georgia - opening statement, closing argument manual, 2014

Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva

(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

gamomcemloba „meridiani“

Tbilisi 2014

Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva

(saxelmZRvanelo iuristebisaTvis)

OPENING STATEMENT, CLOSING ARGUMENT

(MANUAL FOR LAWYERS)

2010 wlis 1 oqtombers ZalaSi Sevida saqarTvelos axali sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, romelic qmnis SejibrebiTobis principze da-fuZnebul sistemas.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo depar-tamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT exmareba saqarTvelos moqa-laqeebs marTlmsajulebis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofaSi da sxva progr-amebis paralelurad, axal sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsze dayrdnobiT, axorcielebs specialur swavlebis programas saqarTvelos advokatebisaTvis Temaze _ `Sesavali sityva, daskvniTi sityva~.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kan-onis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkoti-kuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT. mocemuli saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia saqarTveloSi moRvawe advokatebisaTvis. saxelmZRvaneloSi gaTvaliswinebulia misi dabeWdvis peri-odisaTvis saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba da praqtika.

saxelmZRvanelos momzadeba, redaqtireba da qarTul enaze Targmna Sesa-Zlebeli gaxda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis Semdeg TanamSromelTa didi ZalisxmeviTa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobiT:

mamuka mamacaSvili (samxareo direqtoris moadgile); medea maTiaSvili (ufrosi iuristi); ana loria (ufrosi iuristi); Tea WeliZe (finansuri menejeri);

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi saxelmZRvanelos Seqmnisas gaweuli daxmarebisaTvis did madlobas uxdis Semdeg pirebsa da organizaciebs: amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis elCs riCard norlands, aseve: rob buns, aleqsandra belenkaias, iri-na parSikovas, meri griers, kristi kontaks, judiT kembels, kristin tefts,

© amerikis iuristTa asociacia

ISBN 978-9941-10-789-4

reiCel holcmans, profesor Tomas r. oqonors, maikl terners, aron fiSmans, stiven nefs, Tamar nasariZes, gvanca saurs, nata wnoriaSvils, tatiana pataraias, skot torfs, kim terners, judiT kembels, reiCel holcmans, stein lordss, Tia Svarcmans, jonaTan repings, stiven lubets, skot barnss, aSS erovnul saolqo prokurorTa asociacias, kolumbiis olqis iuridiuli daxmarebis ofiss, denis merfs, niu iorkis iuridiuli damxmarebis sazogadoebas, stefan renCs, jefri t. frederiks, uatani tiehimbas, amerikis samarTlis instituts da amerikis Seer-Tebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL).

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi gansakuTrebul madlobas uxdis baton ronald uolfsons winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos SeqmnisaTvis gaweuli didi Zalisxme-visa da Tavdauzogavi muSaobisaTvis.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uze-naesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTal-dacviTi programebis biuros (INL) teqnikuri da finansuri mxardaWeriT. saxelmZR-vanelo ar gamoxatavs àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saxelmwifo departamentis saerTaSoriso antinarkotikuli da samarTaldacviTi programebis biuros (INL) mosazrebebs.

3

In October 1, 2010 Georgia’s new Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) took effect. The Code creates a new adversarial system.

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) in Georgia with assistance and funding provided by the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) is working to help the citizens of Georgia have access to Justice under the new law and among its other pro-grams has created a program for defense attorneys in Georgia in “Opening Statements, Closing Arguments” based on the new Criminal Procedure Code.

This Manual was created by ABA ROLI Georgia with funding from the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL) for the use of Defense Attorneys. To the extent reasonably possible at the time of its printing, Georgian law and practice has been taken into consideration.

This Manual was assembled, edited or created and translated into Georgian Lan-guage by the dedicated staff members of ABA ROLI Georgia who worked diligently and long hours to create it:

Mamuka Mamatsashvili, Deputy Country Director Medea Matiashvili, Senior Staff Attorney Ana Loria, Senior Staff Attorney Tea Chelidze, Office/Financial Manager

ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks the following persons and organizations for help-ing to make this Manual possible: The U.S. Ambassador to Georgia Richard Norland, Rob Boone, Alexandra Belenkaya, Irina Parshikova, Mary Greer, Kristi Kontak, Judith Campbell, Christine Tefft, Rachel L. Holtzman, Dr. Thomas R. O’Connor, Mike Turn-er, Aaron Fishman, Steven Neff, Tamar Nasaridze, Gvantsa Sauri, Nata Tsnoriashvili, Tatiana Pataraia, Scott Thorpe, Kim Turner, Judith Campbell, Rachel Holtzman, Stein Lourdes, Tia Schwartzman, Jonathan Rapping Steven Lubet, Scott Burns, The National District Attorneys Association, The California District Attorneys Association, The Public Defender’s Office of the District of Columbia, Dennis Murphy, the Legal Aid Society of New York, Stephen Rench, Jeffrey T. Frederick, Watani Tyehimba, American Law

4

Institute and the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

The American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROLI) Georgia espe-cially thanks Mr. Ronald Wolfson for his work and efforts dedicated to the creation of this manual.

This publication is provided by the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) Georgia through support and funds provided by the Bureau of Interna-tional Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL). The opinions expressed herein are not necessarily those of the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative (ABA ROL Initiative) or the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs of the United States Department of State (INL).

© American Bar Association

5

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas

uxdis deniel linhardts. statia: `sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi~ momzadebulia

deniel linhardtis mier, àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis

iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis baton jonaTan repings, iuridi-

uli daxmarebis saswavlo centris samxreTis ofisi; iuridiuli daxmarebis

samsaxuris saswavlo programebis (centris) yofil direqtors (kolumbiis

olqi), niu orleansi, jorjiis Stati. misi statiebi: `faqtebis breinsTorm-

ingi, saqmis Teoriis SemuSaveba da ambis Camoyalibeba sasamarTlo procesze

efeqturi prezentaciisTvis,~ `klientTan urTierTobis damyareba” da `mowmis

Cvenebis mopoveba”, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi gamoyenebuli iqna batoni

jonaTan repingis nebarTviT. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis

iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos

ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi aseve madlobas uxdis NITA-s da baton stiven lu-

bets misive avtorobiT momzadebuli wignidan `Tanamedrove sasamarTlo advo-

katireba~ garkveuli nawilebis gamoyenebis nebarTvisaTvis. wigni gamocemulia

samarTlis skolis mier, sasamarTlo advokatirebis erovnuli institutis

mier 2000 wels aSS-Si da miTiTebulia Sesabamisi SeniSvnebi. aRniSnuli ma-

salis redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis stefen renCs _ mosamarTleTa

saxelmZRvanelos avtors, romlis nebarTviTac viyenebT winamdebare masalas.

naSromi redaqtirebuli da modificirebulia àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis

kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier qar-

Tul enaze.

àmerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisi madlobas uxdis vaSingtonis sazogadoebrivi dam-

6

cvelis samsaxurs, qveTavSi - `braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas~ gamoyenebuli masalis mowodebisaTvis.

redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis

uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ madlobas

uxdis maikl d. uimss, jek b. rabins da Carlz ambross. `rogor gamoviZioT

mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad

gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis ameri-

kis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxor-

cielda àmerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saavtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis

iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSve-

belia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilobrivi, an mTliani Secvla ameri-

kis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis

werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi; 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: [email protected]

7

ABA ROLI Georgia would like to thank Mr. Daniel Linhardt; Article on “Trail Advocacy Skills” was created by Daniel Linhardt for use by ABA ROLI and was edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia for use by defense attorneys in Georgia.

ABA ROLI Georgia thanks Mr. Jonathan Rapping, Southern Public Defender Training Center; Former Director of Training for the Public Defender Service (D.C.), New Orleans (post-Katrina), State of Georgia. His articles:“Brainstorming the Facts, De-veloping a Case Theory, and Creating a Story for an Effective Presentation at Trial,” “Building the relationship with your client” and “Taking a witness statement” are used in the manual by permission from Jonathan Rapping and edited and translated into the Georgian language by ABA ROLI Georgia.

ABA ROLI Georgia also thanks NITA and Mr. Steven Lubet for the sections used from Modern Trial Advocacy by Steven Lubet, Law school edition, National Institute for Trial Advocacy, 2000, USA, which are attributed and footnoted.

ABA ROLI Georgia Thanks Mr. Stephen C. Rench for permission to use his sec-tion on Voir Dire/ Jury Selection from The Rench Book by Stephen C. Rench, which was edited and translated to be used by defense attorneys in Georgia.

ABA ROLI Georgia would like to thank Public Defender’s office of Washington D.C. for the materials used in the section about “How to protect defendant’s rights during the Trial” which was edited and translated to be used by defense attorneys in Georgia.

Sections from ~How to Try a Murder Case~ by Michael D. Wims, Jack B. Rubin, and Charles Ambrose originally published by the American Bar Association. Copyright (US) 2011 American Bar Association. Translated, published and distributed under the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative Georgia. Translation Copyright (US) 2012 American Bar Association. All Rights Reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, without written permission of the American Bar Association, Manager of Copyrights and Licensing, 321 North Clark Street, Chi-cago, Illinois 60654, USA; e-mail: [email protected]

8

sarCevi

Sesavali .................................................................................................................................................................................... 13

Sesavali sityva ......................................................................................................................................... 16

Tema ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 17

ambavi/Teoria ........................................................................................................................................................................ 18

efeqturoba ........................................................................................................................................................................... 22

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi

Sesavali sityvis dros ............................................................................................................ 22

Sesavali sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze) ...................................... 28

braldebis mxare ............................................................................................................................................................. 28

dacvis mxare........................................................................................................................................................................ 36

daskvniTi sityva ..................................................................................................................................... 39

Tema ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 41

idaveT! ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41

efeqturoba ........................................................................................................................................................................... 42

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi ............................................................................ 42

ikamaTeT Tqveni saqmis Teoriaze................................................................................................................. 44

aravis ainteresebs Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi ........................................................................... 44

gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi ....................................................................................................... 45

dasviT ritorikuli kiTxvebi ........................................................................................................................ 45

gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi .................................................................................................................... 45

amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi .............................................................................................................. 46

9

gaumklavdiT sisusteebs ....................................................................................................................................... 47

amtkiceT kanonis normebi da daukavSireT faqtebi rogorc

argumentebs, ise nafic msajulTa instruqciebs .................................................................... 48

daskvniTi sityvis organizeba ......................................................................................................................... 48

daskvniTi sityva (mkvlelobis saqmeebze) ................................... 50

protesti ................................................................................................................56

unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara? ....................................................................................................................... 56

gaprotestebis dro .................................................................................................................................................... 57

SekiTxvebis gaprotesteba .................................................................................................................................... 57

mtkicebis SeTavazeba .................................................................................................................................................. 64

mowmis pasuxebi ................................................................................................................................................................ 69

braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis

samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas ...................74

wesi ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 74

zogadi wesi ......................................................................................................................................................................... 75

argumentebi konkretuli konstituciuri uflebebis

Selaxvis Taobaze .......................................................................................................................................................... 76

komentarebi imis Taobaze, rom dakavebis Semdeg

braldebulma isargebla dumilis uflebiT ................................................................................. 76

pirdapiri miTiTeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas ... 78

arapirdapiri miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas ................ 79

miTiTeba imaze, Tu rogor iqceva braldebuli s.s. saqmis

sasamarTlo ganxilvisas ....................................................................................................................................... 80

miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebulis monawileoba sasamarTlo

procesSi saSualebas aZlevs mas SeTxzas sakuTari dacvis pozicia ............ 80

10

miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iyo Tanaxma Cxrekaze ....................................... 81

miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuls hyavs an moiTxova damcveli ............................ 82

advokatis damcireba .................................................................................................................................................. 83

advokatis Seqeba ............................................................................................................................................................. 84

miTiTeba dacvis Rirebulebaze ...................................................................................................................... 84

piradi mosazrebis gamoTqma braldebulis braleulobis Sesaxeb ..................... 85

mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma an piradi mosazrebis

gamoTqma mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebiT .......................................................................................... 86

faqtebis damaxinjeba ................................................................................................................................................. 87

iseTi faqtebis xseneba, romelic ar aris saqmeSi ............................................................... 88

sxva qmedebebi, rac arRvevs braldebulis

samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas ..................................................................................................... 89

normis arasworad gadmocema ....................................................................................................................... 89

udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan dakavSirebuli normebis damaxinjeba ........... 89

kanonis normis araswori interpretacia

gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze.................................................................................... 90

mtkicebis tvirTTan dakavSirebuli kanonis

normis araswori interpretacia ................................................................................................................ 90

kanonis araswori ganmarteba ganzraxvis cnebasTan mimarTebaSi ............................ 91

mtkicebulebis araswori daxasiaTeba .................................................................................................... 91

komentarebis gakeTeba braldebulis Sesaxeb ............................................................................... 92

braldebulis dacinva an misi damcireba .......................................................................................... 92

braldebulis garkveuli epiTetiT moxsenieba .......................................................................... 93

braldebulis cnobil adamianebTan Sedareba................................................................................ 93

braldebulis `profesional kriminalad~ moxsenieba ........................................................ 94

gancxadeba, rom braldebuli saSiSia sazogadoebisTvis ............................................... 94

miTiTeba braldebulis warsulSi nasamarTlobaze .............................................................. 94

11

jgufur crurwmenebze/winaswar ganwyobebze apelireba .................................................. 95

miTiTeba rasobriv kuTvnilebaze ................................................................................................................ 96

genderul diskriminaciaze an homofobiaze apelireba ..................................................... 96

apelireba klasobriv diskriminaciaze .................................................................................................. 97

komentari regionTan dakavSirebiT ........................................................................................................... 97

religiuri xasiaTis komentarebi ............................................................................................................... 98

dacvis Teoriis dacinva an daknineba ..................................................................................................... 98

mowmis Sesaxeb miuRebeli gancxadebis gakeTeba

mowmis `matyuarad~ moxsenieba ...................................................................................................................... 99

miTiTeba imaze, rom urTierTobis specialuri xasiaTidan

gamomdinare SeuZlebelia mowmis dakiTxva ..................................................................................... 100

msxverplze/dazaralebulze apelireba ................................................................................................ 101

msajulTa dazaralebulis adgilze dayeneba .............................................................................. 102

dResaswaulebze apelireba msajulTa emociebze zemoqmedebisaTvis ................ 103

saxelmwifo braldebis poziciis gaigiveba dazaralebulTan .................................. 103

dazaralebulisa da braldebulis uflebebis Sedareba ................................................ 103

miTiTeba imaze, rom mosamarTle da braldeba (saxelmwifo)

erT mizans emsaxurebian ........................................................................................................................................ 104

zewola calkeul msajulze an msajulTa Semadgenlobaze ...................................... 105

msajulTa mowodeba `Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli funqcia,~

gaswion samsaxuri, Seasrulon sazogadoebis sindisis funqcia,

an gamoasworon sazogadoebaSi arsebuli ukanonoba ........................................................... 105

replikis uflebiT borotad sargebloba ....................................................................................... 106

winasasamarTlo Suamdgomloba ...................................................................................................................... 107

daskvna......................................................................................................................................................................................... 115

12

Sesavali1

2009 wlis 9 oqtombers, axali sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kodeqsis miRebiT, saqarTveloSi Semovida Sejibrebi-

Tobis sistema sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze. iuristebisaTvis

es udides cvlilebasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens. sasamarTlo

procesebze mosamarTleebi aRar gamoaqveyneben mtkicebulebebs

da dahkiTxaven mowmeebs. axla ukve prokuroris/advokatis saqmea

warmoadginos Tavisi saqme da dahkiTxos mowmeebi. Tu proku-

rori/advokati Tavis saqmes Tavs ver gaarTmevs, mtkicebulebebi

da Cveneba verasdros miva mosamarTlemde an nafic msajulebamde,

romlebmac saqme unda gadawyviton. axla tvirTi mTlianad mxa-

reebzea, romlebmac unda uzrunvelyon, rom maTi Suamdgomlo-

bebis mxardamWeri mtkicebulebebi mosamarTlemde an nafic msa-

julebamde mivides. maT aseve unda SeZlon, rom arasasurveli

mtkicebulebebi ar iyos ganxiluli. am mizezTa gamo uaRresad

mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorebma/advokatebma gaigon da maRal

doneze daeuflon SejibrebiTobis sistemas.

SejibrebiTobis sistemis farglebSi TiToeuli mxare war-

moadgens mtkicebulebebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, maT poziciebs

gaamyarebs. arsebobs garkveuli Tanmimdevroba, romelic am pro-

cesSi daculi unda iyos. garda amisa, arsebobs wesebi, romlebic

aregulirebs, Tu ra SeuZlia da ra ar SeuZlia gaakeTos proku-

rorma/advokatma. es wesebi imisTvis Seiqmna, rom prokurorebs/

advokatebs hqonodaT saxelmZRvanelo principebi Tavisi saqmeebis

warmodgenisas. am wesebisa da misi gamoyenebis principis gageba

warmoadgens pirvel nabijs SejibrebiTobis sistemaSi efeqtur

prokurorad/advokatad CamoyalibebisaTvis.

1 momzadebulia deniel linhardtis mier `amerikis iuristTa asocia-ciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqarTvelos ofisisaTvis. redaqtireba da Targmani ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier.

13

sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi procesis xuT arsebiT fazas

moicavs: nafic msajulTa SerCeva (Voir Dire), Sesavali sityva,

pirdapiri dakiTxva, jvaredini dakiTxva da daskvniTi sityva.

saqmis warmatebulad warmodgenisaTvis arsebiTi mniSvnelo-

ba aqvs mxaris mier TiToeuli fazis swori ganxorcielebis

meTodis codnas. mas Semdeg, rac prokurori/advokati gaigebs

da daeufleba sasamarTlo procesis sxvadasxva fazas, igi SeZ-

lebs iseTi prezentaciis gakeTebas, romelic nafic msajulebs

/mosamarTles daarwmunebs misi saqmis sisworeSi da ganawyobs

misi an misi klientis sasargeblod. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis

swavlis procesi nebismieri sxva unar-Cvevis SeZenas hgavs,

rogoricaa, magaliTad, fexburTis TamaSis swavla. pirovnebam

Tavdapirvelad fexburTis wesebi unda iswavlos da mxolod

am wesebis Seswavlisa da xangrZlivi varjiSis Semdeg SeiZleba

igi warmatebuli moTamaSe gaxdes. es ar aris procesi, sadac

adamiani wesebs swavlobs da Semdeg ubralod am wesebiT fiqris

gareSe moqmedebs. sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebi SemoqmedebiTi proce-

sia. am wesebis farglebSi warmatebulma prokurorma/advokatma

ise unda warmoaCinos Tavisi prezentacia, rom is saqmeSi arse-

bul faqtebsa da Sesabamis kanonebs moergos. prokurors/advo-

kats WeSmariti profesionalis statusi eniWeba mxolod wlebis

praqtikisa da uamravi sasamarTlo procesis Catarebis Semdeg,

sadac xdeba naswavli unar-Cvevebis daxvewa da ganviTareba.

qvemoT mocemuli masala moicavs ZiriTad informacias sa-

samarTlo procesis xuTi fazisa da maTi ganxorcielebis te-

qnikis Sesaxeb. rogorc nebismieri unar-Cvevis Seswavlis SemTx-

vevaSi, winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos mkiTxvelebs movuwodebT

moiZion sxva wyaroebi da damatebiTi masala, romelic maT

warmatebul prokurorebad/advokatebad CamoyalibebaSi daex-

mareba. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli masala saqarTveloSi

2011 wels arsebul mdgomareobas ukavSirdeba, sadac saqmeTa

umravlesobas kvlavac mosamarTle ixilavs saqmeTa erTi kat-

egoriis garda _ damamZimebel garemoebebSi Cadenili mkvlelobis

14

saqme SesaZloa naficma msajulebma ganixilon TbilisSi. arcTu

Soreul momavalSi nafici msajulebi sisxlis samarTlis saq-

meebis damatebiT kategoriebsac ganixilaven. marTalia, am sax-

elmZRvaneloSi mocemuli mravali unar-Cveva rogorc mosamarT-

lis, ise nafic msajulTa monawileobiT Catarebul sasamarTlo

procesebze gamoiyeneba, magram arsebobs arsebiTi gansxvaveba,

Tu rogor unda iyos saqme nafici msajulebisa da mosamarTlis

winaSe wardgenili.

sasamarTlo procesis mogebis an wagebis umniSvnelovanesi

faqtori erTi sityviT SeiZleba gamoixatos: momzadeba, momza-

deba, momzadeba. mas alternativa ar aqvs. saqmis mogeba procesis

mimdinareobisas Zalzed iSviaTia, is _ procesamdea mogebuli an

wagebuli. es aris sakiTxi, romlis mniSvnelobis daknineba Seu-

Zlebelia da romelsac TiToeul qveTavSi kvlavac da kvlavac

mivubrundebiT. sasamarTlo procesamde, momzadebis etapze Tqven

ayalibebT Sesaval sityvas, atarebT gamoZiebas, arCevT mowmeebs

da amzadebT am mowmeebs sasamarTlo procesisTvis. aseve, Tqven

gansazRvravT da amzadebT im nivTier mtkicebulebebs, cxrilebsa

da sxva damxmare saSualebebs, romlebsac procesis mimdinareo-

bisas gamoiyenebT. garda amisa, Tqven emzadebiT mowinaaRmdege

mxaris mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvisTvis. yvela warmatebuli

advokati girCevT _ momzadeba sasamarTlo procesze warmatebis

sawindaria.

15

Sesavali sityva 2

saqmis Sesavali sityva _ es aris sasamarTlo procesis is

etapi, rodesac prokurori/advokati axdens pirvel STabeWdile-

bas mosamarTlis winaSe an aZlierebs nafic msajulTa SerCevis

dros ukve mopovebul STabeWdilebas nafic msajulTa Semadgen-

lobis winaSe. gaiTvaliswineT, rom amisaTvis Tqven mxolod erTi

Sansi gaqvT. STabeWdileba, romelsac Tqven Sesavali sityvis

dros moaxdenT, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gahyvebaT mTeli

sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi. Sesavali sityva aseve, aris

Tqveni pirveli SesaZlebloba, uTxraT mosamarTles/nafic msa-

julebs, Tu ras exeba saqme. is sasamarTlo procesis erT-erTi

mniSvnelovani nawilia da guldasmiT unda iyos momzadebuli.

samwuxarod, Sesaval sityvas xSirad ar aqceven saTanado yur-

adRebas, rogorc sasamarTlo procesis nawils, radgan mas ar

axasiaTebs danarCeni oTxi aspeqtis msgavsi momxibvleloba. Sesa-

val sityvaSi Tqven ganaviTarebT saqmis Temas, romelsac Semdgom

sasamarTlo procesis mimdinareobisas ganagrZobT da daamuSavebT.

TemaSi Tqven unda CaaqsovoT Sesabamisi faqtebi, romlebic Tqvens

mxares sasurvel verdiqts moutans. Sesavali sityva warmoad-

gens did suraTs, romelic saSualebas aZlevs mosamarTles da

nafic msajulebs TqvenTvis swori perspeqtividan dainaxon mt-

kicebulebebi, rogoricaa, magaliTad, mowmis Cveneba. am etapze

erTi mniSvnelovani ram unda vicodeT. Sesavali sityva ar unda

Seicavdes raime yalb an SecdomaSi Semyvan gancxadebebs imis

Sesaxeb, Tu ras gviCvenebs faqtebi. aseTi praqtika ara mxolod

araeTikuria, aramed, rodesac simarTle gamoaSkaravdeba, Tqven

mosamarTlis/ nafici msajulebis TvalSi damajereblobas dakar-

gavT. prokuroris/advokatis yvelaze mniSvnelovani atributi

misi damajereblobaa da Tu is ikargeba, misi dabruneba SeiZleba

SeuZlebeli aRmoCndes. rodesac Tqven cdilobT vinme raimeSi


16

daarwmunoT, es pirovneba gadawyvetilebis miRebisas ZiriTad

faqtorad Tqvens damajereblobas Seafasebs.

Sesavali sityva sami aspeqtisgan Sedgeba: (1) Tema, (2) ambavi/

Teoria da (3) verdiqtis moTxovna.

Tema

Tema es aris erTi an ori winadadebisgan Semdgari gancxadeba,

romelic ajamebs imas, Tu ras exeba saqme. Tema mosamarTles an

nafic msajulebs uqmnis `fsiqologiur sayrdens~. mas prokuro-

ri/advokati mTeli sasamarTlo procesis ganmavlobaSi ubrunde-

ba. is pirvelad naxsenebi iqneba Sesaval sityvaSi, Semdeg masze

isaubreben mowmeebi da sabolood moeqceva daskvniTi sityvis

yuradRebis centrSi da Sekravs mTlian sasamarTlo process.

kargi Tema sayovelTao WeSmaritebebs eyrdnoba. aseTi Temebis

wyaroebia: wminda wignebi, werilebi, literatura, popularuli

gamonaTqvamebi da kulturuli gamocdileba. qvemoT mocemulia

Temebis magaliTebi:

_ `es aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb.~

_ `merabi simdidresa da bednierebaze ocnebobda, rogorc mravali Cvengani. da es aris ambavi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor aqcia braldebulma es ocneba koSmarad.~

_`fulis siyvaruli yvelanairi siborotis safuZvelia da braldebuli mocemul saqmeSi am siborotis gansaxierebaa.~

_ `es aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobisa da sxva adamianisTvis braldebis wayenebis Sesaxeb.~

_ ̀ am saqmeSi namdvili dazaralebuli TviTon braldebulia.~

pirveli STabeWdileba didxans Zlebs. Sesavali sityvis da-

17

sawyisSi miwodebuli kargi Tema mosamarTlis/nafic msajulTa

gonebaSi xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi rCeba. prokurori/ad-

vokati Temas kvlavac gaimeorebs daskvniT sityvaSi, raTa is

mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis gonebaSi SenarCundes, rodesac

isini gadawyvetilebis misaRebad imsjeleben.

