Georgia’s economy.

13. Warm Springs is best remembered for A. The presence of a strong Jewish community in Georgia. B. Its ties to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. C. Its contributions to crop diversification on Georgia’s farms. D. Its role as an important military base during both wars.

14. What does the term “Little White House” refer to? A. The governor’s mansion in Atlanta B. Roosevelt’s vacation home in Warm Springs C. Roosevelt’s home in New York D. The portion of the White House where Roosevelt spent most of his time

15. Who was responsible for the murder of six million Jewish people? A. Benito Mussolini B. Joseph Stalin C. Adolf Hitler D. Hideki Hirohito

16. The Holocaust most impacted which of the following groups? A. Women serving in the military B. Georgia’s Jewish community C. Georgia’s prisoners of war D. Resident of port cities like Brunswick and Savannah

17. Which of the following describes a significant change in Georgia agriculture after World War II? A. Farmers began to support the Republican party. B. The state produced a greater variety of cash crops. C. Cotton was no longer produced. D. Farmers gave up producing food crops in favor of crops that could be used to produce textiles.

18. Which statement best explains William B. Hartsfield’s importance to aviation in Georgia? A. He was afraid to fly overseas. B. He worked to make planes safer. C. He began promoting aviation in the 1920s and worked to build airports in Georgia. D. He worked on moving Atlanta’s airport to a northern location.

19. Which of the following individuals would have been LEAST likely to support Mayor William Hartsfield?

A. A segregationist B. An African American business leader C. An advocate of air travel D. A white business leader

20. Which Georgia governor restored accreditation to the state university system and paid off the state debt?

A. Eugene Talmadge B. Herman Talmadge C. William B. Hartsfield D. Ellis Arnall

21. A progressive Georgian in the 1940s who wanted to end the poll tax and see African Americans treated equally would have supported which governor?

A. Herman Talmadge B. Ellis Arnall C. Eugene Talmadge D. Lester Maddox

22. William Hartsfield, Ivan Allen, Jr., and Ellis Arnall can all be accurately described as A. Democrats who supported Jim Crow laws. B. Republicans who ended the New South. C. Progressive politicians in Georgia. D. Leaders of the civil rights movement.

23. Which businessman served as mayor of Atlanta from 1962 to 1970 and brought in three of Atlanta’s professional sports franchises?

A. Eugene Talmadge B. Ellis Arnall C. William Hartsfield D. Ivan Allen, Jr.

24. All of the following professional sports franchises came to Atlanta during the 1960s EXCEPT: A. Falcons Football B. Thrashers Hockey C. Hawks Basketball D. Braves Baseball

25. Professional sports in Georgia produced which of the following? A. End of the Bourbon Triumvirate B. Birth of the New South C. Agricultural growth D. Economic growth