Temisa da Semdgom ambis gadmocemisas, prokurorma/advokatma

unda gamoavlinos sakuTari enTuziazmi saqmis mimarT. Sesavali

sityva warmoTqmuli unda iyos damajereblad da energiulad,

rac yvelas auwyebs, rom prokuroris/advokatis pozicia ara

mxolod marTalia, aramed mas sakuTari poziciis sjera kidec.

saukeTeso faqtebi da Temac ki ver daarwmunebs mosamarTles/

nafic msajulebs, Tu prokurori/advokati Tavis saqmeSi rwmenis

demonstrirebas ver SeZlebs. karg prokurorebs/advokatebs erTi

kargi devizi aqvT: `Cven veliT am saqmeSi gamarjvebas, radgan

Cven marTalni varT.~ miuxedavad amisa, gaxsovdeT, rom Sesavali

sityva ar aris argumentaciis stadia, romlis droc procesis

bolos dgeba. garda amasa, marTalia, Tqveni devizi unda iyos is,

rom Tqveni pozicia marTalia, magram realurad Tqven arasodes

unda TqvaT `vfiqrob, braldebuli damnaSavea~ an `piradad me mi-maCnia, rom braldebuli udanaSauloa~. Tqvens mosazrebebs mniS-vneloba ar aqvs; mniSvnelovania mtkicebulebebi. Tqven SegiZliaT

TqvaT: ̀ sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT dada-sturdeba, rom braldebuls ar Caudenia is danaSauli, romlis CadenaSic brals sdeben~ an `sasamarTlo procesis dasasruls mtkicebulebebiT dadasturdeba, rom yovelgvar gonivrul eWvs miRma braldebulma petre nemsaZe mokla~.

ambavi/Teoria

ambavi _ es ubralod saqmis Teoriaa, anu sxvagvarad rom

vTqvaT, Tqveni mxaris versia imasTan dakavSirebiT, `Tu ra moxda

sinamdvileSi~. is unda iyos martivi, logikuri da Sesabamiso-

18

baSi unda modiodes saqmeSi arsebul faqtebTan da samarTlebriv moTxovnebTan. sasamarTlo procesi ramdenime mcire ambisgan Sedgeba. arc erTi mowme mTlian ambavs ar mohyveba, igi mxolod ambis im nawilze isaubrebs, romelic misTvis aris cnobili. Sesaval sityvaSi advokati warmoTqvams mTlian ambavs, romelic im mcire ambebs efuZneba, romlebzec mowmeebi isaubreben. Ses-avali sityva mosamarTles aZlevs saSualebas aRiqvas mTliani suraTi da TiToeuli mowmis mcire ambavi konteqstualurad gaiazros. is, rom Sesavali sityvis am nawils ambis moyola ewodeba, ar niSnavs, rom is faqtobrivad mcdaria. es ubralod niSnavs, rom prokurori/advokati saubrobs imaze, Tu ra moxda da imaze _ rasac procesis ganmavlobaSi mowmeebi gadmosce-men. is didad ar gansxvavdeba nebismieri sxva ambisgan, rodesac pirovneba msmenelisTvis sainteresod hyveba, Tu ra gaigona an dainaxa. prokurori/advokati, romelic Sesaval sityvas war-moTqvams, arsebiTad igives akeTebs. faqtobrivad, Sesavali si-tyvis warmoTqmisas prokurori/advokati gadmoscems ambavs ise, TiTqos rusTavelis gamzirze operasTan axlos dgas da sakuTar megobrebs uyveba imis Sesaxeb, rac mas WeSmaritad aintere-sebs, raSic mas surs sakuTari megobrebi daarwmunos da maTi mxardaWera moipovos. karg ambavs Sesaval sityvaSi ramdenime aspeqti aqvs. pirvel rigSi, ambavSi aqcenti adamianebze da ara problemebze unda iyos gakeTebuli. mosamarTlesa da nafic msa-julebs erTi ram aqvT saerTo: isini adamianebi arian da sxva raRacebs sxva adamianebis meSveobiT xedaven. aq igulisxmeba, rom warmatebuli prokurori/advokati saqmes warmoadgens, rogorc sakuTari TvaliT danaxuls. prokurorma/advokatma unda moax-dinos sakuTari klientis an dazaralebulis personificireba da igi realur pirovnebad unda gaxados. igive exeba mowmeeb-sac. Sesaval sityvaSi am adamianebs xorci unda SeesxaT, raTa, rodesac isini Cvenebis micemas daiwyeben, ukve damajerebelni iyvnen. TiToeuli monawilis personificireba saSualebas aZlevs mosamarTlesa da nafic msajulebs, rom sakuTari perspeqtividan

ukeT aRiqvan situacia, rogorc Cveulebrivma adamianebma. qvemoT

mocemulia ori magaliTi:

19

`es aris ambavi elenes Sesaxeb, romelic yovelTvis Tbilis-Si cxovrobda. igi Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis studen-ti iyo da samedicino fakultetze bejiTad swavlobda. magram yvelaferi 1 ivliss Seicvala, rodesac mas is manqana daejaxa, romelsac braldebuli marTavda. igi saxlSi midioda WavWava-Zis gamzirze, saRamos megobrebTan erTad mecadineobis Semdeg, rodesac braldebulis manqanam gzidan gadauxvia da mas daejaxa. maSin, rodesac elene swavlis dasrulebis Semdgom svaneTSi muSaobaze fiqrobda, braldebuli alkoholis bolo Wiqas mi-irTmevda xangrZlivi drostarebis Semdeg. es elenes ukanaskneli nabijebi iyo, rameTu igi adgilze gardaicvala.~

`iraklisa da daTos Soris problemebs hqonda adgili. 2010 wlis 14 ivlisis saRamos, rodesac irakli marketSi midioda Tavisi meuRlisTvis dabadebis dRis saCuqris SesaZenad, daTo mas saxlis win daxvda, quCaSi. daTo iraklis ojaxs emuqre-boda da iraklis ufro da ufro uaxlovdeboda. igi igineboda da iraklisa da misi ojaxis mimarT muqaras ganagrZobda. irak-lim daTo Tavidan moiSora. amis Semdeg, daTom iraklis muSti mouqnia, xolo iraklim ubralod Tavi daicva. miuxedavad amisa, axla irakli aq aris, sasamarTloSi warmodgenili braldebulis saxiT, imis gamo, rom TiTqos daTos mimarT Zaladoba ganaxor-ciela.~

frTxilad iyaviT da gaxsovdeT auditoria. Tu saqmes mx-

olod mosamarTle ixilavs, maSin dramatuloba ufro naklebad

saWiroa, vidre es nafic msajulTa winaSe iqneboda. mraval Sem-

TxvevaSi mosamarTleebs ar uyvarT gadaWarbebuli dramatuloba

da aman SesaZloa Tqveni pozicia daazaralos. amitom es advo-

katis mxridan dagegmvasa da SemoqmedebiT momzadebas moiTxovs.

mosamarTlis mier saqmis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi advokati aseve

unda Seecados gaigos, Tu ra saxis prezentaciebi moswons an ar

moswons mosamarTles da sakuTari gamosvlac Sesabamisad moamza-

dos. nafic msajulTa SemTxvevaSi yuradRebiT unda mousminoT

potenciuri msajulebis pasuxebs da SesaZloa Tqveni Sesavali

20

sityvis Secvlac mogiwioT imis gaTvaliswinebiT, Tu ra Tqves

msajulebad SerCeulma adamianebma maTi SerCevis dros.

warmatebuli Sesavali sityvis mesame elementi imaSi mdgo-

mareobs, rom is martivad da logikurad unda iyos organize-

buli. savaraudod, prezentaciis organizebis saukeTeso gza misi

qronologiurad gadmocemaa, radgan adamianTa umravlesoba ambis

mosmenas swored ase icnobs da amjobinebs. aseTi saxiT warmod-

genili Sesavali sityva ufro martivia gadmosacemad (proku-

rorisTvisac/advokatisTvisac) da gasagebad (msmenelisTvisac).

Sesavali sityvis Semdegi elementi mdgomareobs mosamar-

Tlis/nafic msajulTa gafrTxilebaSi, Tu ras unda elodon

isini Semdgom. mosamarTlisTvis/nafic msajulTaTvis miniSneba

imis Sesaxeb, Tu romeli Cveneba iqneba mniSvnelovani, aZlierebs

msmenelTa molodins da amaxvilebs maT yuradRebas sasamarTlo

procesis am stadiaze. qvemoT mocemulia amis magaliTi:

`braldebis mxare qeTevans gamoiZaxebs. yuradRebiT usmineT mis Cvenebas, rom TiTqos man bankis mZarcvelSi giga amoicno. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miaqcieT imas, Tu dRis ra monakveTi iyo da sad idga qeTevani.~

zemoaRniSnulis Sedegad mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs

gauCndaT molodini, rom mowmis mier bankis mZarcvelSi Tqveni

klientis amocnoba garkveul problemebTan iqneba dakavSirebu-

li. yuradReba miaqcieT imasac, rom advokatma Tavisi klienti

ara braldebulad, aramed misi saxeliT moixsenia. braldebis

mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba moaxdinos braldebulis deperson-

izacia misi braldebulad moxseniebiT, maSin, rodesac dacvis

mxare yovelTvis Seecdeba Tavisi klientis humanizebas, rogorc

wesi, misi saxelis moxseniebiT. isev da isev, gaxsovdeT Tqveni

damajerebloba, ar gaazviadoT is, Tu ras ityvian Tqveni mowmee-

bi da rogor moaxdenT mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa Cvenebebis

impiCments.

21

efeqturoba

efeqturi Sesavali sityva ar aris Zalian grZeli, magram

yvela arsebiT elements Seicavs. rekomendebulia Sesavali si-

tyva 15-30 wuTs ar aRematebodes. amaze grZel Sesaval sity-

vas mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi ar mousmenen da Sesabamisad,

Sesavali sityva araefeqturi iqneba. gaxsovdeT, rom efeqturi

Sesavali sityva ise unda iqnes gadmocemuli, TiTqos advokati

am ambavs Tavis megobrebs WavWavaZis gamzirze uyveba. cnobilia,

rom, Tu ambis moyola 30 wuTze metxans grZeldeba, nebismieri

msmeneli interess kargavs. Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom saqmis

specifikidan gamomdinare, SesaZloa warmodgenili iyos gansx-

vavebuli xangrZlivobis Sesavali sityva. magaliTad, zogierTi

saqme Zalze kompleqsuria da moiTxovs grZel Sesaval sityvas.

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi Sesavali sityvis dros

1. ar ikamaToT saqmis Sesaxeb, es daskvniTi sityvisTvis SemoinaxeT

Sesavali sityva Seicavs gancxadebebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ras

exeba saqme, da es gancxadebebi ar unda iyos argumentebi. daskvniT

sityvebSi cxaddeba faqtebi, keTdeba daskvnebi, fasdeba mowmeTa

damajerebloba da saRi azri da sxva sakiTxebi sasamarTlo pro-

cesis ganmavlobaSi gamovlenili mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze.

Sesavali sityva unda Semoifarglos mtkicebulebebiT, romle-

bic, dacvis mxaris azriT, mowmeTa CvenebebSi iqneba miTiTebuli

da saqmeSi warmodgenili nivTieri mtkicebulebebiT. SesaZloa es

wesi martivad mogeCvenoT, magram mas xSirad yvelaze gamocdi-

li prokurorebic/advokatebic ki arRveven. saukeTeso saSuale-

baa Sesavali sityvis winaswar dagegmva, dawera da Semdeg misi

gadaxedva imis dasadgenad, konkretuli gancxadeba argumentia

Tu ubralod faqti. qvemoT mocemulia misaRebi da miuRebeli

Sesavali gancxadebebis magaliTebi:

22

misaRebi

manqana 45-kilometrian Sez-Rudvis zonaSi daaxloebiT 80 kilometriT saaTSi siC-qariT moZraobda.

oficeri ganacxadebs,rom braldebuli, romelic 60 kilograms iwonis, Tavs dae-sxa da daaziana dazaralebu-li, romelic 100 kilograms iwonis.

miuRebeli

igi giJiviT atarebda da mTel saval gzas ikavebda.

saRi azri gikarnaxebT, rom oficris mtkicebas, TiTqos braldebuli dazaralebuls Tavs daesxa, adgili ar hqo-nia.

amas dro sWirdeba, magram gamocdili prokurori/advokati

advilad mixvdeba, Tu romeli argumenti unda gaaprotestos

Sesaval sityvaSi da ra aris misaRebi. kvlavac aRsaniSnavia,

rom Sesaval sityvaSi prokuroris/advokatis piradi Sexedule-

bebis Sesaxeb saubari yovelTvis miuRebelia. Sesaval sityvaSi

miuRebelia iseTi frazebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa: `me mjera~,

`vfiqrob~, `me vici~ an `Cven gvjera~. amasTan, es ara mxolod

Sesaval sityvas, aramed procesis nebismier stadiasac exeba.

analogiurad, daskvniTi sityvac ar unda Seicavdes gancxadebebs

prokuroris/advokatis Sexedulebebis Sesaxeb. advokatma unda

ikamaTos imis Sesaxeb, Tu raze uTiTebs mtkicebulebebi, da ara

Tavis pirad mosazrebebze, radgan mosamarTleebi da nafici msa-

julebi gadawyvetilebebs mtkicebulebebze dayrdnobiT iReben.

2. nu gaazviadebT mtkicebulebebis mniSvnelobas

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, prokuroris/advokatis damajereblo-

ba misi yvelaze Zvirfasi iaraRia. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac Tavis

Sesaval sityvaSi prokurori/advokati mosamarTles/nafic msa-

julebs amcnobs, rom moyvanili iqneba garkveuli mtkicebule-

bebi da amas procesis ganmavlobaSi adgili ar eqneba, igi maT

23

TvalSi damajereblobas kargavs. aseve, prokurorma/advokatma

unda icodes, rom mowinaaRmdege mxare daskvniT sityvaSi Seax-

senebs mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs, Tu ra iyo dapirebuli da

sinamdvileSi ki, ras hqonda adgili, rac prokuroris/advokatis

damajereblobas kidev ufro avnebs.

3. ifiqreT Sesavali sityvis dros nivTierimtkicebulebebis gamoyenebaze

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos erT-erTi Tavi eTmoba nivTieri

mtkicebulebebis wardgenas sasamarTlo procesis dros. magram

nivTmtkicebis mtkicebulebad daSvebamdec ki is SeiZleba Ses-

avali sityvis warmoTqmis dros iyos gamoyenebuli. SesaZloa

es iyos diagrama, foto, an Tundac ruka, romelic Sesavali

sityvis konteqstSi jdeba. zogierT SemTxvevaSi cxrilis an

diagramis gamoyenebas arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs prokuroris/ad-

vokatis poziciis axsnisaTvis. am mizniT nivTmtkicebis gamoyene-

ba Sesaval sityvas aZlierebs da kidev ufro dasamaxsovrebels

xdis mosamarTlisaTvis/nafici msajulebisTvis, ris Sedegadac

isini ukeTesad aRiqvamen procesze micemul Cvenebebs. darwmun-

diT, rom Tqveni nivTieri mtkicebuleba zustia. mcdari niv-

Tieri mtkicebuleba gaprotestebis sagani gaxdeba an Tqvens

pozicias daazianebs, Tu mtkicebulebebi Tqvens nivTmtkicebas

mxars ver aubams. Sesavali sityvis dros gamoyenebuli nivTmt-

kiceba mtkicebulebad ar daiSveba da mas msajulebi damnaSaveo-

bis an udanaSaulobis gansazRvrisas ver gaiTvaliswineben. Tu

gsurT, rom mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma Tqven mier Sesavali

sityvis dros gamoyenebuli nivTmtkiceba ganixilon, Tqven is

sasamarTlo procesze mowmis meSveobiT unda waradginoT. Tu

apirebT nivTmtkicebis gamoyenebas Sesavali sityvis dros, See-

cadeT, mowinaaRmdege mxaresTan SeTanxmdeT, rom mtkicebulebebi,

romelTa gamoyenebasac Tqven apirebT, dasaSvebia. aseTi SeTanx-

mebis miuRwevlobis SemTxvevaSi iSuamdgomleT mosamarTlesTan,

raTa man gamosces Sesabamisi ganCineba mtkicebulebis dasaS-

vebobis Taobaze. gaxsovdeT, rom mtkicebulebis dasaSvebobisa

24

Tu dauSveblobis mtkicebis tvirTi braldebis mxares ekisreba.

kerZod, gaxsovdeT sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis 72-e

muxlis me-3 nawili: `braldebis mxaris mtkicebulebis dasaSve-

bobisa da dacvis mxaris mtkicebulebis dauSveblobis mtkicebis

tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels.~

4. mzad iyaviT saqmeSi arsebuli sisusteebisaTvis

prokurori/advokati nebayoflobiT aRiarebs Tu ara saqme-

Si arsebul sisusteebs, es, saboloo jamSi, misi strategi-

uli gadawyvetilebaa, magram am variantis ganxilva, sul mcire,

aucilebelia. aseTi gadawyvetilebis miRebisas prokurorma/ad-

vokatma unda gaTvalos, misi aRiarebis miuxedavad mainc gamom-

JRavndeba Tu ara misTvis arasasurveli mtkicebulebebi.

Tu arasasurveli mtkicebuleba nebismier SemTxvevaSi gamom-

JRavndeba, maSin prokurorma/advokatma es Tavis Sesaval si-

tyvaSi unda aRniSnos. ukeTesia, Tu cnobebs arasasurveli mt-

kicebulebis Sesaxeb Tqvengan gaigeben, vidre amas mowinaaRmdege

mxare gaakeTebs. sisustis aRiareba gexmarebaT, raTa is TqvenTvis

sasurveli saxiT da konteqstSi warmoaCinoT da misi gavlena

minimumamde SeamciroT. magaliTad:

`diax, merabi 2009 wlis gamoSvebis BMBMW-s marTavda, romlis sabargulSic 50 kilogrami heroini ido, magram verc erTi mtkicebulebiT ver dadasturdeba, rom misTvis amis Ses-axeb cnobili iyo.~

sisustis imgvarad aRiareba, rom minimumamde Semcirdes misi

ziani da amavdroulad aRiarebul iqnes misi arseboba, prokuro-

ris/advokatis poziciis damajereblobas uwyobs xels. sisustis

gamotoveba da misi arsebobis ignorireba ubiZgebs mosamarTles/

nafic msajulebs ifiqron, rom prokurori/ advokati garkveul

sakiTxebs malavs, an rom igi Tavis saqmes marTebul konteqstSi

ver xedavs. Sedegad ki mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma SeiZleba

ifiqron, rom prokurori/advokati ar aris sando.

25

meore mxriv, SesaZloa meore mxare ver aTviTcnobierebs, rom

sisuste arsebobs. sisustis aRiarebiT Tqven SesaZloa miuTiToT

oponents, Tu ra mimarTulebiT warimarTeba sasamarTlo procesi.

Tu prokurori/advokati saqmeSi sisustis aRiarebas gadawyvets,

es misi Sesavali sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes. sisustiT dawyeba

an dasruleba mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs kargad amaxsovrde-

baT, maSin roca sisusteze saubari, Sesavali sityvis SuaSi mis

gulwrfelobasac usvams xazs da sisustiT miyenebul ziansac

amcirebs. adamianebi Sesavali sityvis dasawyisSi an bolos gad-

mocemul saqmis pozitiur aspeqtebs ufro imaxsovreben, vidre

sityvis SuaSi naxseneb uaryofiT sisusteebs.

5. Sesavali sityvis Sinaarsi

qvemoT mocemuli struqturuli modeli prokurors/advo-

kats Sesavali sityvis wardgenaSi daexmareba:

1. Sesavali (Tema);

2. waradgineT saqmeSi arsebuli mxareebi;

3. warmoadgineT saqmeSi gaTamaSebuli scenari:

a. sad moxda?

b. rodis (TariRi)?

g. ra dros (dRis monakveTi)?

d. rogori amindi iyo? (Tu es mniSvnelovania)

1. mohyeviT ambavi;

2. ra sakiTxi unda gadawyvitos mosamarTlem/naficma msa-

julebma;

3. romelia braldebulis damnaSaved an udanaSaulod

cnobis safuZvlebi.

am sqemis gamoyeneba prokurors/advokats daexmareba Ca-

moayalibos Sesavali sityva, romelic efeqturad gadmoscems

faqtebs da mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs gaacnobs mtkicebule-

bebs, romlebic misi rwmeniT unda iyos daSvebuli.

26

6. unda warmoTqvaT Tu ara Sesavali sityva

es ar aris SekiTxva braldebis mxarisaTvis; braldebam Ses-

avali sityva aucileblad unda warmoTqvas. Tumca, dacvis mxare

ar aris valdebuli igive gaakeTos. zogadad, dacvis mxaris mier

Sesavali sityvis gamotoveba kargi azri ar aris. mosamarTles/

nafic msajulebs ar ecodinebaT Tqveni saqmis Teoria da Sesa-

Zloa ver Caswvdnen im sakiTxebs, romlebzec Tqven braldebis

mowmeebis jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gaamaxvilebT yuradRebas.

isini aseve, SesaZloa ver Caswvdnen im sakiTxebsac, romlebze aq-

centsac Tqveni mowmeebis meSveobiT gaakeTebT. erTaderTi mizezi,

Tu ratom SeiZleba advokatma Sesavali sityva gamotovos, aris

is, rom man ar icis rogori iqneba misi dacvis strategia da

imedovnebs, rom strategiis ganviTarebas procesis mimdinareobi-

sas SeZlebs. Tu igi Sesaval sityvaSi ityvis, Tu rogori iqneba

dacvis Teoria, am Teoriis Secvla daskvniT sityvaSi kidev

ufro gaZneldeba.

daskvniTi SeniSvnebi

Sesavali sityva prokuroris/advokatis mier nafic msa-

julebze moxdenili STabeWdilebaa. pirveli STabeWdilebebi

xangrZlivi xasiaTisaa. sasamarTlo procesamde saqmis jerovani

momzadeba daexmareba prokurors/advokats warmoTqvas Sesavali

sityva, romelic mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze udides STabe-

Wdilebas moaxdens. am devizs winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi

mudmivad gavimeorebT: `momzadeba warmatebis sawindaria.~

27

Sesavali sityva

(mkvlelobis saqmeebze)3

qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulacie-bi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro metic, momavalSi saqarTvelo-Si damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxarisT-vis.

braldebis mxare

mkvlelobis saqmeebis sasamarTlo ganxilva TiTqmis ar gan-

sxvavdeba sxva sasamarTlo ganxilvebsagan. prokuroris Sesavali

sityva iseTive STambeWdavi unda iyos, rogorc filmis anonsi

(Treileri). Cveulebriv saukeTeso anonsi potenciur audito-

rias filmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan momentebs uCvenebs, yuradRe-

bas ipyrobs da, saboloo jamSi, mTliani filmis naxvis survils

aRuZravs.

braldebis mxaris Sesavali sityva ar unda iwyebodes

imgvarad, rom nafic msajulebs momxseneblis ignorirebisaken

ubiZgos (`qalbatonebo da batonebo, rasac axla mogaxsenebT,

mtkicebuleba ar aris, es gaxlavT saqmis martivi monaxazi.

3 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~, maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saa-vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saa-vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saavtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawi-lobrivi an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro ufle-bebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi: 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet. org.

28

pirvel rigSi oficer smits moviwvev, romelic mogiTxrobT~...).

Tuki mosamarTle nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs, rom Sesavali

sityva mtkicebulba ar aris, maSin saWiro aRar aris imaves

Sexseneba. prokuroris amocanaa miipyros nafici msajulebis yu-

radReba, daaviwyos axlaxan mosmenili miTiTebebi da filmisaT-

vis SeZlebisdagvarad saintereso anonsi moamzados _ iseTi,

romelic msmenels aiZulebs kinos bileTis SeZenas da ubiZgebs

gaakeTos winaswari daskvnebi filmis Sesaxeb, romlis naxvis

survilic ukve gauCnda.

ganvixiloT realuri cxovrebiseuli magaliTi uaxlesi is-

toriidan da erTmaneTs SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis ori sasamarT-

lo procesis Sesavali sityvebi _ pirvel SemTxvevaSi braldebis

mxarem waago procesi, xolo meore SemTxveva samoqalaqo saqmis

(aSS-Si nafici msajulebi ganixilaven rogorc sisxlis, aseve

samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebs) mogebiT dasrulda. mkvlelobis

saqmis procesze braldebam Sesavali sityva ase daiwyo:

`mogesalmebiT Tqveno Rirsebav, mosamarTle, b-n. koCran, b-n. Sapiro da din uelmen, Zvirfaso kolegebo, saqmis monawile mxa-reebo, braunebis ojaxis wevrebo, goldmenebis ojaxis wevrebo, simfsonebis ojaxis wevrebo, nafico msajulebo. albaT samar-Tliani iqneba, Tuki vityvi, rom dRes mTel qalaqSi yvelaze rTuli samuSao Tqvens Semdeg swored me maqvs. Tqveni davaleba cota ufro rTulia, magram Cven yvelas erTi mizani gvaqvs da es mizani marTlmsajulebis aRsrulebaa. sasamarTlo procesi xangrZlivi iqneba da minda giTxraT, rom Zalian vafasebT Tqvens monawileobas procesSi, miT umetes, rom kargad gvesmis ramde-nad rTuli SeiZleba iyos es TqvenTvis.~ 4

warmodgenili Sesavali sityvis nawilSi ramdenime mniS-

vnelovani Secdomaa daSvebuli. is zedmetad grZeli da apologe-

4 People of the State of California v. O.J. Simpson, (kaliforniis Statis mosaxleoba o. j. simfsonis winaaRmdeg) 1995 wlis 24 ianvris sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmi ixileT Semdeg veb. gverdze: http:// walraven.org/simpson/jan

29

tikuria da faqtobrivad nafic msajulebs miuTiTebs, rom saqmis

mogeba gauWirdeba (`qalaqSi yvelaze rTuli samuSao me maqvs~). Sesavali sityva mxolod erTi nawili iyo, braldebis gundis

mier daSvebuli uxeSi Secdomebis seriidan (dawyebuli iqidan,

rom politikuri mosazrebebiT sasamarTlos adgili Secvales).

am yvelafris saboloo Sedegi ki sasamarTlos mier gamotani-

li gamamarTlebeli verdiqti iyo. axla ki es Sesavali sityva

SevadaroT o. j. simfsonis winaaRmdeg warmatebuli samoqalaqo

saqmeSi mosarCele advokatis mier warmoTqmul Sesaval sityvas.

`1994 wlis 12 ivnisis saRamos, nikol braunma Tavisi 10 wlis gogona sidni da 6 wlis biWi jastini daaZina Tu ara, abazana wyliT aavso, sanTlebi aanTo da abazanis misaRebad da gantvirTvisaTvis moemzada.

9:40-ze telefonma dareka da nikolma upasuxa. deda urekavda imis saTqmelad, rom axlomdebare retoranSi, brentvudSi saT-vale darCa. 1 saaTiT adre swored am restoraSi aRniSna mTelma ojaxma sidnis cekvis koncerti. dedas ainteresebda SeeZloo Tu ara nikols meore dRes restornidan misi saTvalis wamoReba. nikolma upasuxa, rom SeeZlo da yurmili dakida. Semdeg nikol-ma restoranSi dareka da Tavazian axalgazrda mimtanTan saubari iTxova. nikolma axalgazrda mimtans sTxova dedamisis saTvale gamoeyolebina. mimtanma upasuxa, rom saTvales samsaxuris Semdeg miutanda, gzad marina del reisaken, sadac Tavis megobars unda Sexvedroda axalgazrda mamakacs ron goldmeni erqva da is 25 wlis iyo. saRamos 9:50-ze roni saTvaliT xelSi restornidan iqve mdebare saxlSi gadavida tansacmlis gamosacvlelad~. 5

Sesavali sityvis anonsi kinos formatiT daiwyo, dazarale-

bulTa personalizaciiT, wina saRamos maTi, nikol simfsonisa

da ron goldmenis cxovrebaSi ganviTarebuli movlenebis aR-

5 nawyvetebi daniel petroCelis Sesavali sityvidan, romelic Seta-nilia wignSi Joel J. Seidermann, In the Interest of Justice, Great Opening and Closing Arguments of the Past 100 Years, 6-7 (2004)

30

weriT da TandaTanobiT gadavida mkvlelTan maTi sabediswero

Sexvedris Txrobaze. mosarCelis advokatma am SemTxvevaSi brwy-

invaled isargebla arsebuli garkveuli mdgomareobiT imasTan

dakavSirebiT, rac naficma msajulebma ukve icodnen, da ris Tqmasac moelodnen advokatisagan. am droisaTvis simfsonebis

saqme Tveebis ganmavlobaSi gazeTebis pirvel gverdze ixileboda

da yvela am ambavze saubrobda; igive iqneboda advokats `titani-kis~ ambavi rom moeyola, magram mis sityvaSi ar iyo mobodiSeba,

anda wuxili imis Sesaxeb, rom msajulebis darwmuneba rTuli

iqneboda, arc zedmet saubars, an advokatisaTvis damaxasiaTebel

Txrobas moicavda. advokatma filmis Sesavali damajerebeli xe-

rxiT warmoadgina.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, garkveulwilad mkvlelobis saqmee-

bis ganxilva sxva saqmeebis ganxilvisagan gansxvavebulad xor-

cieldeba. braldebulma msxverpls an msxverplebs yvelanairi

ufleba waarTva. am dros prokurori didi cdunebis winaSe dgas,

daayenos nafici msajulebi dazaralebulis adgilas. problema

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sasamarTloebi amgvar midgomas aramarTe-

bulad miiCneven yvelaze metad Tavad mkvlelis6 poziciidan

gamomdinare. amgvarad, prokurori mudmivi dilemis winaSe dgeba:

rogor warmoTqvas Zalian STambeWdavi sityva misaRebi formiT?

pasuxi am SemTxvevaSi igivea _ gaakeTos filmis anonsi. miuxe-

davad imisa, rom dazaralebulma da misma mkvlelma erTmaneTTan

SexvedriT faqtobrivad Tavad Seqmnes filmis scenari, mkvl-

elobis filmis reJisori mainc prokuroria. scenarSi bolo

Sesworebebic swored prokurors Seaqvs, da ara mosamarTles

an advokats. prokurori iRebs gadawyvetilebas imis Sesaxeb Tu

rogor, ra TanmimdevrobiT, vin dawers da mohyveba mimzidvelad

filmis anonss _ Sesaval sityvas.

6 ix. vilsoni simonis winaaRmdeg (Wilson v. Simmons, 536 F.3d 1064,1119(10th Cir. 2008). amgvari qmedeba Cveulebriv nafic msajulebSi Tana-grZnobis gamowvevis araswor midgomad iTvleba. mkvlelobis saqmis warmodge-nili magaliTi, romelic federalurma sasamarTlom 28 U.S.C. § 2254 ganixila, SesaniSnavi magaliTia rogorc prokurorebisaTvis, aseve dacvis mxarisaTvis

31

axla ki am Tavis meore abzacSi moyvanili citata qvemoT

mocemul magaliTs SevadaroT:

`mtkicebulebebi gviCvenebs (es fraza qvemoT moyvanil yvela mtkicebulebas, Tuki aseTi iqneba, dasaSvebs gaxdis), rom si-cocxlis bolo dRes, brenda evansma Cveulebisamebr dilis 6 saaTze gaiRviZa. sicocxlis bolo dilas, Cveulebisamebr manqa-niT gaemgzavra riverfrant parkSi sarbenad. sicocxlis ukanask-nel dilas brendam manqana gaaCera da Caketa, rogorc Cveulebriv akeTebda xolme. Semdeg Cveulebisamebr mobrunda, rom sirbili daewyo _ magram brendas sicocxlis es ukanaskneli dila Cveu-lebrivi ar iyo. im diliT brendas parkSi viRac elodeboda, imitom, rom es adamiani brendas uTvalTvalebda, dasdevda da iwerda yvelafers, rasac brenda Cveulebriv dRis ganmavlobaSi akeTebda.

manqanasTan mdgar brendas uknidan viRacam Tavze mohkida xeli. xelSi qloroformSi dasvelebuli naWeri eWira. brenda ucnobis xelis mocilebas cdilobda, am dros qloroformi CaisunTqa da goneba dakarga. is 2003 wlis `ford tauras~-is markis avtomanqanaSi Catenes da parkidan samxreTiT, 17 milis moSorebiT mdebare Tavlisaken waiyvanes. garkveuli periodis Semdeg brenda gonze movida, magram aRmoaCina, rom TavlaSi sa-jinibos moajirze iyo mibmuli.

mamakaci, romelmac brenda parkidan moitaca, mis gonze mos-vlas elodeboda, radgan undoda gonze yofiliyo im dros, ris gakeTebasac mere apirebda mamakacs undoda brendas scodnoda, rom is gaaupatiures. mas Semdeg, rac kargad momzadebuli gegmis `es punqti~ daasrula, kedlidan fiwali CamoiRo da brendas yelze miabjina. Semdeg man ramdenjerme gauyara fiwali yelSi, sanam ar moswyinda. sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas brenda evansma bolos braldebuli _ jeremi lii tomasi dainaxa, romelmac fiwali CaurWo yelSi.

32

zemoT moyvanili magaliTi faqtiobrivad zustad imas akeTebs,

rac Teoriulad akrZalulia. is ubiZgebs nafic msajulebs, rom

sakuTari Tavi warmoidginon msxverplis adgilas da danaSauls

misi poziciidan Sexedon, Tumca Txrobisas gamoyenebuli ar aris

terminebi, romelTac sasamarTlo krZalavs. Sesavali sityva ase

rom dawyebuliyo: `warmoidgineT sakuTari Tavi brendas adgi-

las~ nacvlad, zemoT gamoyenebuli sityvebisa `mtkicebuleba

gviCvenebs~ _ savaraudod, warmodgenili filmis danarCen nawils

_ prokuroris sityvasa da verdiqts _ saapelacio sasamarTlo

prokurors ukan daubrunebda studiaSi gadasakeTeblad aras-

wori qcevis motiviT.

enobrivi da meToduri akrZalvebi sxvadasxva iurisdiqciaSi

sxvadasxvagvaria da prokurori valdebulia kargad icnobdes

precedentul samarTals. ra iqna CaTvlili Secdomad. ra CaiT-

vala `iZulebad, magram samarTlianad~ da marTebulad? rogorc

zemoT warmodgenili magaliTi gviCvenebs, Sesavali sityvis kar-

gad dagegmva TiTqmis yovelTvisaa SesaZlebeli, ise rom dasaS-

vebad warmoadginoT is, rac sxva SemTxvevaSi dauSvebeli iqnebo-

da. Tumca amis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, Tuki TamaSis wesebi, anda

saTamaSo moednis sazRvrebi ar iciT. amitom Sesabamisi kanonis

codna aucilebelia, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki prokurors unda rom

sazRvars misi gadakveTis gareSe miuaxlovdes.

rogorc am wignSi araerTxelaa aRniSnuli, aucilebeli ar

aris mtkicebuleba qronologiurad warmoadginoT. konkretuli

mosazrebebiT, anda teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT SesaZloa mtkice-

buleba araTanmimdevrulad miawodoT nafic msajulebs. kidev

ufro damajerebeli Sesavali sityva aris retrospeqtiuli

anonsi (sicocxlis ukanasknel dilas, brenda evansma wamliT

gabruebuli ugono mdgomareobidan gamoiRviZa da aRmoaCina, rom

TavlaSi iyo dabmuli, sadac uwin arasodes yofila. iq rogor

moxvda ar icoda, mxolod is axsovda, rom im diliT parkSi

sarbenad manqaniT gaemgzavra....~).

33

sxva SemTxvevebSi, Sesavali sityva SesaZloa amave for-

matSi erTgvar `satyuaras~ moicavdes, ufro konkretulad ki,

miuTiTebdes msajulebs, rom prokuroris saqmeSi gansakuTreb-

uli yuradReba `denTis kvalian pistolets~ miaqcion (`brenda

mkvdaria, maS, saidan unda gavigoT, rom is braldebulma mokla?

gTxovT, Zalian didi yuradReba miaqcioT teqnologiebis eqsper-

tis, doqtor brus mileris Cvenebas~). es gancxadeba ar aiZu-

lebs msajulebs daaskvnan, rom doqtori mileri braldebuls

mkvlelad cnobs, anda braldebulis damnaSaved cnobis garda

sxva alternativa ar eqneba; amis nacvlad ubiZgebs msajulebs

Tavad gaakeTon sakuTari daskvnebi, romlebic SeiZleba ukve

gakeTebulic aqvT. amgvarad, msajuli interesiT daelodeba te-

qnologiebis eqspertis Cvenebas da gonebaSi gauxardeba, rode-

sac doqtori mileris Cveneba faqtobrivad daadasturebs mis

sakuTar daskvnebs.

zogjer yvelaze efeqtur gamosvlebs musikalur kreSendos adareben, romelic TandaTanobiT zrdis tonalobasa da inten-

sivobas Sesavali sityvidan daskvniT sityvamde. kidev ufro

Sesaferisi analogi SeiZleba iyos sforcando, sadac Tavda-

pirvelad musikalur notze Zlieri aqcentis gakeTeba xdeba,

Semdeg ki misi Semcireba saboloo dasrulebamde. Sesavali sity-

vac swored notis quxilisebur dasawyiss hgavs. Semdeg bgeris

(mtkicebulebis) tonaloba mcirdeba tonis centrisaken, vidre

saboloo notamde ar daiwyebs zrdas (daskvniTi sityva).

Sesavali sityva Zalian frTxilad, mxolod yvela mtkice-

bulebis detaluri Seswavlis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. amasTan,

Sesavali sityva mxolod daskvniTi sityvis momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. im saqmeebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac sasjels na-

fici msajulebi ufardeben, Sesavali sityva sasjelis sityvis

momzadebis Semdeg unda moamzadoT. Tuki es kontraintuitiurad

mogeCvenebaT, gaiTvaliswineT Semdegi sakiTxebi:

maSin, rodesac yvela an umetesi daskvniTi sityvebisa

34

ZiriTadad im mtkicebulebis detalur mimoxilvas unda moicavdes,

romelsac efuZneba mTavari sakiTxi (brali an Seracxadoba),

Sesavali sityva zogadi unda iyos da ara yovlismomcveli an

konkretuli. iSviaTia, rom braldebam srulyofilad moamzados sityva winaswar. umetesoba efuZneba mowmis wyvetil mexsiere-

bas, mosamarTlis uars dasaSvebad cnos garkveuli mtkicebuleba

an Tundac dacvis damajerebel mowmes, romlis Cveneba kiTxvis

niSnis qveS ayenebs braldebis mxaris mowmeTa mTliani Cvenebis

utyuarobas. maSin roca prokurori cdilobs mTliani saqme

detalurad warmoadginos, misi Sesavali sityva dacvis mxares

situaciis Sejamebis gakeTebis karg SesaZleblobas aZlevs, xazs

usvavs ra, prokuroris Sesaval sityvasa da mtkicebulebebs

Soris arsebul SeuTavseblobas (prokurorma giTxraT, rom b-n

smiti mogiyvebodaT a-s, b-s da g-s, ma-gram b-n smits es saerTod

ar uTqvams!~ `prokurorma giTxraT, rom fiwalTan dakavSirebiT

serologiuri eqspertizis daskvnas gaCvenebdaT, magram mtkice-

buleba msgavs dokuments ar moicavs!). prokurori, romelic

`filmis anonsis~ SeTavazebis nacvlad, hyveba ambavs da masSi

warmogidgenT mtkicebulebas, an Cvenebas, romelic dagegmilisa-

gan gansxvavebiT mtkicebulebaTa nusxaSi ar moxvdeba, naklebad

savaraudoa, rom mowinaaRmdege mxaris Tavdasxmas gaumklavdeba.

·

filmis anonsis gamoyenebis midgoma Tavidan agvacilebs

mosawyen daskvniT sityvas, romelic Sesavali sityvis gameoreba

iqneba. Tumca, kargad momzadebuli braldebis saqme yovelTvis

mimarTuli iqneba daskvniT sityvaze. daskvniTi sityva samar-

Talwarmoebis procesis gansxvavebuli etapia da Sesabamisad,

gansxvavebuli daniSnuleba aqvs. miuxedavad imisa, rom kargad

momzadebul Sesaval sityvas SeuZlia saqme mogagebinoT, Tuki

moaxerxebT nafic msajulTa daarwmunebas mtkicebulebaTa war-

modgenamde, mas mainc ar SeuZlia mtkicebulebaTa warmodgenisas

wamoWrili kamaTisa da kiTxvebis mogvareba.

ornawilian sasamarTlo procesze (aSS praqtika), sadac na-

fici msajulebi braldebuls sasjels ufardeben, daskvniT si-

35

tyvisTan dakavSirebuli igive mosazrebebi vrceldeba sasjelis

SefardebasTan dakavSirebul saboloo sityvazec _ amas eZaxian

prokuroris saboloo sityvas, es sityva moicavs miTiTebas imis

Sesaxeb, Tu ratom unda iqnes gamoyenebuli mocemuli braldebis

SemTxvevaSi esa Tu is sasjeli. igi ar SeiZleba iyos Sesavali

sityvis gameoreba. gameoreba TiTqmis yovelTvis uintereso da

aradamajerebelia. daskvniTi sityva, iseve rogorc sasjelis Se-

fardebis etapze gakeTebuli sityva, nafic msajulebs dafiqrebi-

saken unda ubiZgebdes. es ki sasamarTlo procesamde momzadebas,

sxvadasxva sakiTxis gadanawilebas da nafic msajulTa winaSe

mtkicebulebebis warmodgenas moiTxovs.

dacvis mxare

dacvis mxares yovelTvis aqvs saproceso ufleba warmoTqvas

Sesavali sityva. dacvis mxares, aseve ufleba aqvs ar gaakeTos

Sesavali sityva iqamde, vidre ar moismens braldebis mxaris

gamosvlas, anda saerTod ar isargeblos sityvis Tqmis uflebiT.

advokatebis umravlesobas miaCnia, rom Sesavalis sityvis Tqmis

uflebaze uaris Tqma ar aris marTebuli ramdenime mizeziT.

pirvel rigSi, imitom, rom bevri eqsperti miiCnevs, rom nafici

msajulebi gadawyvetilebas swored Sesavali sityvis mosmenis

Semdeg iReben da Tuki es simarTlea, maSin mniSvnelovania, rom

daupirispirde braldebis mxares. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, Cveu-

lebriv im saqmeebSi, sadac ramdenime braldebulia, rodesac

Sesavali sityviT gamosvlisagan Tavis Sekaveba SeiZleba erT-

gvari strategia iyos imisaTvis, rom Tqveni klienti sxva bral-

debulebisagan gamoarCioT. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi, dacvis

mxare unda Seecados, rom braldebis mxaris gamosvlis Semdeg

dauyovnebliv daamyaros nafic msajulebTan kontaqti. Tundac

konkretuli dacvis mtkiceba ar arsebobdes, dacvis mxarem unda

isargeblos am SesaZleblobiT, raTa nafici msajulebis keTil-

ganwyoba da ndoba moipovos.

36

Sesavali sityva aseve gaxlavT SesaZlebloba imisa, rom

xazi gausvaT braldebis poziciis sust mxareebs. Tuki absolu-

turad ar xarT darwmunebuli imaSi, rom braldebuli Cvenebas

gaakeTebs, umjobesia amaze ar isaubroT. Tqveni Sesavali sityva

SesaZloa misi Cvenebis sanacvlod gamodges. marTalia, Sesavali

sityva dacvis mxarisaTvis SesaniSnavi SesaZleblobaa warmo-

aCinos sakuTari Tavi sando advokatad, magram gaxsovdeT, rom

potenciuri sirTuleebi (maxeebi) mainc arsebobs.

arasodes dadoT piroba, romelsac ver SeasrulebT,

radgan nafici

msajulebi amas arasodes daiviwyeben da arc gapatieben. ·

nu daiwyebT saubars samarTlebriv teqnikur detalebsa

da terminebze, romlebzec nafic msajulebs CamoeZinebaT.

dacvis mxarisaTvis sasargeblo mtkicebulebis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi,

gamoiyeneT Sesavali sityva nafici msajulebis Sexedulebis

Camosayalibeblad. zogierTi iuristis azriT, kargi iqneba Tuki

Sesavali sityva mTeli istoriis moyolas daeTmoba, miT umetes,

Tuki Txroba Tqveni erT-erTi Zlieri mxarea, aucileblad gamoi-

yeneT es SesaZlebloba. meore mxriv, ar aris saWiro komuni-

kaciis stilis Secvla mxolod imisaTvis, rom mibaZoT sxva

warmatebul advokatebs. rodesac dacvis mxarisaTvis sasargeblo

mtkicebuleba ar arsebobs, xSirad mtkicebis tvirTi, udanaSau-

lobis prezumfcia da gonivruli eWvi sasargeblo meqanizmebia,

Tuki maT saTanadod gamoyenebas SeZlebT. dacvis mxarem nafic

msajulebs unda auxsnas, rom mxolod udanaSaulobis prezumf-

cia sakmarisia gamamarTlebeli verdiqtis/ganaCenis gamosatanad.

Sesavali sityva brwyinvale droa nafic msajulebSi gonivruli

eWvis marcvlebis dasaTesad.

nafici msajulebi yvelaze didi interesiT Sesaval sityvas

usmenen da Tqvens gamosvlas mouTmenlad elian. amitom Ses-

avali sityva unda iyos lakoniuri, damajerebeli da zustad

37

pasuxobdes Temas. rekomendebuli ar aris xangrZlivi sityvis

warmoTqma, romelic ver miipyrobs nafici msajulebis interess.

mniSvnelovania, rom Sesavali sityvis repeticia winaswar gaiar-

oT, raTa Semdeg misi warmoTqma Canawerebis moSveliebis gareSe

SeZloT. swored am dros unda acnoboT nafic msajulebs, rom

udanaSaulobis prezumfcia sicocxlisunariani cnebaa. marTalia,

nafici msajulebi mosamarTlis mantiaSi ar arian gamowyobili,

magram isini arian mosamarTleebi da maTzea damokidebuli ram-

denad `cocxalia~ prezumfcia. aucilebelia nafic msajulebs

sTxovoT, rom yuradRebiT mousminon mosamarTlis miTiTebebs

udanaSaulobis prezumfciisa da gonivruli eWvis Sesaxeb. amis

Semdeg Tqvens naTqvams mosamarTlis miTiTebebi gaamyarebs. msa-

julebma unda icodnen, rom isini arian erTaderTi mosamarTlee-

bi da maT unda gadawyviton Tu vis daujeron da Sesabamisad,

gansazRvron mowmeebis sandoobis xarisxsi.

udanaSaulo adamianis dasja arc erT nafic msajuls ar unda.

Sesavali sityvisas SesaZlebloba gaqvT auxsnaT msajulebs, Tu

ratom aris barldebuli udanaSaulo da Tuki saWiroa, gaakeToT

Sedareba mowmeebs Soris. braldebuli xSirad gaTavisuflebas

Tveebis ganmavlobaSi elodeba; nafic msajulebs ki saSualeba

aqvT saxelmwifos Sesabamisi `gzavnili~ miawodon. uamravi mag-

aliTi arsebobs imisa, Tu rogor unda gakeTdes rekomendebuli

Sesavali sityva. 7

7 ix. Peter Lagarias, Effective Closing Argument (1989) (romelic mimoixi-lavs darwmunebis xelovnebas)

38

daskvniTi sityva 8

daskvniTi sityva advokatis mier mosamarTleze/nafic msa-

julebze STabeWdilebis moxdenis bolo SesaZleblobaa. amis

gamo arsebiTi mniSvneloba eniWeba imas, rom prokurorma/advo-

katma misi argumentebi logikurad da damajereblad warmoadgi-

nos. prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs unda

auxsnas, Tu ratom amyarebs sasamarTlo procesze warmodgenili

mtkicebulebebi mis mier moTxovnil verdiqts.

rogorc procesis yvela sxva stadiis SemTxvevaSi, daskvniT

sityvasac momzadeba sWirdeba. marTlac, sasamarTlo procesis

dawyebamdec ki prokurori/advokati Camoyalibebuli unda iyos

imis Taobaze, Tu rogori iqneba misi daskvniTi sityva. procesis

ganmavlobaSi prokurori/advokati adgens mtkicebulebebs, rom-

lebic mis mier winaswar dagegmil daskvniT sityvas gaamyarebs.

cxadia, Tu sasamarTlo procesi dagegmilis Sesabamisad ar

warimarTa, rac iSviaTad xdeba, prokurors/advokats daskvniT

sityvaSi cvlilebebis Setana mouwevs.

Tu prokurorisTvis/advokatisTvis yvelaferi kargad

warimarTa, daskvniTi sityvis momzadebisas igi imave Temas daey-

rdnoba, romelic Sesaval sityvaSi hqonda gadmocemuli.

Tema

daskvniTi sityvis pirveli ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi, rode-

sac mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba mTlianad Tqven-

zea mopyrobili, prokurorma/advokatma unda warmoTqvas misi

Tema (`The Hook~). am pirveli Tu ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi ise


39

unda miipyroT mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebis yuradReba, rom maT Tqveni mosmena ganagrZon. rogorc procesis sxva stadiebze aRvniSneT, pirveladi STabeWdilebebi yvelaze xangrZlivi droiT rCeba adamianis gonebaSi. daskvniTi sityvis dawyeba efeqturi Te-mis gaJRerebiT warmoadgens Zlieri dawyebis erT-erT saukeTeso saSualebas. qvemoT mocemulia ramdenime magaliTi:

`SecdomiT amocnoba. es aris saqme imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor amoicno mowmem, romelic kargad ver xedavda, Tu ra moxda 14 ivlisis Rames, braldebuli, romelsac axla cixeSi jdoma emuqreba im danaSaulisTvis, romelic ar Caudenia.~

an imave Teoriis gamoxatvis kidev erTi saSualeba:

`SecdomiT amocnobili adamiani. ramdenjer yofila, rom nac-nobi gvgonebia vinme, xeli dagviqnevia da aRmoCenila, rom vcde-bodiT? es aris saqme, sadac mowmes egona, rom viRac dainaxa, magram sinamdvileSi Secda, radgan udanaSaulo adamiani daadana-Saula.~

an sxva saqmeze:

`es aris saqme SurisZiebis Sesaxeb. braldebulma mkvleloba imis gamo Caidina, rasac mtkicebulebebi naTlad adasturebs.~

`siZulvili saSineli ram aris; mas pirovnebis dabrmaveba SeuZlia, ris Sedegadac igi saSinel qmedebebs sCadis. am saqme-Si siZulvilma braldebuls udanaSaulo kaci, batoni daviTi moakvlevina imis gamo, rac, misi azriT, daviTma mis winaaRmdeg Caidina.~

sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebis msgavsad, rogorc xe-davT, `Temis~ gamoyenebis dadgenili wesi ar arsebobs, ase rom, process SemoqmedebiTad miudeqiT.

warsulSi bevrma prokurorma/advokatma daskvniTi sityvis pirveli wuTebi mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis madlobebis gadaxdaSi dakarga. es tendencia nel-nela qreba, radgan ufro da

40

ufro meti prokurori/advokati xvdeba, rom es mosamarTleze/nafic msajulebze STabeWdilebas ar axdens da amiT isini mx-olod da mxolod `Zvirfas~ pirvel wuTebs kargaven.

idaveT!

daskvniTi sityva aris kamaTi. mosamarTles/nafic msaju-lebs ar surT moisminon TiToeuli mowmis carieli citirebebi, radgan isini ukve Cvenebis micemisas moismines. daskvniTi sity-vis mizania yvela mowmis Cvenebis erTmaneTTan dakavSireba imis saCveneblad, Tu rogor gamyarda prokuroris/advokatis mier SemoTavazebuli Teoria. unda axsenoT mowmis saxeli, rodesac misi Cvenebis im nawilze miuTiTebT, romelic Tqvens Teorias amyarebs. Tu prokurori/advokati mxolod imas gadmoscems, Tu ra Tqva TiToeulma mowmem, mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs mo-bezrdebaT da isini Seuracxyofilad igrZnoben Tavs, radgan maT ukve mousmines aRniSnul Cvenebs. Tqveni amocanaa imis warmoCena, Tu rogor ukavSirdeba Cvenebebis sxvadasxva nawili erTmaneTs Tqveni Sexedulebebis mxardasaWerad. alternativis saxiT, ro-gorc dacvis mxaris advokatma, romelsac mtkicebis tvirTi ar aqvs, Tqven SesaZloa ubralod aCvenoT, Tu rogor ar ukavSird-eba erTmaneTs mowmeTa Cvenebebi prokuroris Teoriis gasamyare-blad. es iseTi Zlieri strategia ar aris, rogorc imis Cveneba, rom braldebuli udanaSauloa, magram xSirad es erTaderTi ram aris, risi gakeTebac advokats SeuZlia.

efeqturoba

zogierTi prokurori/advokati Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi saa-TobiT saubrobs, ris Sedegadac mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Zilis ganwyoba eqmnebaT. amis gamo, Tu, saerTo jamSi, proku-rori/advokati Zlier ganacxads gaakeTebs, is mainc yuradRebis

miRma darCeba. Tu saqme uaRresad rTuli ar aris, daskvniTi

sityva 40 wuTze mets ar unda grZeldebodes. amisTvis saWiroa,

rom dacvam sityva ise moamzados, rom yuradReba mniSvnelovan

sakiTxebze gaamaxvilos. metic, ar gadatvirToT mosamarTle/

41

nafici msajulebi saqmeSi arsebuli umniSvnelo detalebiT, maT isini ar gaaxsendebaT da Tqven ki riskze midixarT, rom am um-niSvnelo faqtebis ganxilvisas TqvenTvis umTavresi argumentebi daikargos.

strategiulad gasaTvaliswinebeli sakiTxebi

gadaxedeT Tqven Sesaval sityvas. Tqven masSi garkveuli aRniSvnebi da Temebi gamoiyeneT. gaimeoreT isini. Tu Tema bral-debulis SecdomiT amocnoba iyo, maSin es Tema unda gaimeoroT. marTlac, SegiZliaT mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs SeaxsenoT kidec, Tu rogor TqviT Sesaval sityvaSi, rom amas mtkiceb-ulebebi daadasturebda. magaliTad, `rogorc Sesaval sityva-Si mogaxseneT, es aris saqme SecdomiT amocnobis Sesaxeb. b-ni melaZe arakvalificiuri gamoZiebis msxverplia, radgan cxadia, rom saxeze gvaqvs aradamajerebeli amocnoba. samwuxarod, poli-cia saqmis daxurviT ufro iyo dainteresebuli, vidre misi swori gziT gamoZiebiT.~

an sxva saqme braldebis perspeqtividan, korumpirebul mox-elesTan dakavSirebiT:

`es aris saqme moxelis Sesaxeb, romelsac sakuTari xeli gamowvdili hqonda ara xelis CamorTmevis, aramed sxvebis jib-eebSi Cayofis mizniT.~

ikamaTeT Tqveni saqmis Teoriaze

Tqvens Sesaval sityvaSi mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs Tqve-ni Teoriis Sesaxeb moaxseneT. axla dadga imis axsnis dro, Tu ratom damtkicda Tqveni Teoria procesze ganxiluli mtkiceb-ulebebis meSveobiT. konkretul Cvenebebze da/an nivTmtkicebebze miTiTebiT CamoayalibeT ambavi, romelic warmoaCens, rom Tqvens Sesaval sityvaSi mocemuli Tema procesis mimdinareobisas da-dasturda. es moicavs sxvadasxva mowmis Cvenebebidan konkretu-li nawilebis moyvanas. qvemoT mocemulia amis ganxorcielebis

mokle magaliTi.

42

korumpirebuli moxelis saqmeze:

`sasamarTlom moismina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba da naxa nivT-mtkicebebi, romlebic aSkarad adastureben, rom melaZe korum-pirebulia. sasamarTlom moismina q-ni nanas Cveneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor uxdida igi qrTams braldebuls restornis gasaxs-nelad nebarTvis misaRebad. man detalurad isaubra, Tu rogor uTxres nebarTvis asaRebad misvlisas, rom braldebulisTvis 20000 lari unda gadaexada, Torem saWiro nebarTvas verasodes miiRebda. man sasamarTlos moaxsena, rom es restorani misi cxovrebis ocneba iyo. misi gancxadebiT, mas SeeZlo am Tanxis gadaxda, radgan misi biZa aSS-Si gardaicvala da garkveuli Tanxa uanderZa. misi Cvenebis gasamyareblad braldebam warmoad-gina nanas sabanko Canawerebi, sadac Cans, Tu rogor aris 2010 wlis 26 aprils 20000 lari gatanili.

nanas TqmiT, man braldebuls Tanxa naRd fulad gadauxada. Tqven aseve giCvenes braldebulis sabanko angariSebi, romlebic asaxavs 2010 wlis 29 aprils 10000 laris Setanis faqts, da rogorc bankis warmomadgenelma mowmem ganacxada, misi balansi 1000 lars arasodes aRemateboda.

braldebam aseve warmoadgina ramdenime mowmis Cveneba, rom-lebmac isaubres braldebulis mier 2010 wlis aprilis bolos maTgan ganxorcielebuli Sesyidvebis Taobaze. am Sesyidvebis mTliani Tanxa 9300 lari iyo.

sasamarTlom aseve moismina lali CalaZis Cveneba, romelic gaxlavT im dawesebulebis buRalteri, sadac braldebuli muS-aobda. misi gancxadebiT, braldebulis Tviuri xelfasi 400 lari iyo da man misi gancxadebis dasturad dawesebulebis Canawerebi warmoadgina.

saidan hqonda braldebuls amdeni fuli? Tumca mtkicebis

tvirTi braldebis mxares awevs, braldebulma, romelmac Cveneba

misca, veraviTari axsnaganmarteba ver moitana, rac raime saxis

dokumentaciiT gadamowmdeboda.~

43

aravis ainteresebs Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi

Tqveni piradi mosazrebebi mtkicebuleba ar aris. mosamar-Tle/nafici msajulebi saqmes imis mixedviT ar gadawyveten, rom erTi an meore mxare miiCnevs, rom is marTalia. mosamarTle/na-fici msajulebi saqmes mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze gadawyveten. mxarem unda Tqvas, rom mtkicebulebebiT dasturdeba, rom bral-debuli bankidan gamoqceuli mZarcveli iyo, an rom mtkiceb-ulebebis Tanaxmad mowme ver SeZlebda im piris amocnobas, vinc bankidan gamorboda.

gamoiyeneT nivTieri mtkicebulebebi

adamianebis umravlesoba informacias Tvalebisa da yurebis meSveobiT aRiqvams. fsiqologiuri eqsperimentebiT damtkicebu-lia, rom adamianebi orjer ufro met informacias imaxsovreben, Tu am informacias erTdroulad rogorc smenis, ise danax-vis gziT iReben. Tqven unda gamoiyenoT procesis ganmavlobaSi mtkicebulebebad daSvebuli nivTmtkicebebi daskvniTi sityvis dros. Tumca, procesze dauSveblad cnobili nivTmtkicebebis, an im nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba, romelic ar iqna gamokvleuli sasamarTlo gamoZiebis dros, verdiqtis safuZvli ver iqneba.

vizualuri mtkicebulebebis gamoyeneba ufro sainteresos xdis prokuroris/advokatis gamosvlas mosamarTlis/nafici msa-julebis TvalSi. nivTmtkicebebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia mov-lenaTa qronologiis, ZiriTadi faqtebis, fulis moZraobis kalkulaciebis warmoCenisa da mravali sxva daniSnulebiT, rom-lis mniSvnelobis xazgasmac prokurors/advokats surs mosamar-Tlis/nafici msajulebisTvis.

rodesac nivTmtkicebebze isaubrebT, yuradReba maTken unda gqondeT mipyrobili. Tu nivTmtkicebebs maTi ganxilvis Semdeg an manamde gamoamJRavnebT, Tqven aRar mogismenen, radgan mosamar-Tle/nafici msajulebi yuradRebas nivTmtkicebebze gadaitanen. dafareT nivTmtkicebebi manam, sanam maTze saubars daiwyebT, xolo maTi gamoyenebis dasrulebisTanave TvalTaxedvis ares

moacileT.

44

dasviT ritorikuli kiTxvebi

ritorikulia kiTxva, romelsac pirovneba svams, magram masze

pasuxs ar moelis. msmenelisTvis pasuxi kiTxvidan gamomdinare

naTeli unda iyos. aseTi saxis kiTxvebi SesaZloa gamoyenebuli

iyos Tqven mier mowinaaRmdege mxaris poziciaSi ZiriTad na-

klovanebebze yuradRebis gasamaxvileblad. mosamarTle/nafici

msajulebi am kiTxvebs sasamarTlo procesebis mimdinareobisas

pasuxs ver gascemen, magram prokuroris/advokatis mizania isini

maT mexsierebaSi darCes. qvemoT mocemulia ori magaliTi, erTi

braldebis, xolo meore dacvis mxaris perspeqtividan.

`am saqmeSi braldebulma Ramis 2 saaTze manqaniT gaiara iq, sadac ori kvartalis iqiT policiam daapatimra erTi mamakaci, romelsac 20 kilogramis wonis 5 Sekvra heroini aRmoaCnda. braldebuli kalatozia, magram Tavis manqanaSi aRmoaCnda kon-verti, romelSic 20000 aSS dolari ido. saidan aqvs kalatozs amxela Tanxa drois am periodSi? ratom iqneboda amave kacis manqanis ukana savarZelze heroinis kvali aRmoCenili, Tu igi narkotikebis biznesSi ar iqneboda CarTuli da gayidvac sul axali ganxorcielebuli ar eqneboda?~

`sad aris mkvlelobis iaraRi? Tu braldebis Tanaxmad b-ma melaZem marTlac mokla nana, ver SeZlebda policia iaraRis pov-nas mis saxlSi, manqanaSi an sadme sxvagan, sadac igi imyofeboda? hkiTxeT sakuTar Tavs, Tu ratom ver moiyvana braldebam erTi mowmec ki, romelic ityoda, rom b-ni melaZe imave oTaxSi imy-ofeboda, sadac nana mokles. rodidan gaxda danaSaulis Cadenis midamoebSi yofna danaSauli?~

gamoiyeneT analogiebi an ambebi

zogjer saqmeSi danaSaulis pirdapiri mtkicebulebebi ar

arsebobs. pirdapiria mtkicebuleba, rodesac vinmes SeuZlia ga-

nacxados, rom dainaxa braldebuli, Tu rogor tovebda igi

mowmis saxls misi (mowmis) nivTebiT. zogjer mxolod iseTi mt-

45

kicebulebebi arsebobs, romlebsac iribi mtkicebulebebi ewode-ba. iribia mtkicebuleba, rodesac saxezea faqtebi, romlisganac mosamarTlem/naficma msajulebma daskvna unda gamoitanon. magal-iTad, qurdobis msxverpls gansakuTrebulad uCveulo qurTuki hqonda da igi saxlSi didi raodenobiT naRd fuls inaxavda. erekles, romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi umuSevari iyo, danaSau-lis CadenaSi edeba brali. igi qurdobidan meore dRes dainaxes, Tu rogor xarjavda uamrav fuls da rogor iyo gamowyobili dazaralebulis qurTukSi.

mosamarTlis/nafici msajulebisTvis imis saCveneblad, Tu raoden Zlieri mtkicebulebebi arsebobs saqmeSi, prokurorma SesaZloa analogia gamoiyenos da ganacxados:

`es saqme im situacias waagavs, rodesac daZinebis dros ca mowmendili iyo da dReebis ganmavlobaSi ar uwvimia. diliT gaRviZebisas ki aRmoaCenT, rom irgvliv yvelaferi svelia da xeebidanac ki wyali wveTavs. Tqven ar ginaxavT rogor gawvimda, magram sruliad darwmunebuli xarT, rom Ramis ganmavlobaSi iwvima.~

amtkiceT Tqveni Zlieri mxareebi

es braldebisa da dacvis mxares Tanabrad exeba. cxadia, rom prokuroris SemTxvevaSi mtkicebis tvirTi mas akisria da man unda amtkicos braldebulis damnaSaveoba da ara is, rom bral-debulis axsna-ganmartebebi saR azrs aris moklebuli. orive mxaresTan mimarTebaSi gacilebiT damajerebelia, Tu aCvenebT, ratom xarT marTali, vidre imaze miuTiTebT, rom meore mxare cdeba. rodesac yuradRebas mxolod meore mxaris sisusteze amaxvilebT, imis STabeWdilebas qmniT, rom Tqveni mxare sustia. advokats amis gakeTeba mxolod erT konkretul SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia, rodesac mas araviTari damadasturebeli mtkicebuleba ar aqvs. am SemTxvevaSi igi aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc braldebu-lis warmomadgenels, mas arafris mtkiceba ar sWirdeba, da rom mtkicebis tvirTi braldebas akisria. es aris susti dacvis poziciidan Tavis daZvrenis gza. gaxsovdeT, rogorc winamdebare

46

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul sxva wesebTan mimarTebaSi, advokatma unda gadawyvitos, rodis unda gamoiyenos isini da rodis ara.

gaumklavdiT sisusteebs

ar ifiqroT, rom Tqvens poziciaSi arsebul sisusteebs gaeqceviT. Tqveni mowinaaRmdege mxare maTze namdvilad gaamaxvi-lebs yuradRebas. ori ZiriTadi mizezi arsebobs imisa, Tu ratom unda moaxdinoT reagireba Tqvens sisusteebze: pirvel rigSi, mosamarTle/nafici msajulebi problemas TqvenTvis misaRebi per-speqtividan aRiqvamen. amas politikosebi `TqvenTvis sasurveli kuTxiT danaxvas~ uwodeben.

es wesi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania prokurorebis SemTx-vevaSi, radgan isini pirvelebi gamodian da rodesac dacvis mxare am sakiTxebs Tavis daskvniT sityvaSi Seexeba, maT mosamarTles/nafic msajulebs es sakiTxebi sakuTari TvaliT unda daanaxon. Tumca, sisusteebs dacvis mxarec unda gaumklavdes. advokatis yvelaze mniSvnelovani aqtivi misi damajereblobaa. sisustis aRiarebiT advokati qmnis STabeWdilebas, rom igi gulwrfeli adamiania, romlis ndobaca da dajerebac SeiZleba. Tu mosamar-Tle/nafici msajulebi fiqroben, rom Tqveni ndoba SeiZleba, imedia isini movlenaTa ganviTarebis Tqvens versiasac gaiziare-ben. magaliTad,

`marTalia, rom b-ni gelaSvili im manqanas marTavda, sadac narkotikebi aRmoaCines, magram Tqven misgan moismineT, rom igi gulkeTili adamiania, romelic Tavis manqanas xSirad sxvebs aTxovebs xolme. narkotikebi manqanis sabargulSi iyo da vin icis, ramdeni xani? adamianebi sabarguls ar amowmeben, sanam man-qanaSi Casxdebian. narkotikebi iq viRac sxvam Cado, romelic b-ni gelaSvilis manqanis Txovebasa da narkotikebis daniSnulebis adgilze mitanas mogvianebiT gegmavda. amave dros, am pirovnebam icoda, rom narkotikebTan erTad ver daiWerdnen.~

Tu Tqvens poziciaSi Zlieri mxareebic arsebobs, Tqveni sisustis axsnaganmarteba daskvniTi sityvis SuaSi unda gakeTdes.

47

rogorc sasamarTlo procesis sxva stadiebze, Tqveni daskvniTi sityva unda daiwyoT da daasruloT Zlierad!

amtkiceT kanonis normebi da daukavSireT faqtebi rogorcargumentebs, ise nafic msajulTa instruqciebs

amtkiceT kanonis normebi, romlebic Tqvens pozicias exmareba da am process faqtebi daukavSireT. nafic msajulTa instruqcie-bi xSirad kanonis yvelaze naTeli ganmartebebia, romelTac mosamarTle nafic msajulTaTvis gaakeTebs da romelTac Se-sabamisad udidesi wona da avtoriteti aqvs. moaxdineT maTi citireba da gamoxateT isini sxva sityvebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom mosamarTleTa umravlesoba nebas ar dagrTavT instruq-ciis zusti teqstis Semcveli slaidi an cxrili waradgi-noT, SeqmeniT `fauer foinTis~ slaidebi an cxrilebi nafici msajulebisaTvis daskvniT sityvaSi gansaxilvelad, romlebic Tqveni argumentebisa da poziciis mxardamWeri instruqciebis zust „perifrazirebas“ moaxdens.

daskvniTi sityvis organizeba

daskvniTi sityva zogadad garkveul organizebas eqvemde-bareba, Tumca es SesaZloa saqmis garemoebebidan gamomdinare icvlebodes.

a. Tema.

b. sakiTxi (ra unda damtkicdes moqmedi kanonebis Sesabam-isad, raTa braldebuli damnaSaved iyos cnobili).

g. ra moxda sinamdvileSi da mtkicebulebebi, romlebic Tqvens Teorias amyarebs. es unda moicavdes Tqveni mowmeebis Cvenebas, nivTmtkicebebs, mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeTa aRiare-bebs da saR azrsa da SesaZleblobebze miTiTebebs.

d. axsna-ganmarteba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom aris meore mxaris pozicia susti. magaliTad, aCveneT, Tu sad ver SeZles mtkicebulebebma braldebulis bralis warmoCena. es moicavs

48

meore mxaris mowmeebis Cvenebebze ieriSis mitanas da sa-varaudod, ritorikuli SekiTxvebis gamoyenebas. sityvis am nawilis dasawyisSi Tqveni poziciis sust mxarezec isaubreT. Tu braldebuls dacvis pozicia ar warmoudgenia, prokurors amis komentireba ar SeuZlia, radgan aseTi komentari proce-sualuri darRveva iqneba. braldebuls sasamarTlo procesze arasodes arafris gakeTeba ar evaleba, radgan misi bralis damtkiceba mxolod da mxolod prokuroris mtkicebis tvir-Tia.

e. ganixileT mtkicebis tvirTi da is, Tu rogor gaswia an ver gaswia is braldebam (narkotikebis zemoT mocemuli saqmis magaliTze amtkiceT, rom braldebas unda daemtkice-bina, rom braldebuli narkotikebs SecnobiT flobda, Tumca braldebam es ver SeZlo). miuTiTeT, rom prokurorma unda daamtkicos danaSaulis yoveli elementi da damnaSavis vi-naoba gonivrul eWvs miRma standartiT, da Tu ratom ver gaswia man es tvirTi yovel faqtTan mimarTebaSi, an rom ver daamtkica Tqveni klientis braleuloba.

v. moiTxoveT TqvenTvis sasurveli verdiqti. prokuroris SemTxvevaSi es iqneboda braldebulis yvela punqtiT damna-Saved cnoba. advokats SeuZlia moiTxovos yvela punqtiT udanaSaulod cnoba. Tumca, advokats sxva variantebic aqvs, rogoricaa udanaSaulod cnoba zogierT punqtTan mimarTeba-Si, an damnaSaved cnoba ufro msubuqi braldebiT. magaliTad, es SesaZloa moxdes saqmeSi, sadac naTelia, rom braldebulma dazaralebuli mokla, magram dacvis mtkicebiT es iyo ara ganzrax mkvleloba, aramed afeqtur mdgomareobaSi Cadenili danaSauli, rodesac braldebulma dazaralebuli braldebu-lis meuRlesTan erTad dainaxa.

z. saboloo daskvniTi sityvis dros Tqven ukanasknelad geZlevaT SesaZlebloba mimarToT sasamarTlos/nafic msaju-lebs. daxarjeT dro gasagebi, mokle da gonivruli prezen-taciis mosamzadeblad, radgan swored momzadebazea damokide-

buli Tqveni warmateba.

49

daskvniTi sityva 9 (mkvlelobis saqmeebze)

qvemoT moyvanili sakiTxebi efuZneba amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis marTlmsajulebaSi arsebul praqtikas da qarTvel mkiTxvels SesaZloa ucxod moeCvenos is unarebi da regulacie-bi, rac ganxilulia xsenebul masalaSi, Tumca, saxelmZRvanelos SemdgenelTa azriT, maTi warmatebiT gamoyeneba saqarTveloSi dRes ukve SesaZlebelia. ufro metic, momavalSi saqarTvelo-Si damkvidrebuli sasamarTlo praqtikis Sedegad, es sakiTxebi ufro metad aqtualuri gaxdeba braldebisa da dacvis mxarisT-vis.

am etapamde mosasvlelad dasawyisidan dasasrulamde san-

doobis sakiTxi ukve yvelaferi gaakeTeT. winaswar moamzadeT

yvelaferi da gansazRvreT, Tu ra Suamdgomlobebis dayeneba

iqneba saWiro. dawereT damajerebeli pasuxebi mowinaaRmdege

mxaris Suamdgomlobebze. winaswar gansazRvreT mowinaaRmdege

mxaris savaraudo Tavdasxmis samizne sakiTxebi da moamzadeT

mtkicebulebebi da argumentebi am Tavdasxmebis sapasuxod. amav-

droulad, yuradRebiT moamzadeT mowmeebi da winaswar icodiT,

Tu ras da rogor ityoda sasamarTloze TiToeuli mowme. mox-

erxebulad airideT Tavidan problematuri nafici msajule-

bi. ostaturad moamzadeT da warmoadgineT Sesavali sityva,

romelic ar moicavda imaze met dapirebas, vidre realurad

SegeZloT gagekeTebinaT. mowmeebis gamoZaxebis Tanamimdevroba

9 `rogor gamoviZioT mkvlelobis saqme~ maikl d. uimsi, jek b. rabini da Carlz ambrosi, pirvelad gamoica amerikis iuristTa asociaciis mier. saa-vtoro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2011). Targmani, gamocema da gavrceleba ganxorcielda `amerikis iuristTa asociacia kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ (ABA ROLI) saqarTvelos ofisis mier. Targmnis saav-toro ufleba ekuTvnis amerikis iuristTa asociacias (aSS. 2012). yvela saa-vtoro ufleba daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis teqstis nawilo-brivi, an mTliani Secvla amerikis iuristTa asociaciis saavtoro uflebebisa da garigebebis ganyofilebis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe; misamarTi: 321 North Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654, USA; el. fosta: copyright@abanet. org.

71 Gerry

Spence, Win Your Case 224 (ST. MARTIN’S 2005)

50

imgvarad gansazRvreT, rom nafici msajulebis interesi gamo-

gewviaT. TvalnaTliv warmoadgineT Tqveni pozicia. gaanalizeT

ra Tqveni pociziis susti mxareebi, SeecadeT agexsnaT nafici

msajulebisaTvis, Tu ratom iyo isini umniSvnelo. Tqven mier

Catarebuli jvaredini dakiTxva gamanadgurebeli iyo. saboloo

jamSi, nafici msajulebi darwmundnen, rom Tqven mier miwodebu-

li informacia simarTle iyo. sasamarTlo ganxilvis ganmavloba-

Si yovelTvis pirdapiri da sando iyaviT da nafici msajulebi

absoluturad sando pirad aRgiqvaven. axla ki droa, mTeli am

xnis ganmavlobaSi gaweuli samuSao logikur Sejamebamde mi-

iyvanoT daskvniT sityvaSi. daskvniTi sityva ar iqmneba cariel

adgilas. es aris Sejameba yvelaferi imisa, rac aqamde xdeboda

saqmesTan dakavSirebiT. `daskvniTi sityvis meSveobiT SeiZleba

moigoT iseTi saqme, romelic Tavidanve ar iyo wagebuli. Tumca

meore mxriv, kargad warmarTuli saqme SeiZleba swored im fa-

talur bolo wuTebSi waagoT~.

mkvlelobis saqmeebSi, daskvniTi sityvis dros gamoyenebuli

sasamarTlo unar-Cvevebis principebi TiTqmis igivea, rac nebis-

mier sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze. faqtobrivad daskvniTi sity-

vis mTavari principebi TiTqmis identuria samoqalaqo saqmeebSi

gamoyenebuli principebisa (aSS praqtika). rogori unda iyos

daskvniTi sityva:

saintereso;

logikuri;

kargad dagegmili;

vizualurad TvalsaCino (gamoyenebul iqnes su-

raTebi da sxva TvalsaCino masala);

damajerebeli;

ar iyenebs sityvas `me~;

iyenebs sityvas `Cven~ an `mtkicebuleba~;

Sesavali sityvisa da saqmis masalebis Sesabamisi;

aqvs Tema;

ganmartavs Tqvens sust mxareebs;

51

momzadebulia/gadmocemulia martivi eniT (moeri-

deT samarTlebrivi terminebis xmarebas);

moicavs miTiTebebs nafici msajulebisTvis;

xazs usvams mowinaaRmdege mxaris sust mxareebs;

agebulia gonivrulad da emociurad;

lakoniuri;

Seicavs bunebriv moZraobebsa da Jestebs;

gulwrfeli;

Tavdajerebuli;

pasuxobs nafici msajulebis nebismier kiTxvas

(magaliTad upasuxeT Tqvens sakuTar ritorikul kiTxvebs);

gulisxmobs braldebulis CarTulobas (proku-

rors SeuZalia miuTiTos braldebulze, dacvis mxares

SeuZlia Seexos mas);

damajerebeli;

sruldeba Zlieri argumentis xazgasmiT.

sxva saxis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi gamoyenebuli kargi

daskvniTi sityvis teqnika TiTqmis yovelTvis vrceldeba mkv-

lelobis saqmeebzec. ra Tqma unda, arsebobs standartuli si-

tyvebi, romlebic zogjer cota gansxvavebulia.

gansxvavebebi SeiZleba moicavdes Semdegs:

miTiTeba imis Sesaxeb, rom Tqveni mowmeebis Cvene-

bebi gamyarebulia damoukidebeli, miukerZoebeli mtkiceb-

ulebebiT (nivTieri an dokumenturi mtkicebulebebiT, an

sxva miukerZoebeli TviTmxilvelis meSveobiT);

xazgasmulia Tqveni oponentis mowmeebis mier

faqtebis SeTxzvis (gayalbebis) motivebi;

(braldebis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imis Sesaxeb,

Tu ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba sando da miukerZoebeli;

(dacvis mxarisaTvis) ganmarteba imasTan dakav-

SirebiT, Tu ratom aris iribi mtkicebuleba araswori

interpretaciis sagani;

52

danaSaulis Cadenis motivis arsebobis an ararse-

bobis xazgasma;

Tqveni eqsperti mowmeebis namuSevris xazgasma da

Tqveni oponentis eqsperti mowmeebis codnis, meTodebis, an

daskvnebis xarvezebis warmoCena/xazgasma;

SeaxseneT nafic msajulebs ̀ denTis kvaliani iara-

Ris~ momentebi, romlebic SesaZloa dafiqsirda sasamarT-

lo ganxilvisas (Tqveni oponentis gancxadebebi, romlebic

ar iyo dasabuTebuli, anda ewinaaRmdegeboda mtkicebule-

bebs;

jvaredini dakiTxvis dros gamovlinda, rom mowme

tyuils ambobda da sxva);

(braldebis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZle-

blobas Seaxsenos nafic msajulebs (dawesebuli sazRvrebis

farglebSi) dazaralebulis, adamianis gardacvalebis, dana-

Saulis simZimis Sesaxeb;

(dacvis mxarisaTvis) iyenebs yvela SesaZleblobas,

raTa braldebuli ar warmoaCinos, rogorc saxifaTo adamiani.

Sesavali sityvisagan gansxvavebiT, daskvniT sityvaSi unda

gakeTdes mniSvnelovani mtkicebulebis Rrma da detaluri mi-

moxilva da analizi. mas Semdeg, rac auditoriam filmis anonssa

da ZiriTad nawilebs uyura, Tqveni amocanaa daarwmunoT isini,

raTa moamzadon filmis Sinaarsis Sesabamisi daskvna. Tuki am

momentamde Tqveni prezentaciebi ostaturad/kargad iyo momza-

debuli, praqtikulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom daskvniTi sityva

ukve mzad gaqvT. nafici msajulebi ukve mouTmenlad elian fil-

mis dasasruls, marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebas da Sesabamisi

daskvnis momzadebas. Tqveni mizania daarwmunoT nafici msajule-

bi. darwmuneba ufro rTuli iqneba, Tuki nafici msajulebi us-

amarTlod uxeSad an utaqtod CagTvlian. arsebobs ori mizezi,

ris gamoc SeiZleba advokats gaawyvetinon sityva, anda miscen

disciplinuri gafrTxileba. esenia: faqtebis an damnaSaveobis, an

udanaSaulobis Sesaxeb piradi azris gamoxatva (`me vfiqrob....~)

da mowinaaRmdege mxareze pirovnuli Tavdasxmis ganxorcieleba.

53

aSS-s uzenaesi sasamarTlo ixilavda saqmes, romlis drosac

prokurori da advokati daskvniTi sityvis dros arasworad

moiqcnen10. dacvis mxarem daskvnebisa da Sejamebis gakeTeba ase

daiwyo: `braldebis mxarem saqme arasamarTlianad warmoadgina.

dasawyisidan am momentamde braldebis mxaris gancxadebebi mimar-

Tuli iyo Tqveni gonebis araswori mimarTulebiT mowamvlaze.

braldebis mxarem ganzrax damala gamamarTlebeli mtkicebuleba

da `uRirsad~ `moiqca~. amasTan, dacvis mxarem pirdapir gaakeTa

miniSneba prokuroris magidaze da ganacxada: `garwmunebT, rom

am sasamarTlo darbazSi aravis, maT Soris, arc am magidasTan

msxdom batonebs sjeraT, rom bili iangs apkos motyueba hqon-

da ganzraxuli~. prokurorma dacvis mxaris amgvar Sejamebaze

protesti ar gamoTqva (aSS sasamarTlo praqtikis mixedviT,

daskvniTi sityvebi Semdegi rigiTobiT warmoiTqmeba: braldeba

_ dacva _ braldeba), magram sapasuxo sityvaSi gamoexmaura

dacvis mxaris braldebas imis Sesaxeb, TiTqos braldebis mxare

Tavad ar iyo darwmunebuli sakuTar poziciaSi: `dacvis mxarem

ganacxada, rom sasamarTlo darbazSi damswre sazogadoebidan

aravis hgonia, rom b-n iangs apkos motyueba hqonda ganzraxuli.

mogaxsenebT, rom darbazSi mec viyavi da me... mjera, rom mas

ganzraxuli hqonda apkos motyueba. Tuki pirad STabeWdilebebze

saubari nebadarTulia, maSin Tqven Tavad mTxoveT gamomeTqva

Cemi azri~. am momentSi kamaTSi sasamarTlo CaerTo: `naTelia,

rom orive mxare valdebulia nafici msajulebis winaSe kamaTi

Sesabamisi sazRvrebis farglebSi gamarTon. mxareebis qceva Sez-

Rudulia. mosamarTleebis mier sasamarTlo darbazSi kontrolis

SenarCuneba sazogadoebis interess warmoadgens da es interesi

ar unda dairRves mxareTa mier qcevis wesebis darRvevis gamo.~

dacvis mxarem, prokuroris msgavsad, Tavi unda Seikavos piradi

mosazrebebis gamoTqmisagan saqmis warmodgenis procesSi. mxareTa

aseTi qceva sasamarTlo darbazSi Seuferebeli da dauSvebelia.

mosamarTlem romelime mxaris mier qcevis wesebis darRvevaze

dauyovnebliv unda moaxdinos reagireba... unda gaviTvaliswinoT,

10 United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1 (1985). (aSS iangis winaaRmdeg)

54

rom prokurori da advokati kamaTisas Tanabrad eqvemdebarebian

zogad SezRudvebs.... prokurorze piradi Tavdasxmebis akrZalva,

mxolod nawilia im didi valdebulebisa, romelic dacvis mx-

ares gaaCnia. is valdebulia moeridos `RvarZlianobas~ mowi-

naaRmdege mxaresTan urTierTobaSi, sasamarTlo procesis dros

da kamaTisas Semoifarglos arsebuli mtkicebulebebiT. mkacrad

aris miRebuli, rom advokatma Tavi unda Seikavos mowinaaRmdege

mxaris pirad maxasiaTeblebsa da Taviseburebebze miTiTebisagan.

prokuroris mier dacvis mxareze Tavdasxma aramarTebulia da

amgvari Tavdasxmisagan Tavis Sekaveba erTmniSvnelovnad vrcel-

deba maszec11.

11 ix. igive 9-10 gv.

55

protesti12

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsidan na-

Teli ar aris, ra saxis protestis dayenebaa dasaSvebi da ro-

dis aris es SesaZlebeli. amitom, winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi

ganxiluli iqneba amerikul sasamarTloebSi aprobirebuli pro-

testis saxeobebi. aseve gaanalizebuli iqneba TiToeuli pro-

testis arsic, raTa prokurorma/advokatma SeZlos mosamarTles

auxsnas, Tu ratom unda dakmayofildes misi protesti.

unda gavaprotestoT Tu ara?

raimes gaprotestebamde prokurorma/advokatma unda gadawyvi-

tos, saWiroa Tu ara protestis dayeneba. protestis xSirad

gamoTqmam SesaZloa Seqmnas STabeWdileba, rom Tqven raimes da-

malvas cdilobT an simarTlis gamoaSkaravebas uSliT xels. aseve

SesaZloa isec moxdes, rom SekiTxva protests eqvemdebarebodes,

magram Tqven Tavi SeikavoT. aris Tu ara informacia, romlis mis-

aRebadac SekiTxva daisva, azrs moklebuli? Tu, magaliTad, mowi-

naaRmdege mxare mowmes ekiTxeba misi sacxovrebeli da samuSao

adgilis an msgavsi faqtebis Sesaxeb da Tu am faqtebis Sesaxeb

mxareebi ar davoben, pasuxi nebismier SemTxvevaSi, imis miuxedavad,

swored iqneba dasmuli SekiTxva Tu ara, mainc gamJRavndeba. mag-

aliTad, Tu advokati mowmes ekiTxeba: `Tqven cxovrobT faliaS-

vilis quCis #34-Si meoTxe sarTulze, xom asea?~ SekiTxva aras-

worad aris dasmuli, is mimaniSnebeli da rTulia. ra Tqma unda,

Tqven SegiZliaT gaaprotestoT am safuZvliT, Tumca aseT pro-

tests didi Sedegi ar mohyveba, radgan, saboloo jamSi, Tqveni

mowinaaRmdege mxare Secvlis SekiTxvis formas da mainc miiRebs

pasuxs dasmul kiTxvaze. amasTan, mocemuli informacia ar aris

imdenad mniSvnelovani, rom misi gaprotesteba Rirdes.


56

gaprotestebis dro

mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorma/advokatma araswori SekiTx-

va manamde gaaprotestos, sanam mas mowme upasuxebs. marTalia,

araswor SekiTxvaze pasuxi SesaZloa moixsnas da nafic msa-

julebs ganemartoT, rom es pasuxi ar gaiTvaliswinon, magram

nafici msajulebis mier mosmenili arasasurveli infomacia Sesa-

Zloa mainc saziano iyos mxarisaTvis. rogorc ki advokati

miiCnevs, rom SekiTxva arasworia, igi unda wamodges da Tqvas

`vaprotesteb~, raTa mosamarTle darwmundes, rom advokatis

azriT SekiTxva arasworia. amis Semdeg advokatma protestis

samarTlebrivi safuZveli unda miuTiTos. gaprotestebis Semdeg

mosamarTlem unda gadawyvitos, protesti safuZvliani iyo Tu

ara. Tu is safuZvliani iyo, maSin mowme aseTi formulirebis

SekiTxvas ver upasuxebs. Tu protestTan dakavSirebiT damatebi-

Ti argumentebis wamoyenebaa saWiro, mosamarTles miuaxlovdiT

da argumentebi iq waradgineT ise, rom naficma msajulebma es

argumentebi ver gaigonon. CainiSneT argumentebi da mosamarT-

lis gadawyvetilebis safuZveli, Tu misi gasaCivreba dagWirdaT.

cxadia, oficialur Canawers sasamarTlo sxdomis mdivani gan-

axorcielebs.

SekiTxvebis gaprotesteba

1. iribi Cveneba _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis gamocdileba

es aris SemTxveva, rodesac mowmes sTxoven Cveneba misces

iseT sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, ris Sesaxebac mas uSualo codna

ar aqvs. magaliTad, bankis Zarcvis Cvens saqmeSi, Tu mowme ar

ganacxadebs, rom 14 ivliss igi WavWavaZis gamzirze imyofeboda,

maSin es protests eqvemdebareba. Tu mowme am TariRze da Zarc-

vis dros iq ar imyofeboda, maSin mas Cvenebis micema mxolod

imas-Tan dakavSirebiT SeuZlia, rac sxvam uTxra. nebismier dros,

rodesac mowmes SekiTxvas dausvamen da dadgindeba, rom mas

faqtis uSualo codna ar aqvs, iribi Cveneba unda gaprotestdes.

57

am protestis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom mowmis pasuxis

simarTlis gadamowmeba jvaredin dakiTxvaze SeuZlebelia. magal-

iTad, Tu mowmis Cvenebis Tanaxmad, daTom mas uTxra, rom gior-

gim banki gaZarcva, rogor SeZlebs dacvis mxare iseTi faqtebis

dadgenas, Tu sad idga daTo, ramdenad Sors idga igi, rogori

iyo ganaTeba, uSlida Tu ara raime mis mxedvelobis ares, iyo

Tu ara daTo axlomxedveli da a.S.

am SemTxvevaSi advokati wamodgeba da ambobs: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva irib Cvenebas Seicavs.~

saqarTveloSi iribi Cveneba dasaSvebia. Tumca, es mxolod

maSin aris dasaSvebi, rodesac aseT Cvenebas sxva mtkicebuleba

amyarebs. Tu ara, maSin iribi Cvenebis Semcveli Cveneba unda

gaprotestdes. Tu iribi Cvenebis Semcvel Cvenebas sxva mtkiceb-

uleba amyarebs, mowmis pasuxis iribi Cvenebis safuZvelze gapro-

testebas sasamarTlo ar daakmayofilebs. am saxelmZRvanelos

aucilebeli rekomendaciaa, rom jvaredin dakiTxvaze advokatma

dauyovnebliv gamoarkvios iribi Cvenebis safuZveli. Tu es aris

saqme, romelSic arsebuli Cvenebis Tanaxmad, viRacam, TiTqosda,

raRac dainaxa, Seteva iseT sakiTxebze unda amaxvilebdes yur-

adRebas, rogoricaa pirovnebis zusti adgilmdebareoba danaxvis

momentSi, ganaTebis pirobebi, mxedvelobis aris SezRudva da a.S.

gaiares Tu ara manqanebma, avtobusebma da satvirToebma mowmesa

da subieqts Soris da dafares Tu ara maT mowmis mxedvelo-

bis are? Tu asea, ra sixSiriT da ra xangrZlivobiT? subieqti

CrdilSi xom ar imyofeboda? rogoria pirovnebis mxedveloba

_ Sorsmxedvelia, axlomxedveli, astigmatizmi xom ar awuxebs,

daltoniki xom ar aris, Cveulebriv atarebs Tu ara saTvales,

romel mxares iyo mze an quCis ganaTeba? muSaobda Tu ara quCis

yvela ganaTeba? Cautarda Tu ara mas Tvalebze gamokvleva da ra

iyo am gamokvlevis Sedegi? ras akeTebda pirovneba zustad im

momentamde, rodesac, misi mtkicebiT, incidenti dainaxa? ra xnis

ganmavlobaSi grZeldeboda incidenti? incidentis mere ramdeni

xnis gasvlis Semdeg miiRo mowmem informacia? dalia Tu ara

58

mowmem raime incidentamde, ra dalia, ramdeni da incidentamde

ramdeni xniT adre? iRebda Tu ara mowme raime medikaments, ras,

ra doziT da risTvis? moixmarda Tu ara mowme narkotikebs,

romels, ra raodenobiT da rodis? wina RamiT ramdeni xnis gan-

mavlobaSi eZina mowmes? ras akeTebda mowme TiTqosda inciden-

tis danaxvamde da sxva ramiT xom ar iyo dakavebuli? ra asakis

aris mowme da rogoria misi fizikuri mdgomareoba? Tavi xom ar

stkioda, gaciebuli xom ar iyo, Tvalebi wyliani xom ar hqonda

an sicxe xom ar awuxebda? Tu laparakia SemTxvevaze, romelSic

pirovnebam, savaraudod, raRac gaigona, zemoT CamoTvlilis gar-

da SekiTxvebi unda exebodes imas, Tu molaparake subieqtisgan

ra daSorebiT idga igi, xom ar awuxebs mas smenasTan dakavSire-

buli problemebi, gamokvleula Tu ara odesme misi smena da

ra iyo am gamokvlevis Sedegebi, rogori iyo garSemo arsebuli

xmauris done? im periodSi, rodesac, pirovnebis mtkicebiT,

man raRac gaigona, raime xelis SemSlel xmaurs xom ar hqonia

adgili, rogoricaa satvirTo manqanebis gavla, gamvlelTa mxri-

dan yvirili? saubris garkveuli epizodebi CurCuliT xom ar

warimarTa ise, rom igi saubris am epizodebs ver gaigebda? ro-

gori iyo saubarSi Cabmuli monawileebis saxis gamometyveleba?

rogori iyo saubris toni? icvleboda Tu ara saubris toni da

Tu ki, ra dros da rogor?

zemoT CamoTvlili magaliTebi ar aris amomwuravi. advokati

am SemTxvevaSi mowmes ekiTxeba im patara detalebis Taobaze,

romlebTan dakavSirebiTac jvaredin dakiTxvaze is pirovneba

unda daekiTxa, romelmac TiTqosda incidenti dainaxa an gaigona.

imis Sansi, rom iribi Cvenebis mimcemma mowmem am SekiTxvebze yve-

la an umetesoba pasuxebisa icodes, Zalze mcirea. mowmes aseve

unda hkiTxoT, vinme sxvisgan xom ar gaigona, rasac hyveba, Tu

uSualod TviTon am pirovnebisgan moismina yvelaferi. es Sesa-

Zloa sammagi an oTxmagi iribi Cvenebis SemTxveva iyos. aseT Sem-

TxvevaSi warmoiSoba damatebiTi kiTxvebi am sxva pirovnebebTan

da maT damajereblobasTan dakavSirebiT. prokurorma/advokatma

SesaZloa eqspertic ki gamoiZaxos ambis ramdenime piris mier

59

xelaxal moyolasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis da Sesabam-

isad, SesaZlo Secdomebis daSvebis gansaxilvelad. marTlac, Tu

sasamarTlo procesze gamocxadebul mowmes yvela SekiTxvaze

pasuxi aqvs, es TavisTavad Zalze saeWvoa da imaze uTiTebs, rom

mTavari mowme arasodes apirebda sasamarTlo procesze Cvenebis

misacemad gamocxadebas. jvaredini dakiTxvis dasasruls proku-

rorma/advokatma sasamarTlos unda sTxovos iribi Cvenebis Sem-

cveli mowmis Cvenebis dauSveblad cnoba, Tu mis mier gacemuli

pasuxebis Sedegad irkveva, rom informacia, romelsac mowme

gvawodebs, aradamajerebelia.

arsebobs amerikis uzenaesi sasamarTlos saqme kroufordi vaSingtonis winaaRmdeg (124 S.Ct. 1354). kroufordis saqmeze sa-samarTlom daadgina, rom, rodesac saqme ara Cvenebis tipis

mtkicebulebebs (iseTi mtkicebulebebi, rogoricaa TiTis anabe-

Wdebi, dnm, a.S.) exeba, dapirispirebis debulebis Sesaxeb aSSs

konstituciis Sesworebis safuZvelze, sasamarTlos SeuZlia

diskreciuli uflebamosilebis gamoyeneba aseTi mtkicebule-

bebis sandoobis dasadgenad. `Tumca, rodesac ganxilvis sakiTxi

mowmeTa Cvenebebia, meeqvse Sesworeba imaves moiTxovs, rasac

saerTo samarTali _ jvaredini dakiTxvis SesaZleblobas. es

sandoobis erTaderTi maxasiaTebeli, romelsac konstituciuri

moTxovnebis dakmayofileba SeuZlia, radgan TviTon konstitu-

ciiT gaTvaliswinebuli iseTi saSualebaa, rasac dapirispireba

hqvia.~ saqarTvelos konstituciaSi dapirispirebis debulebis

msgavsi araferia. Tumca, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kod-

eqsis Tanaxmad, braldebuls garantirebuli aqvs samarTliani

sasamarTlo da yovelTvis SeiZleba imis mtkiceba, rom mTavar

mowmesTan dapirispirebisa da misi jvaredini dakiTxvis uflebis

gareSe sasamarTlo procesi ar SeiZleba iyos samarTliani. ada-

mianis uflebaTa evropuli konvenciis Tanaxmad, yvelas aqvs

samarTliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba (muxli me-6 _ samar-

Tliani sasamarTlo ganxilvis ufleba _ 1. samoqalaqo ufle-

baTa da movaleobaTa gansazRvrisas an wardgenili nebismieri

sisxlissamarTlebrivi braldebis safuZvlianobis gamorkvevisas

60

yvelas aqvs gonivrul vadaSi misi saqmis samarTliani da saqveyno

ganxilvis ufleba kanonis safuZvelze Seqmnili damoukidebeli

da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlos mier. sasamarTlo gadawyvetile-

ba cxaddeba saqveynod, Tumca mTel sasamarTlo procesze an mis

nawilze presa da sazogadoeba SeiZleba ar dauSvan, demokrati-

ul sazogadoebaSi moralis, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis an erovnu-

li uSiSroebis interesebidan gamomdinare, agreTve, rodesac

amas moiTxovs arasrulwlovanTa interesebi an mxareTa piradi

cxovrebis dacva, an ramdenadac, sasamarTlos azriT, es mkacrad

aucilebelia gansakuTrebuli garemoebebis arsebobisas, rodesac

saqveynooba zians miayenebda marTlmsajulebis interesebs).

2. bundovaneba es aris protestis saxeoba, romelsac, rogorc wesi, jva-

redini dakiTxvis dros vxvdebiT. mas Cveulebriv is prokurori/

advokati gamoTqvams, romelmac mowme pirdapir dakiTxvaze dah-

kiTxa. misi mizania mowmis dacva, raTa ar gamoCndes, rom man

ar icis raze saubrobs, an rom mas SecdomaSi Sehyavs vinme. am

situaciaSi protestis safuZveli unda iyos Semdgi: SekiTxva

sakmaod bundovania, mowmes gauWirdeba pasuxi gasces mas. magali-

Tad, `mZarcveli maRali iyo?~ maRali SedarebiTi cnebaa, radgan

vinme erTi pirovnebisTvis SesaZloa maRali iyos, da meoresTvis

_ ki ara. sxva saxis bundovani SekiTxvebi: iyo Tu ara pirovneba

mdidari, dabali, msuqani, lamazi, swrafad morbenali an nela

mosiarule, iyo Tu ara iq bevri fuli, iyo Tu ara is Senoba

didi, saxli patara, didi ZaRli da a.S. sxva sityvebiT rom

vTqvaT, nebismieri SekiTxva, romlis pasuxzec adamianebs Sei-

Zleba gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebi hqondeT. jvaredin dakiTxvaze

kiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda daisvas: `iyo Tu ara mZarcveli erTi

metrisa da 62 santimetris simaRlis?~ an Tundac Ria dabo-

loebis: `ra simaRlis iyo mamakaci, romelic Tqveni gancxadebiT

bankis mZarcvelia?~

prokurorma/advokatma bundovani SekiTxva aucileblad unda

gaaprotestos, radgan aseTi saxis kiTxvaze mowmem, Tavisi az-

61

riT, SesaZloa swori pasuxi gasces, magram sinamdvileSi jvare-

din dakiTxvaze gamoCndes, rom igi arazust informacias iZleva/

cruobs. magaliTad:

k: bankis mZarcveli maRali iyo?

p: diax.

gamoZaxebulia mowme, romelmac braldebuli gazoma da misi

Cvenebis Tanaxmad, braldebulis simaRle 1 metri da 58 santi-

metria. Tu mowme dabali pirovneba iyo, SesaZloa mas mosCvene-

boda, rom 1 metri da 58 santimetri maRalia. meore mxriv, Tu

mowme kalaTburTeli iyo, maSin 1 metrsa da 58 santimetrs

dabal simaRled CaTvlida. am SekiTxvis dasmis nebarTvis SemTx-

vevaSi SesaZloa Camoyalibdes mcdari STabeWdileba, rom mowmem

mamakaci SecdomiT amoicno.

kidev erTi magaliTi:

k: Zarcvidan meore dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens restoran-

Si didi odenobiT fuli daxarja, ara?

p: diax.

k: Tumca, im dRes b-ma petriaSvilma Tqvens dawesebulebaSi

mxolod 20 lari daxarja, ara?

p: diax.

k: magram Tqven TqviT, rom man didi odenobiT fuli daxarja.

xom ar eubnebiT mosamarTles, rom 20 lari didi odenobis

Tanxaa?

p: megona, iyo.

es SesaZloa ise gamoCndes, TiTqos mowme cdilobs Tavis

CvenebaSi Secdoma damalos. sinamdvileSi igi SeiZleba marT-

la fiqrobdes, rom 20 lari didi odenobis Tanxaa, magram

mosamarTlem an naficma msajulebma SesaZloa ar daijeron, rom

es asea da Sedegad mis damajereblobaSi eWvi Seitanon.

prokurori/advokati yovelTvis darwmunebuli unda iyos,

62

rom mis mowmes esmodes, Tu ras ekiTxebian. zemoT mocemul

magaliTSi prokurors pirveli SekiTxva Semdegi saxiT unda gae-

protestebina: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva bundovania.~

Tu mosamarTlem ver gaigo, ra aris bundovani, prokurorma/

advokatma unda miuTiTos frazaze `didi odenobiT fuli~. sx-

vaTa Soris, SekiTxvis sizustes pirdapir dakiTxvazec didi

mniSvneloba eniWeba. Tu Tqven zemoT mocemul magaliTSi pirve-

li SekiTxvis msgavs SekiTxvas dasvamT, dacvis mxaris advokats

ecodineba ra, rom braldebulma mxolod 20 lari daxarja, ga-

protestebis gareSe moicdis da Tqveni uxeSi Secdomis Sedegad

jvaredin dakiTxvaze, savaraudod, mowmes gaanadgurebs.

rodesac jvaredin dakiTxvaze bundovan SekiTxvas svamen, misi

gaprotesteba Tu argaprotesteba strategiuli gadawyvetile-

baa. mowinaaRmdege mxare SesaZloa fiqrobdes, rom mowmis pasuxi

mowmes daazianebs jvaredin dakiTxvaze. meore mxriv, mowmis pa-

suxs SesaZloa moelodnen da is sazianoc ki iyos.

3. Semxebloba

rodesac prokurori/advokati svams SekiTxvas, romelic

saqmesTan uSualo kavSirSi ar aris, es gaprotestebas eqvem-

debareba im safuZvliT, rom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSi ar aris

sakiTxTan. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis magaliTze vinme ikiTx-

avda, Tu ra miirTva sauzmeze braldebulma. TiTqosda, msgavsi

SekiTxvaa: hyavda Tu ara braldebuls megobari gogona. erTi

SexedviT, es SekiTxva Seusabamoa. Tumca, mxare SesaZloa imis

demonstrirebas cdilobdes, rom megobar gogonas surda raime

nivTi saCuqrad, is iTxovda braldebulisagan Zvirfas nivTebs da

amitom SekiTxva SemxeblobaSia saqmesTan, radgan is danaSaulis

motivs ukavSirdeba.

63

mtkicebis SeTavazeba

es is SemTxvevaa, rodesac mas mere, rac mosamarTle

gadawyvets, rom SekiTxva Seusabamoa, prokurori/advokati

mosamarTles uxsnis, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi da

ratom unda darTon mas SekiTxvis dasmis ufleba. mosamarTlem

SesaZloa Tavisi gadawyvetileba Secvalos. mosamarTlem es rom

ar gaakeTos, prokurori/advokati am gadawyvetilebis gasaCivre-

bas apelaciis dros SeZlebs. mas SeuZlia saapelacio sasamarT-

los winaSe amtkicos, rom mosamarTlem mas SecdomiT ar darTo

SekiTxvis dasmis neba, romelsac arsebiTi mniSvnelobis Cveneba

mohyveboda da romelic sasamarTlo verdiqts Secvlida. amitom

aris mniSvnelovani, rom mtkicebis SeTavazebisas prokurorma/

advokatma detalurad axsnas, Tu ratom aris SekiTxva Sesabamisi

da ratom unda iyos is nebadarTuli. mtkicebis SeTavazebis

SemTxvevaSi prokurori/advokati auwyebs mosamarTles, Tu ra

Cvenebas miscems mowme, Tu mas Cvenebis micemis nebas darTaven.

aseve mxarem SesaZloa uTxras mosamarTles kiTxvebis rigiToba,

raTa daarwmunos igi ama Tu im kiTxvis dasmis aucileblobaSi.

1. mowmis arasakmarisi kompetenturoba

protestis am saxeobis safuZvelia SemTxveva, rodesac gas-

arkvevia, aris Tu ara mowme kompetenturi misces is Cveneba, ris

Sesaxebac ekiTxebian. magaliTad, Tu narkotikebis saqmeze mowmis

tribunasTan policieli dgas da mas ekiTxebian: `ra aris Tqven

mier amoRebuli nivTiereba?~ Tu man narkotikebi TviTon ar

moixmara an ar aris kvalificirebuli aseTi cda Caataros, igi

ar aris kompetenturi am nivTierebaze isaubros. mas SeuZlia

mxolod is Tqvas, rom braldebulisgan amoiRo TeTri fxvnili,

radgan imis dadgenas, Tu ra aris es fxvnili, qimiuri analizi

sWirdeba. amdenad, Tu TeTri fxvnili vinmem Sesabamisi cdiT ar

Seamowma, policiels ar ecodineboda, Tu ra nivTierebaze iyo

saubari. Tu saqarTveloSi policieli ganacxadebs, rom TeTri

fxvnili heroini iyo, radgan policiis qimikosma is Seamowma,

64

es dasaSvebi iribi Cveneba iqneba, radgan cda mas TviTon ar

Cautarebia da misi Cveneba mxolod imis angariSia, Tu sxvam ra

gaakeTa. Sesabamisi mtkicebulebebiT gamyarebis SemTxvevaSi es

Cveneba sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT dasaSvebia. mra-

val sferoSi, romelic eqspertizis garkveul dones saWiroebs,

araeqsperti mowme, savaraudod, ar iqneba kompetenturi Cvenebis

misacemad. marTlac, protestis es saxeoba SesaZlebelia maSinac

ki iyos gamoyenebuli, rodesac Cvenebas eqsperti aZlevs, magram

igi konkretul saqmeSi mocemul sakiTxSi ver erkveva. magali-

Tad, eleqtrikoss SesaZloa ar hqondes sakmarisi eqspertiza,

raTa qimiur sferosTan dakavSirebiT misces eqspertuli Cveneba.

analogiurad, Tu policieli Seecdeba misces Cveneba imis

Taobaze, Tu ra iyo Cxrekis Sedegad amoRebuli, magram igi ar

aris pirovneba, romelmac kontrabanda ipovna, igi ar aris kom-

petenturi ganacxados, Tu sad iyo kontrabanda napovni, radgan

mas is ar aRmouCenia. am SemTxvevaSi gaprotesteba Semdegi saxiT

moxdeboda: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva exeba informacias, romelic

am mowmis kompetenciis miRmaa.~

2. mimaniSnebeli SekiTxvebi

Cven ukve SevexeT imas, Tu ra igulisxmeba mimaniSnebel

SekiTxvaSi. Tu mimaniSnebeli SekiTxva pirdapiri dakiTxvis dros

daismeba, es mowinaaRmdege mxares Semdegnairad SeuZlia gaapro-

testos: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mimaniSnebelia.~

3. rTuli (Sedgenili) SekiTxva

SekiTxva rTulia (Sedgenilia), rodesac is realurad ori

an meti SekiTxvisgan Sedgeba. magaliTad, `dainaxeT Tu ara banki-

dan gamoqceuli braldebuli da eWira Tu ara mas xelSi iara-

Ri?~ `ara.~ raze upasuxa mowmem `ara~? imaze, rom braldebuls

iaraRi ar sWeria Tu imaze, rom bankidan gamoqceuli bralde-

buli ar daunaxavs? rTuli (Sedgenili) SekiTxvis problema

imaSi mdgomareobs, rom aravin icis, Tu mowmis pasuxi ras exeba.

65

zemoT mocemuli SekiTxva or calkeul SekiTxvad unda gaiyos.

am safuZvelze gaprotesteba Semdegi saxiT moxdeboda: `vapro-

testeb. SekiTxva rTulia (Sedgenilia).~

4. mowmisgan spekulirebis (varaudis gamoTqmis) moTxovna

es aris SekiTxva, romelic mowmes sTxovs ivaraudos imis

Sesaxeb, ris Taobazec pasuxi man ar SeiZleba icodes. zogadad

am tipis SekiTxvebi exeba imas, Tu ras fiqrobda sxva pirovneba

an rogori iyo misi ganzraxva. magaliTad, `ras fiqrobda bral-

debuli, rodesac iaraRi amoiRo?~ an `apirebda braldebuli

SeTanxmebis Sesrulebas?~ spekulirebis momTxovn SekiTxvaze ga-

protesteba Semdegi saxiT unda moxdes: `vaprotesteb. SekiTxva

mowmisgan spekulirebas moiTxovs.~

5. damabneveli an gaugebari SekiTxvebi

aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowinaaRmdege mxare svams SekiTx-

vas, romelic yovelgvar azrs aris moklebuli da Zalian dam-

abnevelia. Tu Tqven ar gesmiT, Tu ras kiTxulobs mowinaaRm-

dege mxare, maSin arsebobs imis didi albaTobac, rom mowmesac

araferi esmodes. gansakuTrebiT jvaredin dakiTxvaze prokuror-

ma/advokatma unda uzrunvelyos, rom misi mowmeebi ar daibnen,

radgan es maT naklebad damajereblad warmoaCens. momzadebis

procesSi prokurorma/advokatma Tavisi mowmeebi unda gaafrTxi-

los, rom Tu mas SekiTxva ar esmis, misi axsna unda moiTxovos.

Tumca, prokurori/advokati mxolod amas ar unda daeyrdnos.

mowmem SeiZleba ar moisurvos Tqvas, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo.

amitom, es prokuroris/advokatis movaleobaa, rom gaproteste-

biT Tavisi mowme daicvas da mowinaaRmdege mxares SekiTxvis

`perifrazireba~ mosTxovos. es Semdegi saxiT unda gakeTdes:

`vaprotesteb. SekiTxva damabnevelia.~ an Tundac: `vaprotesteb.

gaugebaria mxare ras gulisxmobs.~ ukanaskneli meTodi SeiZleba

daexmaros mowmes, romelsac SesaZloa rcxvenoda imis aRiareba,

rom SekiTxva ver gaigo. mowmec Tavs ukeT igrZnobs, Tu SekiTxva

66

advokatmac ver gaigo. Tu Tqveni protestis Semdeg mosamarTle

hkiTxavs mowmes, gaigo Tu ara man ris Sesaxeb ekiTxebian, is,

savaraudod, ufro aRiarebs, rom SekiTxva ver gaigo.

6. SekiTxvebi, romlebic mtkicebulebebs miRma arsebul faqtebs gulisxmobs

am SemTxvevaSi SekiTxva iseT rames exeba, rac sasamarTlo

procesze dadgenili ar yofila. magaliTad, Tu bankis Zarcvis

saqmeSi bankis Zarcvis, iq mowmis yofnisa da mis mier raRacis

danaxvis faqtebis dadgenamde, mowmes hkiTxaven, Tu ra mimar-

TulebiT gaiqca mZarcveli, amas advokati Semdegi saxiT gaapro-

testebda: ̀ vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mtkicebulebebs miRma arsebul

faqtebs gulisxmobs.~

am protestis, iseve rogorc safuZvlianobis naklebobis

Sedegad gamoTqmuli protestis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, pirda-

pir dakiTxvaze advokatma TiToeuli mowmis Cvenebis safuZveli

nel-nela, gamozomili nabijebiT unda Seqmnas.

7. sakamaTo

sasamarTlo procesze prokurorebma/advokatebma mowmeebs

SekiTxvebi unda dausvan da ara _ ekamaTon maT. Tu SekiTx-

vis daniSnuleba ubralod mowmesTan kamaTia, es gaprotestebis

safuZvelia: ̀ vaprotesteb. SekiTxva mowmesTan kamaTs emsaxureba.~

8. safuZvlianobis nakleboba

am motiviT gaprotesteba yvelaze xSirad maSin xdeba, rode-

sac mowmes ekiTxebian im dokumentis Sesaxeb, romlis avTen-

turobis dadgenac ar momxdara. raimes avTenturobis dadgena

misi namdvilobis dadgenas gulisxmobs. imisaTvis, rom mowmem

angariSis, gamokvlevis, dRiuris, fotos an nebismieri sxva wer-

ilobiTi an fotomasalis Sinaarsze imsjelos, mas avTenturi

dokumenti an foto unda uCvenon. magaliTad, sanam mowme raimes

67

upasuxebs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris fotoze asaxuli, unda dadg-

indes, rom foto konkretul adgils zustad asaxavs. audioCa-naweris SemTxvevaSi unda dadgindes, rom Canaweri namdvilia da masSi araferia Camatebuli an Secvlili (amoRebuli).

Tu magaliTad, mowmes vinmes mier daweril raimes uCveneben, advokatma unda daadginos, rom es braldebulis, dazaralebu-lis, Tu vinc iqneba, mis mier aris dawerili. Sesabamisad, Tu vinmes sTxoven aRweros, Tu ra aris fotoze asaxuli, maSin vinmes da, savaraudod, TviTon mowmes unda hqondes micemuli Cveneba imis Taobaze, rom es ganxiluli adgilis zusti aRweri-lobaa. Tu amas adgili ar hqonia, maSin mowinaaRmdege mxaris advokatma SekiTxva imaze dayrdnobiT unda gaaprotestos, rom CvenebisTvis safuZveli ar momzadebula.

9. daculi informacia

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi:

muxli 15. Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis ufleba

aravin aris valdebuli, Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kodeqsiT.

muxli 38. braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani

4. braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumi-lis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkiceb-ulebad.

muxli 43. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urTierTobis konfidencialuroba

1. braldebulis urTierToba mis advokatTan konfidencial-uri da Tavisufalia.

2. konfidencialuria aseve piris braldebulad cnobamde

misi urTierToba mis SesaZlo advokatTan.

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muxli 74. braldebulis Cveneba

1. braldebulis Cveneba aris mis mier sasamarTloSi mice-

muli informacia sisxlis samarTlis saqmis garemoebaTa Sesaxeb.

2. Cvenebis micema braldebulis uflebaa.

3. braldebulis mier Cvenebis micemaze uaris Tqmis an cru

Cvenebis micemis faqti ar SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis

damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.

4. braldebulis aRiareba ar SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos

gamamtyunebel ganaCens, Tu igi ar dasturdeba misi braleulo-

bis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebiT.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsis zemoT mocemuli

muxlebis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia im SekiTxvis gaprotesteba,

romelic braldebulisgan dacul informacias iTxovs, iseve ro-

gorc im safuZvliT, rom aseTi informaciis moTxovna bralde-

bulis uflebas an privilegias laxavs. Tu pasuxi manamde iqneba

gacemuli, sanam protesti dakmayofildeba, moiTxoveT pasuxis

Cvenebidan moxsna da sTxoveT mosamarTles auxsnas nafic msaju-

lebs am yovelives mniSvneloba.

10. kiTxva, romelic pasuxad Txrobas moiTxovs

eqspertebis garda, mowmeebs konkretuli saxis SekiTxvebi

unda dausvaT. Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba mowmes hkiTxoT: `Tu

SeiZleba moaxseneT sasamarTlos, ra gadagxdaT Tavs 2010 wlis

14 ivlisis Rames.~ am SezRudvis mizezi is aris, rom Tu mowme

Tavisi Cvenebas Tavisufali TxrobiT mogviyveba da ara kiTxva-

pasuxis gziT gadmogvcems, maSin, faqtobrivad SeuZlebeli iqne-

ba iribi Cvenebebis, spekulaciebis, mowmis kompetenciis miRma

sakiTxebis dadgena da maTi Tavidan acileba.

mowmis pasuxebi

marTalia, prokurorTa/advokatTa mier gamoTqmuli protes-

tis umravlesoba mxaris mier mowmeebisTvis dasmul SekiTxvebs

69

exeba, magram sasamarTlo procesze SesaZloa mowmis pasuxmac

gamoiwvios protesti.

magaliTad, rodesac mowme aramarTebul pasuxs warmoTqvams,

prokurorma/ advokatma es unda gaaprotestos. misi protestis

dakmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, prokurorma/advokatma mosamarTles

unda sTxovos pasuxis oqmidan amoSla da nafic msajulTaTvis

imis ganmarteba, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebisas es pasuxi mxedv-

elobaSi ar miiRon (an nafic msajulTa gareSe sasamarTlos Sem-

TxvevaSi sTxovos mosamarTles, rom man pasuxi gadawyvetilebis

miRebisas ar gaiTvaliswinos). Tu mogvianebiT mosamarTle Tavis

verdiqts safuZvlad am pasuxs daudebs, dauSvebeli mtkiceb-

ulebis gamoyeneba SesaZloa warmatebuli gasaCivrebis safuZveli

gaxdes.

1. iribi Cveneba

magaliTad, prokurorma mowmes Semdegi SekiTxviT mimarTa:

`imyofeba Tu ara dRes sasamarTlo darbazSi pirovneba, romel-

mac 2010 wlis 14 ivliss WavWavaZis gamzirze banki gaZarcva?~

mowmem ki Semdegi pasuxi gasca: `diax, rogorc Cemma megobarma

iraklim miTxra, es merabma gaakeTa da igi aq zis.~ pasuxi

aSkarad irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelsac sasamarTlo procesze

ukve warmodgenili veraviTari arsebiTi mtkicebulebebi ver

amyarebs. advokatma es unda gaaprotestos da pasuxis oqmidan

moxsnis Taobaze Suamdgomloba daayenos: `vaprotesteb. pasuxi

irib Cvenebas Seicavs, romelic sxva mtkicebulebiT ar myard-

eba.~ Tu mosamarTle protests daakmayofilebs, maSin dacvis mx-

aris advokatma unda Tqvas: `vSuamdgomlob, raTa pasuxi oqmidan

moixsnas da nafic msajulebs ganemartoT, rom es konkretuli

Cveneba mxedvelobaSi ar miiRon.~ igive exeba nafic msajulTa

gareSe sasamarTlosac.

2. Seusabamo pasuxebi

Seusabamoa pasuxi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi SekiTxvis arss ar

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exeba. pasuxi SesaZloa mTlianad an nawilobriv Seusabamo iyos.

rodesac pasuxi mTlianobaSi Seusabamoa, mxarem mTliani pasuxi

unda gaaprotestos. nawilobriv Seusabamo pasuxis SemTxvevaSi

pasuxi nawilobriv unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `dainaxeT Tu

ara, rom 2010 wlis 14 ivliss b-ni zurabi mwvane BMW-s mar-Tavda?~ pasuxi: àra, me b-n zurabs wlebia, rac vicnob da mas

araerTxel aqvs CemTvis naTqvami, rom BMW-s markis avtomobili

ar moswons da mas arasodes marTavda.~ sityva àra~ pasuxis

erTaderTi nawilia, romelic SekiTxvas exmianeba. mowinaaRmdege

mxarem Semdegi saxis protesti unda gamoTqvas: `vaprotesteb

mTlian pasuxs sityva àras~ gamoklebiT.~ Tu mosamarTle pro-

tests daakmayofilebs, Semdeg mxare iSuamdgomlebs pasuxis

dauSvebeli nawilis moxsnisa da nafic msajulTa mier misi

gauTvaliswineblobis Taobaze.

gasakviria, magram bevri prokurori/advokati aRar cvlis

gaprotestebul kiTxvas, raTa pasuxis oqmidan moxsnili nawili

mowmis CvenebaSi miabrunos. cxadia, mxares aqvs ufleba, ga-

protestebis SemTxvevaSi, Secvalos kiTxvis formulireba an

mTlianad kiTxva da xelaxla swori formiT dasvas SekiTxva an

uzrunvelyos mowmis mier pasuxis marTebulad gacemis SesaZle-

bloba.

3. safuZvels moklebuli Cveneba

arsebobs garkveuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac mowmis pasuxi am

safuZvliT unda gaprotestdes. magaliTad: `2010 wlis 14 iv-

liss midiodiT Tu ara WavWavaZis gamzirze?~ pasuxi: ès is

dRe iyo, rodesac iq merabma banki gaZarcva.~ SekiTxva kargi

iyo, radgan prokurori cdilobda safuZvlis momzadebas Zarcvis

scenis aRwerisaTvis. pasuxi ki safuZvels moklebulia, radgan

mowmis Cvenebis am etapze araferia dadgenili imis Taobaze,

rom igi WavWavaZeze swored im adgilas da dros imyofeboda,

raime dainaxa da raimes danaxvis poziciaSi iyo. yvelas TvalSi

ise Cans, TiTqos mis mier mowodebuli informaciis wyaro misi

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megobari liaa da sasamarTlo procesze arsebiTi mtkicebule-

bebi jer gamokvleuli ar yofila.

kidev erTi magaliTi eqspertizas exeba: `gsmeniaT Tu ara

xanZris Sesaxeb, romelic 2010 wlis 30 agvistos WavWavaZis

gamziris #19-Si gaCnda?~ pasuxi: `diax, es cecxlis ganzrax

wakideba iyo, ris Sedegadac saxli bolomde daiwva.~ mxare

`diax~ sityvis Semdeg yvelafris Cvenebidan moxsnaze iSuamd-

gomlebda safuZvlianobis naklebobis motiviT. am etapze jer

arafriT yofila dadasturebuli, rom mowmes hqonda imis Ses-

aZlebloba scodnoda, cecxli ganzrax iyo wakidebuli Tu ara.

marTlac, jer isic ki ar iyo dadgenili, rom man saxli naxa.

iseve, rogorc nebismier sxvas, mowmesac SeeZlo xanZris Sesaxeb

gazeTSi waekiTxa, saidanac aseve gaigebda, rom viRacis TqmiT es

cecxlis ganzrax wakidebiT moxda. `diax~ sityvis Semdeg pasuxi

aseve dauSvebelia da Seusabamo.

4. piradi mosazrebebi

eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT, yvela sxva mowme faqtebTan da-

kavSirebiT Cvenebis misacemad aris gamoZaxebuli. ase, magaliTad,

Tu araeqspert mowmes ekiTxebian, Tu ras akeTebda garkveuli

pirovneba im bankis gareT, romelic gaZarcves, SekiTxva kargia

imdenad, ramdenadac is konkretul dros, TariRs da adgils

exeba. Tumca, Tu mowme pasuxobs `diax, igi ise iqceoda, ro-

gorc saguSagoze myofi~, pasuxi mowmis piradi Sexedulebaa imis

Taobaze, Tu ras akeTebda mamakaci. marTebuli pasuxi mxolod

faqtebs unda eyrdnobodes, magaliTad, ̀ igi gamudmebiT aqeT-iqiT

iyureboda. igi bankis win midioda da orive mxares ixedeboda,

Semdeg ukan brundeboda da igives imeorebda.~ meore mxriv, Tu

mowme gamocdili policiis oficeria, romlis kvalifikaciis

Sesaxeb prokurorma safuZveli moamzada, mas SeuZlia sakuTar

gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiT gamoTqvas mosazreba, rom mamakaci

raRacas yaraulobda.

72

mas Semdeg, rac maTi, rogorc eqspertebis uflebamosileba

dadgindeba, an rodesac maT uflebamosilebas sasamarTlo maTi

daniSvnisas daadgens, eqspertebs SeuZliaT sakuTari mosazre-

bebi Tavisi eqspertizis sferoSi gamoTqvan. Cveneba, romelic

daskvnebs Seicavs, igivea, rac mosazreba. aqedan gamomdinare,

policiels SeuZlia Tqvas, rom dazaralebuls esroles, magram

mxolod samedicino eqsperts SeuZlia daadasturos daskvniT,

rom dazaralebuli am gasrolisgan gardaicvala.

73

braldebulis uflebebis dacva sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas13

(mocemul TavSi asaxuli masala, iseve rogorc winamdebare saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenili sxva masalaTa nawili, dafuZnebulia aSS-Si arsebul saukeTeso praqtikaze)

prokurorTa umetesoba icavs dadgenil wesebs da samarTlianad warmoadgens saqmes sasamarTloSi. zogierTi maTgani ki arRvevs dad-genil wesebs, uSvebs Secdomebs, an sakuTari poziciis mtkicebis pro-cesSi moWarbebuli enTuziazmis gamo arRvevs braldebulis uflebebs.

wesi

mniSvnelovania, rom protesti gacxaddes dauyovnebliv, ro-

gorc ki prokurori gaakeTebs miuRebel gancxadebas, dasvams

problemur SekiTxvas, an mouxmobs Seusabamo argumentacias Ses-

avali an daskvniTi sityvis wardgenisas. protestis droulad

dayenebas da mis sasamarTlo sxdomis oqmSi dafiqsirebas didi

mniSvneloba aqvs saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gasaCivrebis

SemTxvevaSic. aSS-Si saqmeze miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gauqme-

bas gacilebiT meti Zalisxmeva sWirdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

advokati droulad ar ganacxadebs protests. protestis dak-

mayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, advokatma mosamarTles unda sTxovos,

raTa man miuTiTos nafic msajulebs prokuroris mier gakeTebu-

li miuRebeli gancxadebis Sesaxeb da auxsnas maT, rom ar gaiT-

valiswinon es gancxadeba. Tu prokuroris gancxadeba imdenad

sazianoa, rom mosamarTlis mier mxolod miTiTebis micema ver

13 `amerikis iuristTa asociaciis kanonis uzenaesobis iniciativa~ saqa-rTvelos programa madlobas uxdis vaSingtonis sazogadoebrivi damcvelis samsaxurs am nawilSi gamoyenebuli masalebisTvis.

74

gamoasworebs miyenebul zians, aSS-Si moqmedi praqtikis Tanax-

mad, advokatma unda sTxovos mosamarTles procesis CaSlilad

gamocxadeba. saqarTveloSic SesaZlebelia am TxovniT mimarTva

sasamarTlosTvis, Tumca am etapze, kanonSi ar arsebobs konkre-

tuli norma, romelic pirdapir moawesrigebda am sakiTxs.

zogadi wesi

advokats yovelTvis SeuZlia idavos, rom prokuroris

gancxadeba arRvevs saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT da adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli konvenciiT aRiarebul samarTliani sa-

samarTlos uflebas. advokats aseve, SeuZlia aqcenti gaakeTos

im garemoebaze, rom prokuroris gancxadeba ar aris kavSirSi

konkretuli saqmis faqtebTan da garemoebebTan, da rom msaju-

lebs gansaxilvel saqmeze evalebaT, mxolod braldebulis dam-

naSaveoba/udanaSaulobis sakiTxis gadawyveta. Tu prokuroris

gancxadeba usamarTloa, magram advokati ver ayalibebs protes-

tis dasasabuTebel raime konkretul mizezs, mas ubralod Seu-

Zlia idavos, rom prokurori usamarTlod cdilobs msajulTa

grZnobebisa da winaswarganwyobebis gamZafrebas14.

advokats SeuZlia daicados, sanam prokurori daasrulebs

saTqmels da mere daayenos protesti; Tumca maRalia amgvari

protestis ardakmayofilebis albaToba, vinaidan sasamrTlo ver

SeZlebs ukve miyenebuli zianis gamosworebas. miuxedavad amisa,

advokatma SesaZloa mocda amjobinos, raTa kidev ufro meti

yuradReba ar iqnes gamaxvilebuli diskriminaciul/usamarTlo

gancxadebebze. TuUadvokati am mizezis gamo mocdas amjobinebs,

man unda icodes, rom akeTebs arCevans Secdomis xazgasmasa da

protestis dayenebaze uaris Tqmas Soris. prokuroris Secdomis

mniSvnelobis xazgasasmelad, advokatma yovelTvis unda moiTxo-

vos sasamarTlo procesis CaSlilad gamocxadeba.

14 ixileT, mag.: makgrifi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (McGriffv.UnitedStates, 705A.2d282, 288-89 (D.C.1997)

75

qvemoT miTeTebulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobasa da adamianis uflebaTa evropul konvenciaSi arsebuli normebi, amerikuli sa-samarTlo praqtika da amerikis iuristTa asociaciis sisxlis samar-Tlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi, romlebic daexmareba advokats, zemoaRniSnul SemTxvevebSi gacxadebuli protestisa da Sesabamisi argumentaciis CamoyalibebaSi.

argumentebi konkretuli konstituciuri uflebebis Selaxvis Taobaze:

roca saqme exeba braldebulis konstituciiT an sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso kanonmdeblobiT garantirebul uflebebs,

sasamarTlom unda uzrunvelyos, rom ar moxdes prokuroris

mier am uflebaTa Selaxva. `prokuroris gancxadeba ar unda

iwvevdes braldebulis imgvari konkretuli uflebebis Selaxvas,

rogoric aris dacvis ufleba da dumilis ufleba.~ 15

komentarebi imis Taobaze, rom dakavebis Semdeg braldebulma isargebla dumilis uflebiT

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze veravis aiZuleb misces Cveneba

sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg. es ufleba konstituciiTa da sisx-

lis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsiT aris garantirebuli.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 15. Cvenebis mice-maze uaris Tqmis ufleba.

`aravin ar aris valdebuli Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis

an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kod-

eqsiT.~

15 dardeni uainraiT winaaRmdeg; (Darden v. Wainwright, 477U.S.168, 182(1986))

76

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani.

`4) braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumi-

lis ufleba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar

SeiZleba Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkiceb-

ulebad.~

magaliTebi:

rodesac prokurori xazs usvams da nafic msajulebs sTxovs

braldebulis sawinaaRmdego daskvnebis gakeTebas, im faqtze

apelirebiT, rom braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, saqme

gvaqvs sakuTari Tavis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemisgan Tavis Seka-

vebis uflebis uxeS SelaxvasTan.~

prokuroris komentari, dakavebis Semdeg braldebulis

mier dumilis uflebiT sargeblobaze, Tundac es `impiCmentis~

porcesSi moxdes, arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas.

prokuroris mier jvaredini dakiTxvisas gakeTebuli miTiTeba

an/da Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvis warmoTqmis dros gakeTebuli

komentari imis Taobaze, rom braldebuls policiisTvis ar uTq-

vams alibis Sesaxeb dakavebisTanave – aseve warmoadgens konsti-

tuciiT garantirebuli uflebis darRvevas.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 38 muxlis II nawili: `dakavebis momentSi an, Tu dakaveba ar xdeba _ braldebulad

cnobisTanave, dauyovnebliv, aseve nebismieri dakiTvis win bral-

debuls unda ecnobos, rom mas aqvs advokatze, dumilisa da

kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisagan Tavis Sekavebis ufleba, ufleba

ar daibralos danaSauli, rom yvelaferi, rasac is ityvis,

SesaZlebelia mis winaaRmdeg iqnes gamoyenebuli da ufleba,

dapatimrebisas, xolo dakavebisas – misi moTxovnis SemTxvevaSi,

Sesabamis dawesebulebaSi miyvanisTanave miiRos ufaso samedi-

cino Semowmeba.~

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-

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julebis standartebi _ braldebis mxaris profesiul qmedebaTa standartebi.

standarti 3-5.6(b): `prokurorma winaswari SecnobiT da

mosamarTlis an msajulTa yuradRebis dauSvebel sakiTxze gamax-

vilebis mizniT, ar unda gaakeTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an ko-

mentari mosamarTlis an msajulTa winaSe.~

standarti 3-5.8(d): `prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari val-

debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod, _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis,

mxolod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi;~

standarti 3-5.9: ̀ rogorc pirveli instanciiT, ise apelaciis

wesiT saqmis ganxilvis dros, prokurorma ganzrax ar unda

miuTiTos an idavos iseT faqtebze, romelic scildeba saqmis ma-

salebs, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca amgvari faqtebi sayovelTaod

cnobilia Cveulebrivi cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze

an exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rasac mxareebi saeWvod ar xdian.~

pirdapiri miTiTeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 15. Cvenebis mice-maze uaris Tqmis ufleba.

`aravin ar aris valdebuli Cveneba misces sakuTari Tavis

an sxva pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelTa wrec ganisazRvreba am kod-

eqsiT.~

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 IV nawili: `braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufle-

ba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar SeiZleba

Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~

saqme: karteri kentukis winaaRmdeg, 450 450U.S.288,

78

301(198116) `braldebuli sasamarTlos mier ar unda daisajos

sakuTari konstituciuri uflebiT sargeblobis gamo.~

saqme: baqsteri palmijanos winaaRmdeg, 425U.S.308, 319(1976),17`saqmeSi: grifini kaliforniis winaaRmdeg, mosamarTle-

sa da prokurors aekrZala miuTiTon nafic msajulebs imis

Sesaxeb, rom braldebulis dumili SeuZliaT CaTvalon misi

damnaSaveobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b) da 3-5.9.

arapirdapiri miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iZleva Cvenebas

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, 38 muxlis IV nawili: `braldebuls SeuZlia nebismier dros gamoiyenos dumilis ufle-

ba. Tu braldebuli irCevs dumilis uflebas, es ar SeiZleba

Sefasdes misi braleulobis damadasturebel mtkicebulebad.~

saqme: uaiTi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 248A.2d825, 825&826n. 2 (D.C.196918), prokuroris aramarTebuli qceva imaSi gamoixata,

rom man miuTiTa `policiis oficrebis mier micemul CvenebaTa msgavsebaze maSin, rodesac SemTxvevis adgilze, policiis aRniS-

nuli oficrebisa da apelantis garda sxva aravin imyofeboda.~

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b) da 3-5.9.

16 karteri kentukis winaaRmdeg (Carter v. Kentucky, 450U.S.288, 301(1981)).

17 baqsteri palmijanos winaaRmdeg (Baxter v. Palmigiano, 425U.S.308, 319(1976)).

18 uaiTi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (White v. United States, 248A.2d825, 825&826n. 2 (D.C.1969)).

79

miTiTeba imaze, Tu rogor iqceva braldebuli s.s. saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvisas

saqme: aSS raiTis winaaRmdeg, 489F.2d1181,1186 (D.C.Cir.197319), prokuroris mier imaze miTiTeba, rom braldebuli ar iZleva

Cvenebas, arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos (procesis) uflebas,

vinaidan is ararelevanturia bralis sakiTxis gadawyvetisTvis.

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b); 3-5.8(d); 3-5.9.

miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebulis monawileoba sa-samarTlo procesSi saSualebas aZlevs mas SeTxzas

sakuTari dacvis pozicia

aSS-s konstituciis VI Sesworebis Tanaxmad _ `sisxlis

samarTlis yvela saqmeze, braldebuls ufleba aqvs daupirisp-

irdes yvela im mowmes, vinc mis winaaRmdeg aZlevs Cvenebas.~

adamianis uflebaTa evropuli konvencia, aseve aniWebs bral-

debuls uflebas daupirispirdes mowmeebs, romlebic mis winaaR-

mdeg aZleven Cvenebas. Sesabamisad, braldebulis ufleba _ daup-

irispirdes mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs, garantirebulia am

saerTaSoriso konvenciiT, romlis monawilec aris saqarTvelo.

sss kodeqsis 38-e muxlis me-16 nawilis Tanaxmad, mocemul muxlSi

moyvanili uflebebis CamonaTvali, ar zRudavs braldebulis

uflebas, ganaxorcielos yvela sxva sxva ufleba, romelic mas

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, maTo Soris, saerTaSoriso Se-

TanxmebebiT aqvs miniWebuli.

saqme: mitCeli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (569A.2d177,183 (D.C.199020)

19 aSS raiTis winaaRmdeg (United States-v. Wright, 489F.2d1181,1186 (D.C.Cir.1973)).

20 mitCeli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mitchell v. United States (569A.2d177,183

80

_ prokuroris komentari imis Taobaze, rom braldebulis

monawilobam saqmis ganxilvaSi xeli Seuwyo mas sxva mowmeTa

CvenebebTan SeTanxmebuli dacva warmoedgina, arRvevs bralde-

bulis uflebas daupirispirdes mowinaaRmdege mxaris mowmeebs.

saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (564A.2d594, 604(D.C.1989)21– prokuroris aramarTebul qcevad CaiTvala misi miTiTeba msa-

julebisadmi, uaryofiTad SeefasebinaT is faqti, rom bralde-

buli sargeblobda mowmeebTan dapirispirebis uflebiT.

miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuli ar iyo Tanaxma Cxrekaze

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 112 sasamarTlos ganCinebiT Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedeba (nawili I)

`sagamoZiebo moqmedeba, romelic zRudavs kerZo sakuTre-

bas, mflobelobas an piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobas, tar-

deba mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze sasamarTlos ganCinebiT.

mosamarTle Suamdgomlobisa da misi ganxilvisTvis saWiro in-

formaciis Sesvlidan ara ugvianes 24 saaTisa zepiri mosmenis

gareSe wyvets Suamdgomlobas. mosamarTle uflebamosilia Sua-

mdgomloba ganixilos Suamdgomlobis damyenebeli mxaris monaw-

ileobiT. am SemTxvevaSi Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas gamoiyeneba

am kodeqsis 206-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli wesi. Tanamesaku-

Tris an Tanamflobelis an komunikaciis erTi mxaris Tanxmoba

sakmarisia am nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebis

sasamarTlos ganCinebis gareSe Casatareblad.~

aSS-s konstituciis IV Sesworebis Tanaxmad, `adamianis pi-

radi cxovreba, sacxovrebeli, dokumentacia da sxva, daculia

(D.C.1990)).21 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreasv.United States (564A.2d594,

604(D.C.1989)).

81

dausabuTebeli Cxrekisa da amoRebisgan. dauSvebelia Sesabamisi

nebarTvis gacema ficiT an mtkicebiT dadasturebuli savaraudo

mizezisa da Cxrekis Catarebis adgilisa da amosaRebi nivTebis

detaluri miTiTebis gareSe.~

saqme: aSS preskotis winaaRmdeg, (581F.2d1343, 1350-51 (9thCir.1978),22 prokuroris miTiTeba im faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rom braldebulma gamoiyena konstituciis IV SesworebiT ga-

rantirebuli ufleba maSin, rodesac policia Cxrekis orderis

gareSe cdilobda mis binaSi Cxrekis Catarebas, CaiTvala bral-

debis mxaris usamarTlo taqtikad da iseT Secdomad, romelic

arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba iyos

gadawyvetilebis Secvlis safuZveli.


miTiTeba imaze, rom braldebuls hyavs anmoiTxova damcveli

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 nawili V: `braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve mis mier

arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis ufleba, xolo Tu

is uqonelia – ufleba, daeniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-

jze. braldebuls unda hqondes gonivruli dro da saSualeba

dacvis momzadebisTvis. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urT-

ierToba konfidencialuria. akrZalulia braldebulisa da misi

advokatis urTierTobaze iseTi SezRudvebis daweseba, romlebic

xels SeuSlis dacvis saTanadod ganxorcielebas.~

22 aSS preskotis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Prescott (581F.2d1343, 1350-51 (9thCir.1978)).

82

saqme: daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 716A.2d173(D.C.1998),23 prokuroris gancxadeba imis Taobaze, rom braldebulma da misma

advokatma `SeTxzes erTi patara lamazi ambavi~, CaiTvala ar-

amarTebul/araeTikur qcevad, vinaidan es gancxadeba ubiZgebda

msajulebs gaekeTebinaT braldebulis sawinaaRmdego daskvna mis

mier dacvis uflebiT sargeblobis gamo.


advokatis damcireba

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 nawili V: `braldebuls aqvs advokatis arCevisa da yolis, aseve mis mier

arCeuli advokatis nebismier dros Secvlis ufleba, xolo Tu

is uqonelia – ufleba, daeniSnos advokati saxelmwifos xar-

jze. braldebuls unda hqondes gonivruli dro da saSualeba

dacvis momzadebisTvis. braldebulisa da misi advokatis urT-

ierToba konfidencialuria. akrZalulia braldebulisa da misi

advokatis urTierTobaze iseTi SezRudvebis daweseba, romlebic

xels SeuSlis dacvis saTanadod ganxorcielebas.~

saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (671A.2d428, 437(D.C.1995),24 prokuroris komentari _ `grcxvenodes~ advokatis mimarT,

romelmac ganacxada, rom braldebis mowmem icrua, iyo `sru-

liad miuRebeli~ da araeTikuri.

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarT-lis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6; 3-5.8(d); 3-5.9(b).

23 daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, (Diazv.UnitedStates 716A.2d173(D.C.1998))24 jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Johnson v.United States (671A.2d428,

437(D.C.1995)).

83

raionuli prokurorebis erovnuli asociacia, saprokuroro saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi; wesi 6.5(b) ̀ mxarem, sakuTari

Sexedulebis miuxedavad, Tavi unda Seikavos piradi uaryofiTi

damokidebulebis gamovlenisgan mowinaaRmdege mxaris warmomad-

genlis mimarT.~

advokatis Seqeba

saqme: aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, 78F.3d1370,1380 (9thCir.199625), prokuroris mxridan miuRebelia iseTi komen-

taris gakeTeba, rogoricaa, `advokatis saqmea braldebis mier

mowveuli mowmeebis jvaredini wesiT dakiTxva sakuTari klien-

tis interesebis dasacavad. da Tqven gaqvT ufleba moxibluli

iyoT [advokatiT], romelic Tavisi saqmis ostatia~ da `minda

Sevaqo igi, vinaidan man kargad moaxerxa Tavgza aeria [mowmisT-

vis]~. aseTi komentari miuRebelia imdenad, ramdenadac mianiSnebs,

rom dacvis meTodebi TiTqos marTlmsajulebisaTvis xelis SeS-

las emsaxureba.

ixleT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b); 3-5.8(d); 3-5.9.4.

miTiTeba dacvis Rirebulebaze

ixileT: sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38 nawili V.

saqme: ake ake oklahomas winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.68, 70(1985)26, `konstituciis moTxovnaa, rom uqonel braldebuls xeli miu-

wvdebodes fsiqiatriul gamokvlevaze da sakuTari fsiqikuri

25 aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Frederick 78F.3d1370,1380 (9thCir.1996)).

26 ake ake oklahomas winaaRmdeg (AkeAke v. Oklahoma,470U.S.68, 70(1985)).

84

mdgomareobidan gamomdinare efeqturi dacvis momzadebisTvis saWiro daxmarebaze.~

saqme: gideoni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, 372U.S.335, 359(1963)27, socialurad daucvel braldebuls ufleba aqvs isargeblos saxelmwifos mier daniSnuli damcvelis momsaxurebiT.


piradi mosazrebis gamoTqmabraldebulis braleulobis Sesaxeb

prokuroris piradi mosazreba braldebulis braleulobis Sesaxeb aris miuRebeli da laxavs braldebulis samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas.

saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.1,17 (1985),28 aramarTe-bulia prokuroris mier piradi azris gamoTqma braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT.

saqme: finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)29, aramarTebulia prokuroris dausabuTebeli komentari imis Tao-baze, rom Cvenebis micemis dros braldebulma icrua, danaSaulis

aRiarebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.

vaSingtonis iuristTa asociacia, wesi 3.4(e) – sasamarTlo

procesze iuristebma (advokati/prokurori) ar unda gamoTqvan

piradi mosazreba mowmis sandoobasTan dakavSirebiT.

27 gideoni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, (Gideon v. Wainwright 372U.S.335, 359(1963))

28 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v.Young 470U.S.1,17 (1985)).29 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Finch v. Unites States 867A.2d222,227

(D.C.2005)).

85

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(b) – prokurorma ar unda gamoTqvas sakuTari azri an rwmena braldebulis damna-

SaveobasTan dakavSirebiT.

mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma an piradi mo-sazrebis gamoTqma mtkicebulebasTan dakavSirebiT

aSS-Si mraval saqmeze dadginda, rom mowmis sandoobis

Tavdebad dadgoma prokuroris an advokatis mier aramarTebli

saqcielia. mowmis sandoobasTan dakavSirebiT mxaris mier misi

piradi Sexedulebis gamoTqma miuRebelia saqmis ganxilvisas.

saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470U.S.1,17 (1985)30, prokuro-ris mier mowmis sandoobis Tavdebad dadgoma da sakuTari mosaz-

rebis gamoTqma braldebulis damnaSaveobasTan dakavSirebiT or

safrTxes Seicavs: (1) aseTi komentari qmnis iseT STabeWdilebas,

TiTqos mtkicebulebebi, romlebic ar iqna ganxiluli msajulTa

monawileobiT, magram cnobilia prokurorisTvis, amyarebs bral-

debulis mimarT wardgenil braldebas da Sesabamisad, arRvevs

braldebulis uflebas, raTa misi saqme nafic msajulTa mier

gadawydes mxolod sasamarTloze warmodgenili mtkicebule-

bebis safuZvelze; da (2) prokuroris mosazreba, aris ra `sax-

elmwifos~ mosazreba, SesaZloa ufro sarwmunod iqnes miCneuli

msajulebis mier, vidre mtkicebulebaTa sakuTari SefasebiT

gamotanili daskvnebi.

saqme: finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)31, miuRebelia prokuroris mier mosazrebis gamoTqma imasTan daka-

vSirebiT, rom braldebis mowmeebis Cveneba `saocrad gulwrfe-

li~ iyo.

30 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, (United States v. Young, 470U.S.1,17 (1985)).31 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, (Finch v. Unites States,867A.2d222,227

(D.C.2005)).

86

saqme: uesti aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 866A.2d74, 80(D.C.2005)32_ prokuroris komentari, rom dacvis argumenti `sasaciloa,~ ar-

amarTebulia im SemTxvevaSi, TuUes piradi mosazrebis gamoxat-

ulebaa.

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(b) – `prokurorma ar unda gamoTqvas sakuTari

azri an rwmena romelime Cvenebis an mtkicebulebis san-

doobis an siyalbis Sesaxeb...~

faqtebis damaxinjeba

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 8 samarTliani procesi da swrafi marTlmsajuleba (nawili I)

`braldebuls (msjavrdebuls, gamarTlebuls) aqvs samar-

Tliani procesis ufleba.~

prokuroris mier faqtebis damaxinjeba braldebuls uspobs

rogorc samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas, aseve mis winaaRmdeg

arsebul mtkicebulebebTan da mowmeebTan dapirispirebis kanoniT

garantirebul uflebas.

saqme: doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg, 416U.S.637, 645(1974)33, `sruliad aramarTebulia prokuroris mxridan faq-

tebis damaxinjeba.~

vaSingtonis iuristTa asociacia, profesiuli qcevis we-sebi. wesi 3.4 (i): mxarem ar unda `wamoWras sakiTxi, Tu mas safuZvliani rwmena ar aqvs, rom es sakiTxi mocemul saqmesTan

32 uesti aSS-s winaaRmdeg, (West v. United States, 866A.2d74, 80(D.C.2005))33 doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg (Donnelly v. DeChristoforo

416U.S.637, 645(1974)).

87

mimarTebaSi aris relevanturi da Tu igi ar iqneba gamyarebuli

saqmeSi arsebuli dasaSvebi mtkicebulebiT.~

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-julebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – `prokurorma ganz-rax ar unda daamaxinjos mtkicebuleba da Segnebulad ar unda

ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisaken.~

iseTi faqtebis xseneba, romelic ar aris saqmeSi

saqmeSi ararsebuli faqtebis xseneba dauSvebelia da ewi-

naaRmdegeba nafic msajulTa instruqcias. aseT SemTxvevaSi mowi-

naaRmdege mxarem protesti unda daayenos da mosamarTles unda

sTxovos, SeniSvna misces damrRvevs, xolo msajulebs _ xe-

laxla waukiTxos mtkicebulebis ganmarteba kanonis Sesabamisad.

saqme: doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg, 416U.S.637, 645(1974)34, aramarTebulad iqna cnobili prokuroris mier

daskvniTi sityvis warmoTqmisas msajulTa yuradRebis gamax-

vileba im faqtze, rom amave saqmeze, yofili Tanabraldebuli

damnaSaved iqna cnobili.

saprokuroro saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi, wesi 76.2 – braldebis mxarem ar unda axsenos mtkicebuleba, Tu ar ar-

sebobs am mtkicebulebis sasamarTlo procesze warmodgenisa da

dasaSvebad cnobis gonivruli safuZveli (maRali albaToba).

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.9 – `rogorc pirveli

instanciiT, ise apelaciis wesiT saqmis ganxilvis dros, proku-

rorma ganzrax ar unda miuTiTos an idavos iseT faqtebze,

romelic scildeba saqmis masalebs, garda im SemTxvevisa, roca

amgvari faqtebi sayovelTaod cnobilia Cveulebrivi cxovrebi-

34 doneli dekristoforos winaaRmdeg (Donnelly v. DeChristoforo 416U.S.637, 645(1974)).

88

seuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze an exeba iseT sakiTxebs, rasac

mxareebi saeWvod ar xdian.~

standarti 3-5.8(d) – ̀ prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari

gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari val-

debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis, mx-

olod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi.~

sxva qmedebebi, rac arRvevs braldebulissamarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas

normis arasworad gadmocema udanaSaulobis prezumfciasTan dakavSirebuli

normebis damaxinjeba

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 5: udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis prezumcia (nawili I)

`piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar

damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyune-

beli ganaCeniT.~

saqme: porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 826 A.2d 398, 407 (D.C. 2003)35 – `rodesac prokurori amtkicebs, rom yvela braldebuls

aqvs ufleba Tavi maqsimalurad kargad daicvas, saqme gvaqvs

prokuroris mier udanaSaulobis prezumfciis araswor gadmo-

cemasTan.~

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – prokurorma ar unda ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisken.

35 porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Porter v. United States 826 A.2d 398, 407 (D.C. 2003)).

89

kanonis normis araswori interpretaciagonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 13, nawili II: `braldebulis aRiareba, Tu is ar dasturdeba misi braleulo-

bis damadasturebeli sxva mtkicebulebebiT, sakmarisi ar aris

mis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis gamosatanad. gamamtyunebeli

ganaCeni unda efuZnebodes mxolod erTmaneTTan SeTanxmebul,

aSkara da damajerebel mtkicebulebaTa erTobliobas, romelic

gonivrul eWvs miRma adasturebs piris braleulobas.~

Tu prokurori amtkicebs, rom gonivrul eWvs miRma stand-

arti ufro dabalia, vidre es realurad kanoniTaa dadgenili,

unda dadges protesti da mosamarTles unda eTxovos Sesabamisi

instruqcia waukiTxos nafic msajulebs.

saqme: salivani luizianas winaaRmdeg, 508 U.S. 275, 278 (1993)36

– gonivrul eWvs miRma standartis Taobaze kanonis araswori

ganmarteba imdenad sazianoa, rom is verasdros iqneba aRqmuli

uwyinar Secdomad.

mtkicebis tvirTTan dakavSirebuli kanonis normis araswori interpretacia

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 5: udanaSaulobisa da Tavisuflebis prezumcia

1. `piri udanaSaulod iTvleba, vidre misi damnaSaveoba ar

damtkicdeba sasamarTlos kanonier ZalaSi Sesuli gamamtyune-

beli ganaCeniT.~

2. `aravin ar aris valdebuli, amtkicos Tavisi udanaSau-

loba. braldebis mtkicebis tvirTi ekisreba bralmdebels. bral-

debels ufleba aqvs, uari Tqvas braldebaze.~

36 salivani luizianas winaaRmdeg, (Sullivan v. Louisiana 508 U.S. 275, 278 (19930)).

90

saqme: mulani vilburis winaaRmdeg, 421 U.S. 684, 702 (1975)37, bralmdeblis mier nebismieri miniSneba, rom dacvam TiTqos

braldebasTan erTad unda gainawilos mtkicebis tvirTi, an, rom

braldebuli ar unda iqnas miCneuli udanaSaulod sasamarTlo

ganxilvis msvlelobisas, warmoadgens Secdomas/darRvevas, rac

laxavs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba gaxdes

gadawyvetilebis gauqmebis safuZveli.

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(a).

kanonis araswori ganmarteba ganzraxvis cnebasTan mimarTebaSi

saqme: francisi franklinis winaaRmdeg, 471 U.S. 307, 317 (1985)38, msajulebisadmi micemuli ganmarteba, romelsac mt-

kicebis tvirTi, ganzraxvis elementTan dakavSirebiT, gadaaqvs

braldebulze _ uxeSad arRvevs kanons.


mtkicebulebis araswori daxasiaTeba

daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 716A.2d173(D.C.1998)39, miuRebelia

prokuroris mxridan iseTi gancxadebis Segnebulad gakeTeba,

romelic Seqmnis araswor STabeWdilebas, TiTqos braldebulma

37 mulani vilburis winaaRmdeg, (Mullaney v. Wilbur 421 U.S. 684, 702 (1975)).

38 francisi franklinis winaaRmdeg (Francis v. Franklin, 471 U.S. 307, 317 (1985)).

39 daiazi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Diaz v. United States 716A.2d173(D.C.1998)).

91

icrua, rodesac Tqva, rom ver gaigo inglisur enaze micemuli

Cvenebis Sinaarsi.

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(a) – `prokurorma ar unda ubiZgos msajulebs araswori daskvnebis gakeTebisken.~

standarti: 3-5.8(d) –`prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari

gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari val-

debulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod _ saqmeze gadawyvetilebis, mx-

olod, mtkicebulebaTa safuZvelze miRebaSi.~

komentarebis gakeTeba braldebulis Sesaxebbraldebulis dacinva an misi damcireba

Tu prokurori braldebulTan dakavSirebiT akeTebs pira-

di xasiaTis komentars/gancxadebas, am SemTxvevaSi protestis

safuZveli gaxlavT is, rom amgvari sakiTxebi ar aris kavSirSi

braldebulis mier konkretuli danaSaulis Cadena-arCadenasTan,

arTmevs braldebuls samarTliani procesis uflebas da emsax-

ureba, mxolod msajulTa emociebis gacxovelebas.

saqme: setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 615 A.2d 1105, 1113 (D.C. 1992)40, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva bralde-

bulisadmi _ `mSiSara egoisti.~

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(b) – `prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an komentari mosamarTlis

an msajulTa winaSe, Segnebulad, maTi yuradRebis dauSvebel

sakiTxze gamaxvilebis mizniT.~ standarti 3-5.8(g) – proku-rorma ar unda gaakeTos iseTi gancxadeba, romelic gaTvlilia

msajulTa winaswarganwyobaze/damokidebulebebze zemomoqmedebi-

40 setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Settles v. United States 615 A.2d 1105, 1113 (D.C. 1992)).

92

saTvis. standarti 3-5.8(d) – prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msajulebs sakuTari

valdebulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod mxolod ganxiluli mtkice-

bulebebis safuZvelze saqmis gadawyvetaSi.

braldebulis garkveuli epiTetiT moxsenieba

saqme: setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 615 A.2d 1105, 1113 (D.C. 1992)41, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva bralde-

bulisadmi _ `mSiSara egoisti~ da `rvafexa.~ (rvafexa imitom,

rom `roca rvafexas eSinia is wyalSi Sav melans uSvebs.~).

saqme: doi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 583 A.2d 670, 676 (D.C. 1990)42, araeTikuria prokuroris mier braldebulis `cud pirovnebad~

moxsenieba.

braldebulis cnobil adamianebTan Sedareba

saqme: matisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 513 A.2d 1344, 1348 (D.C. 1986)43, prokuroris mier braldebulis `naTlimamasTan~ Sedar-

ebam gadawyvetilebis gauqmeba gamoiwvia, vinaidan dairRva samar-

Tliani sasamarTlos ufleba.

saqme: harisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 430 A.2d 536, 540-41 (D.C. 1981)44, araeTikuria prokuroris mier braldebulis Sedareba

`mafiis naTlimamasTan.~


42 doi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Doe v. United States 583 A.2d 670, 676 (D.C. 1990)).

43 matisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mathis v. United States 513 A.2d 1344, 1348 (D.C. 1986)).

44 harisi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Harris v. United States 430 A.2d 536, 540-41 (D.C. 1981)).

93

braldebulis `profesional kriminalad~ moxsenieba

saqme: finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)45, miuRebelia prokuroris mier nasamarTlobis mqone braldebulis

Cvenebis daxasiaTeba _ `qurdobaSi da narkotikebiT vaWrobaSi

msjavrdebuli adamianis sityvebi.~

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis

marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(g) da 305.8(d).

gancxadeba, rom braldebuli saSiSiasazogadoebisTvis

saqme: dardeni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg, 477 U.S. 168, 180 (1986)46, araeTikuria prokuroris mier gancxadebis gakeTeba, rom mxolod braldebulis sikvdiliT dasja uzrunvelyofs msgavsi

danaSaulis aRkveTas.



miTiTeba braldebulis warsulSi nasamarTlobaze

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 238: braldebulis nasamarTloba

`verdiqtis gamocxadebamde nafic msajulebs ar unda ecno-

boT braldebulis adrindeli sisxlis samarTlis an adminis-

traciul pasuxisgebaSi yofnis an nasamarTlobis Sesaxeb (Tu

es ar aris wardgenili braldebis erT-erTi makvalificirebeli

45 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Finch v. Unites States 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)).

46 dardeni ueinraiTis winaaRmdeg (Darden v. Wainwright 477 U.S. 168, 180 (1986)).

94

niSani an/da gamiznuli ar aris braldebulis Cvenebis sandoobis

Sesamowmeblad), agreTve nebismieri sxva mtkicebulebis Sesaxeb,

romelsac kavSiri ara aqvs bralis damtkicebasTan.~

saqme: finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)47, miuRebelia prokuroris mier nasamarTlobis mqone braldebulis

Cvenebis daxasiaTeba _ `qurdobaSi da narkotikebiT vaWrobaSi

msjavrdebuli adamianis sityvebi.~

saqme: lii aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 562 A.2d 1202, 1205 (D.C. 1989)48, miuRebelia prokuroris gancxadeba: `ufro metad savaraudoa

braldebulma, rogorc pirovnebam, visac SeuZlia sxvisi nivTebis

moparva, ar Tqvas simarTle~ _ vinaidan es gancxadeba gulisx-

mobs braldebulis midrekilebis mis winaaRmdeg mtkicebulebad

gamoyenebas.



jgufur crurwmenebze/winaswar ganwyobebzeapelireba

sazogadoebis garkveul jgufebSi damkvidrebul cru-

rwmenebze apelireba miuRebelia, vinaidan aseTi qmedeba ar aris

relevanturi sasamarTlo procesis kanonier miznebTan mimarTe-

baSi, braldebuls uspobs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas

da mimarTulia msajulTa emociebze aramarTebuli zegavlenis

moxdenisaken.

47 finCi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Finch v. Unites States 867A.2d222,227 (D.C.2005)).

48 lii aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Lee v. United States, 562 A.2d 1202, 1205 (D.C. 1989)).

95

miTiTeba rasobriv kuTvnilebaze

saqme: beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 766 A.2d 500, 508 (D.C. 2000)49, miuRebelia prokuroris mier advokatis rasistad moxsenieba

an raime komentaris gakeTeba damcvelis rasobrivi kuTvnilebis

Sesaxeb.

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlm-sajulebis standartebi; standarti 3-5.8(d) – `prokurorma ar unda gaakeTos imgvari gancxadeba, romelic xels SeuSlis msa-

julebs sakuTari valdebulebis SesrulebaSi, kerZod mxolod

ganxiluli mtkicebulebebis safuZvelze saqmis gadawyvetaSi.~

ixileT agreTve, standarti 3-5.8(g) – ̀ prokurorma ar unda gaa-

keTos dauSvebeli gancxadeba an komentari mosamarTlis an msa-

julTa winaSe, Segnebulad, maTi yuradRebis dauSvebel sakiTxze

gamaxvilebis mizniT.~

genderul diskriminaciaze an homofobiaze

apelireba

saqme: jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 625 A.2d 281, 284 (D.C. 1993)50, prokuroris araerTgzisi miTiTeba iseT sakiTxze, rogoric iyo

braldebulebs Soris savaraudo homoseqsualuri urTieroba,

CaiTvala Secdomad/darRvevad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sa-

samarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba gadawyvetilebis Secvlas dae-

dos safuZvlad.

saqme: lii benetis winaaRmdeg, 927 F. Supp. 97, 104-05 (S.D.N.Y. 1996)51, miuRebelad CaiTvala prokuroris mier aqcentis gakeTeba

genderul diskriminaciaze, kerZod, misi komentari imis Taobaze,

49 beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Bates v. United States 766 A.2d 500, 508 (D.C. 2000)).

50 jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Jones v. United States 625 A.2d 281, 284 (D.C. 1993)).51 lii benetis winaaRmdeg (Lee v. Bennett 927 F. Supp. 97, 104-05 (S.D.N.Y.

1996)).

96

rom dacvis mowmeTa Cvenebebi xsnis im mizezebs, Tu `ratom ar

aRiricxeba qveyanaSi Cadenili gaupatiurebis mravali SemTxveva.~

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.8(d) da 305.8(g).

apelireba klasobriv diskriminaciaze

saqme: aSS `Socony-Vacuum Oil Co”-s winaaRmdeg, 310 U.S. 150,239 (1940)52, miuRebelia nebismieri saxiT miniSneba klasobriv

diskriminaciaze. amgvarad, sasamarTlo mudmiv mzadyofnaSi unda

iyos, raTa ar moxdes xsenebuli diskriminaciis SemTxvevebi saq-

mis ganxilvisas.

saqme: brauni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 766 A.2d 530, 548 (D.C. 200153), prokuroris mier braldebulTa moxsenieba mdidar, Zalauflebis

mqone da qedmaRal eqimebad, CaiTvala imgvar gancxadebad, ro-

melic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba

safuZvlad daedos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas.


komentari regionTan dakavSirebiT

saqme: paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C. 1983)54, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris gancxadeba _ `am qveyanaSi

msajulebi wyveten...,~ vinaidan igi CaiTvala, rogorc msaju-

52 aSS “Socony-Vacuum Oil Co”-s winaaRmdeg (United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co 310 U.S. 150,239 (1940)).

53 brauni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Brown v. United States 766 A.2d 530, 548 (D.C. 2001)).

54 paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Powell v. United States 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C. 1983)).

97

lebSi erovnuli grZnobebisa da gancdebis gaRviZebis mcdeloba.


religiuri xasiaTis komentarebi

saqme: mailsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 374 A.2d 278, 283-84 (D.C. 1977)55, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mier daskvniT si-

tyvaSi benediqt arnoldsa da iuda iskariotelze miTiTeba.

saqme: vilakresi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 357 A.2d 423, 428 (D.C. 1976)56, prokuroris mier dazaralebulis `sikvdiliT dasjasa~

da iesos jvarcmas Soris paralelis gakeTeba CaiTvala imgvar

qmedebad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas

da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos saqmis xelaxla ganxilvas.

dacvis Teoriis dacinva an daknineba

saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 671 A.2d 428, 436 (D.C. 1995)57, miuRebelad CaiTvala prokuroris mimarTva advoka-tisadmi – `sircxvili Tqveni.~

saqme: kuri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 520 A.2d 255, 267 (D.C. 1987)58, aramarTebulad CaiTvala prokuroris mier sasamarTloze ga-keTebuli gancxadeba, rom rodesac advokati saubars mtkice-

55 mailsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Miles v. United States 374 A.2d 278, 283-84 (D.C. 1977)).

56 vilakresi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Villacres v. United States 357 A.2d 423, 428 (D.C. 1976)).

57 jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Johnson v. United States 671 A.2d 428, 436 (D.C. 1995)).

58 kuri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Curry v. United States 520 A.2d 255, 267 (D.C. 1987)).

98

bulebaTa falsifikaciaze iwyebs, es mianiSnebs, rom mas sxva xelmosaWidi argumenti gansaxilvel saqmeze ar gaaCnia.

saqme: paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C. 1983)59, aramarTebulad CaiTvala da gadawyvetilebis gadaxedva gamoiwvia prokuroris mier procesze gakeTebulma komentarma imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom advokatsac ar sjera sakuTari kli-entis.

saqme: beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 403 A.2d 1159, 1163 (D.C. 1979)60, miuRebelia prokuroris mier imaze apelireba, rom ad-vokatsac ar sjera sakuTari klientisa da dacvis poziciis.

saqme: beitsi belis winaaRmdeg, 2005 WL 659069, *9 (6th Cir. 2005)61, prokuroris komentari imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom, misi azriT, TviT advokatebsac ar sjerodaT sakuTari mowmeebis CaiT-vala imgvar Secdomad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarT-

los uflebas da SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos gadawyvetilebis

gadaxedvas.

mowmis Sesaxeb miuRebeli gancxadebis gakeTebamowmis `matyuarad~ moxsenieba

saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 594, 604 (D.C. 1989)62, miuRebelia prokuroris mier mowmis Cvenebis `sicrued~

moxsenieba.

saqme: jonsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 512 A.2d 253,257 (D.C.

59 paueli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Powell v. United States 455 A.2d 405,410 (D.C. 1983)).

60 beitsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Bates v. United States 403 A.2d 1159, 1163 (D.C. 1979)).

61 beitsi belis winaaRmdeg (Bates v. Bell 2005 WL 659069, *9 (6th Cir. 2005)).

62 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreas v. United States 565 A.2d 594, 604 (D.C. 1989)).

99

1986)63, miuRebelia prokuroris Semdegi gancxadeba: `bralde-

buli fiqrobda, rom mas tyuili gauvidoda.~

ixileT: saprokuroro saqmianobis erovnuli standartebi; wesi: 6.5(v), 77.1, 77.6.


miTiTeba imaze, rom urTierTobis specialuri xas-iaTidan gamomdinare SeuZlebelia mowmis dakiTxva

sisxli samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 50: piri, romelic ar aris valdebuli, iyos mowme

1. `mowmed dakiTxvisa da saqmisaTvis mniSvnelobis mqone in-

formaciis Semcveli sagnis, dokumentis, nivTierebis an sxva

obieqtis gadacemis valdebuleba ar ekisreba:

a) advokats – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis cno-

bili gaxda am saqmeSi advokatis movaleobis SesrulebasTan

dakavSirebiT;

b) advokats, romelic iuridiul daxmarebas uwevda pirs

dacvis miRebamde, _ im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misTvis

cnobili gaxda iuridiuli daxmarebis gawevasTan dakavSirebiT;

g) sasuliero pirs – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic misT-

vis cnobili gaxda aRsarebis an sxvagvarad gandobis Sedegad;

d) braldebulis axlo naTesavs;

e) saxalxo damcvels an mis mier uflebamosil pirs – im

faqtis gamo, romelic mas gaandes, rogorc saxalxo damcvels;

63 jonsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Jones v. United States 512 A.2d 253,257 (D.C. 1986)).

100

v) saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrs _ im faqtis gamo, ro-

melic mas gaandes, rogorc warmomadgenlobiTi organos wevrs;

z) mosamarTles – im garemoebis Sesaxeb, romelic sasamarT-

los TaTbiris saidumloebaa;

T) Jurnalists – profesiuli saqmianobisas miRebul in-

formaciasTan dakavSirebiT;

i) adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis) msxverpls – mosafiqre-

beli vadis ganmavlobaSi;

k) saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan Seqmnili specialuri

prevenciuli jgufis wevrs – im faqtis gamo, romelic mas

gaandes prevenciis erovnuli meqanizmis funqciebis Sesrulebi-

sas, Tu igi ar daTanxmdeba, misces Cveneba.~

amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsa-julebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.7(g) `miuRebelia proku-

roris mier mowmed iseTi piris gamoZaxeba, vinc ar aris val-

debuli misces Cveneba mocemul saqmeze da prokuroris qmedeba

ganpirobebulia mxolod im mizniT, raTa msajulebma dainaxon,

rom urTierTobis gansakuTrebuli xasiaTis gamo, mowme sarge-

blobs xsenebuli kanonieri uflebamosilebiT.~

msxverplze/dazaralebulze apelireba

miuRebelia msxverplis/dazaralebulis pirovnebaze apeli-

reba, vinaidan aseTi qmedeba ar aris relevanturi sasamarTlo

procesis kanonier miznebTan mimarTebaSi, braldebuls uspobs

samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da mimarTulia msajulTa

emociebze aramarTebuli zegavlenis moxdenisaken.

101

msajulTa dazaralebulis adgilze dayeneba

saqme: setelsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 615 A.2d 1105, 1113 (D.C. 1992)64, miuRebelad CaiTvala, prokuroris mowodeba msajulebi-

sadmi, raTa dafiqrebuliyvnen, Tu ra naTeli momavali eqneboda

12 wlis gardacvlils.

saqme: milsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 599 A.2d 775, 787 (D.C. 1991)65, miuRebelad CaiTvala, prokuroris mowodeba msajulebisadmi,

raTa dafiqrebuliyvnen, Tu ra tkivilsa da tanjvas ganicdida

gaupatiurebis msxverpli.

saqme: diqsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 72, 76 (D.C. 1989)66, miuRebelia prokuroris Txovna msajulebisadmi, raTa gaiTval-

iswinon is garemoeba, rom gardacvlilis Svilebi mamis gareSe

unda gaizardon.

saqme: klarki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 256 A.2d 782, 787 (D.C. 1969)67, miuRebelia prokurorma msajulebs sTxovos, sakuTari Tavis

msxverplis adgilze warmodgena.

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi; standarti: 3-5.6(b), 3-5.8(d) da 3-5.9.


65 milsi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Mills v. United States 599 A.2d 775, 787 (D.C. 1991)).

66 diqsoni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Dixon v. United States 565 A.2d 72, 76 (D.C. 1989)).

67 klarki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Clarke v. United States 256 A.2d 782, 787 (D.C. 1969)).

102

dResaswaulebze apelireba msajulTa emociebze zemoqmedebisaTvis

saqme: aSS peinis winaaRmdeg, 2 F.3d 706 (6th Cir. 1993)68, mi-uRebelia prokuroris mier Sobis dResaswaulze apelireba `im

gaTvliT, rom dazaralebulis mimarT msajulebis Zlieri Tana-

grZnoba gamoiwvios.~

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi. standarti: 3-5.6(b), 3-5.8(d) da 305.9.

saxelmwifo braldebis poziciis gaigivebadazaralebulTan

saqme: hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 476 A.2d 164, 172 (D.C. 1984)69, prokuroris mier, gardacvlilis poziciidan movle-

nebis aRwera, SemTxvevamde da SemTxvevis Semdeg, CaiTvala CaiT-

vala imgvar Secdomad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarT-


gadaxedvas.

ixileT: amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi. standarti: 3-5.6(b), 3-5.8(d) da 3-5.9.

dazaralebulisa da braldebulisuflebebis Sedareba

saqme: kaningemi zantis winaaRmdeg, 928 F.2d 1006, 1019-20 (11th

68 aSS peinis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Payne 2 F.3d 706 (6th Cir. 1993)).

69 hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Hawthorne v. United States 476 A.2d 164, 172 (D.C. 1984).

103

Cir. 1991)70, miuRebelia prokuroris mxridan imgvari gancxadebis

gakeTeba, rom is Seuracxyofilia braldebulis uflebiT –

gasamarTlebul iqnes nafic msajulTa mier.

saqme: bruksi kempis winaaRmdeg, 762 F.2d 1383, 1411 (11th Cir. 1985)71, miuRebelia prokuroris mier gancxadebis gakeTeba

braldebulis konstituciuri uflebiT sargeblobis Taobaze

da miTiTeba, rom dazaralebuli ar yofila Tanabrad daculi

kanonis mier.


miTiTeba imaze, rom mosamarTle da braldeba(saxelmwifo) erT mizans emsaxurebian

saqme: aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg, 78 F.3d 1370, 1380 (9th Cir. 1996)72, prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi, rom `saxelmwifo

braldeba da mosamarTle mouwodeben maT gadawyvetilebis miRebis

procesSi gaiTvaliswinon yvela mtkicebuleba~ (anu, mosamar-

Tlisa da braldebis mxaris erT konteqstSi xseneba), CaiT-

vala imgvar Secdomad, romelic arRvevs samarTliani sasamarT-


gadaxedvas.


70 kaningemi zantis winaaRmdeg (Cunningham v. Zant 928 F.2d 1006, 1019-20 (11th Cir. 1991)).

71 bruksi kempis winaaRmdeg (Brooks v. Kemp 762 F.2d 1383, 1411 (11th Cir. 1985)).

72 aSS frederikis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Frederick 78 F.3d 1370, 1380 (9th Cir. 1996)).

104

zewola calkeul msajulze an msajulTaSemadgenlobaze

msajulTa mowodeba `Seasrulon maTze dakisrebuli funqcia,~ gaswion samsaxuri, Seasrulon sazogadoe-bis sindisis funqcia, an gamoasworon sazogadoe-

baSi arsebuli ukanonoba

saqme: simonsi samxreT karolinas winaaRmdeg, 512 U.S. 154, 163 (1994)73, miuRebelia prokuroris mier, braldebulis sazoga-

doebriv saSiSroebaze miTiTeba, sasamarTloSi misi braleulo-

bis sakiTxis gadawyvetis etapze.

saqme: aSS iangis winaaRmdeg, 470 U.S. 1, 5-7 (1985)74, miuRe-blad iqna miCneuli prokuroris Semdegi mimarTva msajulebi-

sadmi: `Tqveni uflebaa gaamarTloT braldebuli, magram me ara

mgonia Tqveni, rogorc msajulebis saqme, kanonis sawinaaRmdego

faqtebis moZieba iyos.~

saqme: viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 318 U.S. 236, 247 (1943)75, mi-uRebelia prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi: `amerikel xals

Tqveni imedi aqvs qalbatonebo da batonebo, rom daicavT maT

msgavsi danaSaulebisgan. Cven omSi varT. Tqven valdebuli xarT

imoqmedoT.~

saqme: plameri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 813 A.2d 182, 191(D.C. 2002)76, miuRebelia prokuroris mier daskvniT sityvaSi `sazogadoebis

sindisze miTiTeba.~

73 simonsi samxreT karolinas winaaRmdeg (Simmons v. South Carolina 512 U.S. 154, 163 (1994)).

74 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Young 470 U.S. 1, 5-7 (1985)).75 viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Viereck v. United States 318 U.S. 236, 247

(1943)).76 plameri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Plummer v. United States 813 A.2d 182,

191(D.C. 2002)).

105

saqme: betli aSS-s winaaRmdeg,754 A.2d 312, 321 (D.C. 2000)77, miuRebelia prokuroris mimarTva msajulebisadmi, rom vinaid-

an saxelmwifo braldebis mier mowveuli mowmeebi SiSis qveS

iZleodnen Cvenebebs, msajulebma gamamtyunebeli verdiqtis miRe-

biT unda aRasrulon marTlmsajuleba.

saqme: viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 318 U.S. 236, 247 (1943)78, miuRebelia prokuroris gancxadeba msajulebisadmi, rom _ `es

aris omi. es aris mkacri, sastiki, sisxliani omi.~

replikis uflebiT borotad sargebloba

saqme: Catomi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 801 A.2d 92,101 (D.C. 2002)79, gansakuTrebiT miuRebelia prokuroris araeTikuri komentarebi

replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros.

saqme: porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 826 A.2d 398, 409 (D.C. 2003)80, miuRebelia prokuroris mier saqmis axali samarTlebri-

vi Teoriis (magaliTad, rogoricaa danaSaulSi Tanamonawileoba)

pirvelad wamoyeneba, replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros.

saqme: koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg, 565 A.2d 594, 600 (D.C. 1989)81, prokuroris mier replikis uflebiT sargeblobis dros, saqmis

axali Teoriis pirvelad gaJRereba, romelic axal faqtobriv

gareomoebebs eyrdnoboda, CaiTvala imgvar Secdomad, romelic

77 betli aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Battle v. United States 754 A.2d 312, 321 (D.C. 2000)).

78 viereki aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Viereck v. United States 318 U.S. 236, 247 (1943)).

79 Catomi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Chatmon v. United States 801 A.2d 92,101 (D.C. 2002)).

80 porteri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Porter v. United States 826 A.2d 398, 409 (D.C. 2003)).

81 koreasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Coreas v. United States 565 A.2d 594, 600 (D.C. 1989)).

106

arRvevs samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebas da SeiZleba safuZv-

lad daedos gadawyvetilebis gadaxedvas.

winasasamarTlo Suamdgomloba

winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dayeneba, braldebulis kanoniT garantirebuli uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, aSS-Si miRebuli praqtikaa. dacvis mxares, winasasamarTlo sxdomaze, ufleba aqvs daayenos Suamdgomloba mosamarTlis winaSe, prokurorisTvis braldebulis uflebebis da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis dar-Rvevis akrZalvis moTxovniT (prokuroris miuRebeli qceva/braldebis mxaris usamarTlo taqtika), rogorc Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvebis warmodgenis dros, aseve sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvis nebismier etapze.

qvemoT mocemulia zemoxsenebuli Suamdgomlobis dasasabuTeblad saWiro argumentacia, sxvadasxva SemTxvevis gaTvaliswinebiT da aSS-is kanonmdeblobisa da precedentebis gamoyenebiT. winamdebare qveTavSi, aseve CarTulia saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobidan amokrebili is normebi, romlebic Seesabameba mocemul SuamdgomlobaSi ganxilul sakiTxebs da SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes, analogiuri saxis Suamdgomlo-bebis dasasabuTeblad, saqarTvelos sasamarTloebSi.

saqarTvelos konstitucia, muxli 42, nawili I yovel adamians

ufleba aqvs Tavis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dasacavad mim-

arTos sasamarTlos.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 38: braldebulis ufleba-movaleobani; nawili 14. braldebuls aqvs Sua-mdgomlobis dayenebis ufleba. nawili 16 – am muxlSi moyvanili CamonaTvali ar zRudavs braldebulis uflebas, ganaxorcielos yvela sxva ufleba, romelic mas saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, maT Soris, saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT aqvs miniWebuli.

107

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 19 sasamarTlo, rogorc marTlmsajulebis organo; nawili II – marTlmsajulebis ganxorcielebaze uaris Tqma dauSvebelia. sasamarTlo valdebu-lia am kodeqsiT dadgenili wesiT, gansjadobis mixedviT ganixi-los sisxlis samarTlis saqme, Suamdgomloba da saCivari.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi, muxli 219 winasasamarT-lo sxdoma; nawili IV – winasasamarTlo sxdomis mosamarTle:

a) ganixilavs mxareTa Suamdgomlobebs mtkicebulebaTa dasaSvebobis Taobaze;

b) ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas aRkveTis RonisZiebis gamoy-enebis, Secvlis an gauqmebis Sesaxeb;

g) ganixilavs Suamdgomlobas saproceso konfiskaciis uz-runvelyofis mizniT;

d) ganixilavs mxareTa sxva Suamdgomlobebs;

e) wyvets arsebiTi ganxilvisaTvis saqmis gadacemis sakiTxs.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso kodeqsi,

muxli 93 Suamdgomlobis dayenebis ufleba da wesi;

nawili I – mxareebma Suamdgomloba SeiZleba daayenon am kodeqsiT pirdapir gaTvaliswinebul SemTxvevebSi da dadgenili

wesiT, sisxlis samarTlis procesis nebismier stadiaze.

nawili II – Suamdgomloba SeiZleba iyos werilobiTi an

zepiri. werilobiTi Suamdgomloba unda daerTos sisxlis samar-

Tlis saqmes. zepiri Suamdgomloba Setanil unda iqnes oqmSi.

nawili VI – sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas Suamdgomlo-

108

bis dasayeneblad da dasasabuTeblad sasamarTlo mxares ganusaz-Rvravs gonivrul vadas.

nawili VII – sasamarTloSi saqmis ganxilvisas dayenebul SuamdgomlobasTan dakavSirebiT poziciis gamosaxatavad sa-samarTlo mxares ganusazRvravs gonivrul vadas.

braldebulis uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelyofis mizniT dayeneb-uli Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba Tavidan agvacilebs saxelmwifo braldebis mxridan miuRebeli argumentebis moSveliebis an/da mowmis miuRebeli saxiT dakiTxvis faqtebs.

aSS-is mecxre olqis saapelacio sasamarTlos ganmartebiT,

zemoxsenebuli winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis `arsi imaSi md-

gomareobs, rom ar iqnes daSvebuli oponenti mxaris mier iseTi

kiTxvis dasma an imgvari komentaris gaJRereba sasamarTloSi

saqmis ganxilvis, maT Soris, Sesavali/daskvniTi sityvis war-

modgenis dros (an, sxvagvarad msajulebisTvis iseTi informa-

ciis miwodeba), romlis xsenebac ki, Suamdgomlobis avtoris az-

riT, saziano iqneba saqmis SedegisaTvis~. (Barnd v. City of Tacoma, 664 F.2d 1339, 1343 (9th Cir. 1982)82. amis msgavsad (McCormick on Evidence §52, at 74 (4th ed. 1992)) aSSis sxva sasamarTlo aRniSnavs,

rom `amgvari Suamdgomlobis mizania, daicvas nafici msajulebi

saziano da dauSvebeli mtkicebulebebis miwodebisagan, an Seqmnas

safuZveli strategiuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad.~ rogorc

wina TavSi aRvniSneT, sasamarTlo ganxilvis dros, bralmdeb-

lis mier saprokuroro eTikis darRveva (usamarTlo taqtikis

gamoyeneba), rogorc wesi, iwvevs konstituciiT garantirebuli

braldebulis uflebebis uxeS darRvevas da nafici msajulebis

uaryofiTad ganwyobas braldebulis mimarT. am TavSi ganxiluli

Suamdgomlobis winasasamarTlo sxdomaze dayeneba ki, misi da-

kmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi dagvexmareba, raTa Tavidan aviciloT

braldebulis kanonieri uflebebis darRvevis faqti, saxelmwifo

82 barndi qalaq takomas winaaRmdeg (Barnd v. City of Tacoma, 664 F.2d 1339, 1343 (9th Cir. 1982)).

109

bralmdebelisaTvis miuRebeli/dauSvebeli gancxadebis gakeTebis da/an argumentis moyvanis akrZalvis gziT.

amgvari winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dayenebis mizani, igivea rac mosamarTlis roli sasamarTlo procesze, kerZod, is uzrunvelyofs braldebulis konstituciuri uflebebis dacvas sisxlis samarTlis saqmis ganxilvis procesSi. aSS-i sasamarT-loebi didi xania miuTiTeben, rom mosamarTleebs akisriaT pa-suxismgebloba _ ar dauSvan prokuroris araeTikuri/miuRebeli saqcieli saqmis ganxilvisas. saqmeze aSS iangis winaaRmdeg83, aSS-is uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebaSi vkiTxulobT, `xazs vusvamT, rom mosamarTlea pasuxismgebeli uzrunvelyos dadgenili normebis/wesebis dacva sasamarTlo procesze. igi ar aris mxolod sasamarTlo sxdomis wamyvani (moderatori), aramed misi mmarTvelia, imdenad, ramdenadac pasuxismgebelia mis saTanadod Catarebaze.~ agreTve, saintereso gadawyvetileba iqna miRebuli saqmeze, mahorni uolmanis winaaRmdeg,84 sadac zemd-gomma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom dacvis mxaris Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebaze uaris Tqmis sanacvlod, riTic praqtikulad oficialuri mxardaWera gamoucxada braldebis mxaris aramarTe-bul argumentacias, mosamarTles unda emoqmeda mis aRsakveTad. aSS-is uzenaesma sasamarTlom agreTve xazi gausva im faqts, rom `prokuroris aramarTebulma qcevam SesaZloa, sasamarTlo imdenad daainficiros `usamarTlobiT,~ rom Sedegad, saqmeze miRebuli gamamtyunebeli gadawyvetileba aSkarad Seusabamo aR-

moCndes samarTliani sasamarTlos moTxovnebTan.~ 85

aSS-is federaluri sasamarTloebis msgavsad, kolumbiis

olqis saapelacio sasamarTloc didi xania aRiarebs da xazs

usvams mosamarTlis rols _ aRkveTos prokuroris mxridan

aramarTebuli gancxadebis gakeTebis yvela SemTxveva. saqmeSi To-

83 aSS iangis winaaRmdeg (United States v. Young, 470 U.S. 1, 10 (1985)).84 mahorni uolmanis winaaRmdeg (Mahorney v. Wallman, 917 F.2d 469, 473

(1Oth Cir. 1990)).85 grieri mileris winaaRmdeg (Greer v. Miller, 483, U.S. 756, 765 (1987)).

110

masi aSS-s winaaRmdeg,86 saapelacio sasamarTlom dagmo pirve-

li instanciiT saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTlis arasaTanado

(rbili) reaqcia prokuroris aramarTebuli saqcielis mimarT

da xazi gausva, aseT SemTxvevebSi swrafad da gadaWriT mo-

qmedebis aucileblobas. amis msgavsad, aSS-Si sxvadasxva Sta-

tis sasamarTloebsac araerTxel gaumaxvilebiaT yuradReba ima-

ze, rom `pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos mosamarTles kargi

SesaZlebloba aqvs saTanadod akontrolos mTlianad procesis

mimdinareoba. mas SeuZlia mosTxovos mxareebs Sewyviton ar-

amarTebuli gancxadebis gakeTeba, xolo nafic msajulebs misces

imgvari miTiTeba, romelic gamoasworebs miuRebeli gancxadebis

Sedegad gamowveul zians.87~ saqmeSi _ saxelmwifo mosis winaaR-mdeg88, naTqvamia, rom pirveli instanciis sasamarTlom Secdoma

dauSva, ar imoqmeda ra `sua sponte~ (laT. `sakuTari iniciativiT~ – aRniSnavs mosamarTlis qmedebas sakuTari iniciativiT, mxaree-bis Suamdgomlobis gareSe) arasaTanado gancxadebiT gamowveuli

Sedegis gamosasworeblad. amerikis iuristTa asociaciis, sisx-lis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebSi ki, pirdapir aris gansazRvruli, rom `pirveli instanciis sasamrTloa pa-

suxismgebeli, raTa uzrunvelyos, rom nafici msajulebis winaSe

warmodgenili daskvniTi sityva ar gascdes saTanado, misaReb

farglebs.~ 89

braldebis mxare, kanonis safuZvelze ver gaaprotestebs wina-sasamarTlo Suamdgomlobas, romelic mas mouwodebs _ gakeTebuli

86 Tomasi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Thomas v. United States, 557 A.2d 1296, 1304 (D.C. 1989)).

87 iatesi aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Yates v. State, 103 Nev. 200, 205-206, 734 P.2d 1252, 1256 (1987)).

88 saxelmwifo mosis winaaRmdeg (State v. Moss, 376 S.E.2d 569, 574 (W.Va.1988)).

89 amerikis iuristTa asociacia, sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis standartebi (ABA Standards for Criminal Justice), prokuraturis funqciebTan dakavSirebuli standartebi, standarti: 3-5.8

111

gancxadebebi da moyvanili argumentebi Seusabamos kanonis moTxovnebs.

im gansakuTrebuli rolis gaTvaliswinebiT, rasac proku-

ratura asrulebs sisxlis samarTlis marTlmsajulebis siste-

maSi, saxelmwifo braldeba ver wava kanonis moTxovnaTa dacviT

dayenebuli winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis winaaRmdeg da Sesa-

bamisad, ver gaaprotestebs misi dakmayofilebis faqts. saqarT-

velos kanonmdebloba araTu ukrZalavs braldebis mxares, iseTi

aramarTebuli/miuRebeli qmedebis ganxorcielebas, romelzec

wina TavSi gvqonda saubari, aramed avaldebulebs mas uzrun-

velyos braldebulis konstituciuri uflebebis dacva. aSS-is

uzenaesma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom prokurori aris ara mx-

olod erT-erTi dapirispirebuli mxaris, aramed saxelmwifo

xelisuflebis warmomadgenelic, romlis valdebuleba – mar-

Tos miukerZoeblad, iseve mniSvnelovania, rogorc saxelmwifo

marTvis zogadi valdebuleba; Sesabamisad, misi interesia ara

procesis mogeba, aramed marTlmsajulebis ganxorcieleba.90

aSS-is mecxre olqis sasamarTlom gadawyvetilebaSi, saqmeze _

CrdiloeT marianas kunZulebis Tanamegobroba mendiolas winaaR-mdeg 91 (romelic gauqmda sxva mizezebis gamo92), daadgina, rom

`prokuroris valdebulebaa uzrunvelyos braldebuli samar-

Tliani da miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo procesiT.~ sainteresoa

agreTve, gadawyvetilebebi saqmeebze: hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg93 da brauni borgis winaaRmdeg94, sadac naTqvamia, rom prokuroris roli aris ara is, rom msjavri dasdos pirs, aramed _ miaRwios

braldebulis samarTlian msjavrdebas. imis gaTvaliswinebiT,

90 bergeri aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88 (1935)).91 CrdiloeT marianas kunZulebis Tanamegobroba mendiolas winaaRmdeg

(Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands v.Mendiola, 976 F.2d 475, 486 (9th Cir. 1992)).

92 jorji kamaCos winaaRmdeg (George v. Camacho, 119 F.3d 1393 (9th Cir.1997)).

93 hotorni aSS-s winaaRmdeg (Hawthorne v. United States, 476 A.2d 164, 173 (D.C. 1984)).

94 brauni borgis winaaRmdeg (Brown v. Borg, 951 F.2d 1011, 1015 (9th Cir. 1991)).

112

rom saqarTvelos konstituciisa da sisxlis samarTlis sapro-

ceso kodeqsis moTxovnaTa Sesabamisad, prokurori valdebulia

pativi sces braldebulis uflebebs da xeli Seuwyos maT re-

alizaciaSi, saxelmwifo braldebas ar aqvs kanonieri safuZveli

gaasaCivros an winaaRmdegi iyos, dacvis mxaris mier dayeneb-

uli, amgvari winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dakmayofilebisa.

braldebis mxare ra Tqma unda, ver daiwyebs imis mtkicebas,

rom prokurorebs aqvT ufleba Caidinon miuRebeli saqcieli;

saxelmwifo braldeba verc imas idavebs, rom sasamarTlom ar

unda daakmayofilos Suamdgomloba, romelic Seesabamaba kanons

da romlis Sesrulebac savaldebuloa prokurorisaTvis. aseve,

sasamarTlo, Tavis mxriv ver CaTvlis, rom prokurorebi da-

icaven maTze dakisrebul valdebulebebs am mimarTulebiT da ver

gaiziarebs saxelmwifo braldebis arguments imis Taobaze, rom

winasasamarTlo Suamdgomlobis dakmayofileba ar aris saWiro,

rameTu prokurorebma kargad ician sakuTari eTikuri valdebule-bebis Sesaxeb.

moqmedebebi, romelTa ganxorcieleba moeTxoveba sasamarTlos saq-mis ganxilvis etapze, braldebis mxaris mier braldebulis uflebebis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi.

Tu sisxlis samarTlis saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis pro-

cesSi, braldebis mxare daarRvevs braldebulis uflebebs,

prokuroris sasamarTlosadmi upativcemulobaSi dadanaSaulebis

garda, braldebuli aseve, uflebamosilia mosTxovos sasamarT-

los Semdegi qmedebebis ganxorcieleba:

im SemTxvevaSi, Tu prokurori daarRvevs braldebulis

uflebebs da Caidens imgvar aramarTebul saqciels, romelsac

garkveulwilad, SevexeT wina TavSi moyvanili sasamarTlo

gadawyvetilebebiT, saqmis ganmxilveli mosamarTle valdebulia

moaxdinos adekvaturi reagireba braldebulis uflebebis dac-

vis uzrunvelyofis mizniT da nafic msajulebs misces saTanado

113

instruqciebi, raTa moxdes bralmdeblis aramarTebuli qceviT

gamowveuli zianis gamosworeba. sasamarTlos mier mxolod ima-

ze miTiTeba, rom msajulebma ar gaiTvaliswinon prokuroris

aramarTebuli saqcieli (gancxadeba), ver iqneba miCneuli adekva-

tur reagirebad da SesaZloa ufro metadac ki daamZimos proku-

roris aramarTebuli qceviT miyenebuli ziani. arasasurveli

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, mosamarTlem minimum, garkve-

viT unda auxsnas nafic msajulebs, Tu ra faqts hqonda adgili

sasamarTlo procesze da ra saxis darRveva Caidina prokurorma.

es niSnavs, rom man unda gasagebad ganumartos msajulebs, rom

prokurori Seecada maTze zemoqmedebis moxdenas dauSvebeli da

arakanonieri meTodiT da Sesabamisad, maT mier amgvari aramarTe-

buli qcevis Sedegad miRebuli informaciis, raime formiT gaT-

valiswineba gadawyvetilebis miRebis porcesSi, gamoiwvevs _

nafici msajulis, kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli movaleobis uxeS

darRvevas.

amrigad, Tu sasamarTlo miiCnevs, rom mas ZaluZs gamoas-

woros prokuroris aramarTebuli qcevis Sedegad miyenebuli

ziani msajulebisTvis axsna-ganmartebiTi miTiTebis micemis gziT,

man dauyovnebliv unda `gaakeTos gancxadeba msajulebis misamar-

TiT, romelic sruliad daabalansebs braldebulis interesebi-

saTvis prokuroris gancxadebiT miyenebul zians.~ 95magaliTad,

saqmeze: xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg96, prokuroris daskvniT

sityvaSi gaiJRera miniSnebam braldebulis warsulSi nasamarT-

lobasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac sinamdvileSi adgili ar hqonia.

sasamarTlom am SemTxvevaSi miiCnia ra, rom am darRvevis Sedegad

miyenebuli zianis gamosworeba SesaZlebeli iyo Sesabamisi axsna-

ganmartebis micemis gziT, man nafic msajulebs Semdegi Sinaarsis

sityviT mimarTa:

95 xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg (People v. Bolton, 23 Cal. 3d 208, 589 P.2d 396, 400 n. 5 (1970)).

96 xalxi boltonis winaaRmdeg (People v. Bolton, 23 Cal. 3d 208, 589 P.2d 396, 400 n. 5 (1970)).

114

`qalbatonebo da batonebo, pativcemulo msajulebo, proku-rorma es-es aris gaakeTa garkveuli miuRebeli miniSnebebi bral-debulis Taobaze. minda icodeT, rom bralmdebels ar gaaCnia araviTari mtkicebuleba, rac daadasturebda mis mier miniSnebu-li faqtis WeSmaritebas. prokuroris es miuRebeli gancxadeba, uTanabrdeba mcdelobas, raTa uaryofiTad gangawyoT bralde-bulis mimarT. Tu Tqven gaiziarebdiT am dausabuTebel insinu-aciebs (monaWori) da amis safuZvelze gaamtyunebdiT bralde-buls, mogviwevda arSemdgari sasamarTlo procesis gamocxadeba. Sesabamisad, mogiwodebT, rom Tqven unda ugulebelyoT es miuRe-beli da dausabuTebeli gancxadebebi.~

daskvna

rogorc dasawyisSive aRvniSneT, prokurorTa umetesoba

icavs dadgenil wesebs da samarTlianad warmoadgens saqmes sa-

samarTloSi, Tumca praqtikaSi gvxvdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac

braldebis mxaris mier xdeba dadgenili wesebis darRveva daS-

vebuli Secdomebis Tu sakuTari poziciis mtkicebis procesSi

moWarbebuli enTuziazmis gamo. xSir SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs

braldebulis uflebebis imgvar darRvevebTan, romlebic xels

uSlian nafic msajulTa mier samarTliani da miukerZoebeli

gadawyvetilebis miRebas. winamdebare Tavis pirvel nawilSi

ganxilul iqna aSS-is sasamarTlo praqtika, sadac asaxulia is

konkretuli SemTxvevebi, rodesac prokuroris esa Tu is qceva,

mosamarTlis mier miCneul iqna miuReblad da braldebulis

uflebebis uxeS darRvevad. aRniSnuli dagexmarebaT, SeiqmnaT

zogadi warmodgena imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra SeiZleba CaiTvalos

prokuroris mxridan braldebulis uflebebis imgvar darRvevad,

romelmac SesaZloa TqvenTvis, rogorc dacvis mxarisTvis, arasa-

surveli Sedegi gamoiwvios.

ismis kiTxva: rogor aviciloT Tavidan prokuroris miuRe-beli saqcieliT gamowveuli arasasurveli Sedegi?

115

aSS-is saukeTeso praqtikis Tanaxmad, amgvari Sedegis Tavi-

dan acilebis yvelaze efeqturi saSualebaa:

a) winasasamarTlo sxdomaze aRZruli Suamdgomlobis safuZvel-ze moipovoT mosamarTlis ganCineba, romelic winaswar gaafrTxilebs prokurors, raTa ar moxdes braldebulis uflebebisa da samarTliani sasamarTlos uflebis darRveva saqmis ganxilvis mimdinareobisas;

b) iyoT srul mzadyofnaSi, raTa Sesabamisi darRvevis dafiq-sirebisTanave, moaxdinoT reagireba da droulad ganacxadoT pro-testi. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom winaswar mopovebuli ganCinebis

upiratesoba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom izrdeba Tqven mier gacxade-

buli protestis dakmayofilebis Sansebi, ris Semdgomac Tqven

saSualeba mogecemaT sTxovoT mosamarTles misces saTanado

ganmartebebi da Sesabamisi instruqciebi waukiTxos nafic msa-

julTa mTel Semadgenlobas.

116

georgia - opening statement, closing argument manual, 2014

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