geothermal 101: ground sourced heat pumps for beginners · cooling modes • elimination of fossil...

EggGeothermal Consulting

NYSERDA Provider Number 1034

Geothermal 101: Ground Sourced Heat Pumps for Beginners NYGEO-2017 Jay Egg, CMC

©2016 EggGeothermal All Rights Reserved 1

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Geothermal 101: Ground Sourced Heat Pumps for Beginners

©EggGeothermal Consulting 2017 2

How Much Installed Capacity?


GSHP Market Space

As of 2009: • "Hot Rock" Geothermal

(Electricity): – Installed capacity: 3,048 MW_e, – Production Rate: 16,603

GWh_e/year

• Direct Use (Thermal): – Installed capacity: 611.5 MW_t, – Production Rate: 2,542

GWh_t/year

• Geothermal Heat Pumps (Thermal): – Installed capacity: 12,000 MW_t, – Production Rate: 13,167

GWh_t/year

Figures on Geothermal market size are hard to find since EIA stopped measuring the GHP market in 2009. But, the National Academies

of Science recently published a report that includes an estimate of the Geothermal market in 2009. See page 43 in: "Emerging

Workforce Trends in the U.S. Energy and Mining Industries: A Call to Action.“ –Bob Wyman, Geothermal Consultant ©EggGeothermal Consulting 2017 4

http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18250/emerging-workforce-trends-in-the-us-energy-and-mining-industries




Resource Sustainability

Why should we care about Ground Source

Heating and Cooling Technology?

(Segment 2)

If we use combustion heating, then we have little or no choice what we pay for fuel. Go with geothermal heating and cooling, and we let the ever improving electrical grid make the choice. And the bonus is that with every solar, wind, or other renewable improvement to the grid, we are doing our part to help the environment.

-Green Builder Media

Geothermal is an Electrically Powered Technology


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Basic Standards

Design Parameters


Geothermal Concepts


Efficiency Ratings: EER and COP

• Energy Efficiency Rating (EER) is often used for Cooling Efficiency

• EER is the is the Net Cooling Capacity/Applied Energy in watts

• Coefficient of Performance (COP) is often used for Heating Efficiency

• COP is the BTUs delivered/BTUs consumed

1 watt of electricity = 3.412 BTU EER = COP x 3.412

9 ©2016 EggGeothermal All Rights Reserved

Efficiency Ratings: COP

• 3 ton GHP = 36000 BTUH

• Consumes 7200 BTUH, or 2110 watts (7200/3.412)

• Delivers 36,000 BTU, or 10,550 watts of heat

• 36,000/7200= 5.0 COP

• 5.0 COP(x3.412)=17 EER

• This 3 ton GHP generates 10550-2110= 8440 watts of energy each hour it runs

3 tons / 36000 BTUH Load

2.1 kWh consumed

36,000 BTUH

Delivered

28,800 BTU from the Earth

7200 BTU from the

grid 10.5 kW of Heat

EER = COP x 3.412 1 watt of electricity = 3.412 BTU


Efficiency Rating: EER

• 3 ton GHP = 36000 BTUH

• Consumes 2110 watts

• Moves 36,000 BTU, or 10,550 Watts back into the Earth

• 36,000 BTU/2110 w = 17 EER

• 17 EER(/ 3.412) = 5 COP

EER = COP x 3.412 1 watt of electricity = 3.412 BTU


Manual and Simplified (Time Consuming)


Automated (Better)

Associated Ground Exchanger Software criteria:

• The ground loop is designed applying ASHRAE methodology, but runs the heat pump equipment in each building zone hourly not once a year at max load conditions.

• ASHRAE design conditions and 8760 climate libraries are built-in saving time and improving accuracy.

• Calculates the energy cost of each building zone during the ground loop design.

• Analyses the payback years for excess design contingency immediately, so the designer can determine the cost of recovery of the installed ground loop.

• Operates the heat pump equipment in a realistic manner…changes from 1st stage to 2nd stage, or variable speed at the appropriate hour of operation.

• Applies to residential and commercial projects, and is the only design method that meets the commercial standard ANSI/CSA C448-Series-16.


Hourly Data

• Geothermal Heat Pump Design Simulation and Analysis will provide an accurate basis for determining the cost of recovery of the installed ground loop. The Koop method runs the heat pump equipment hourly in each individual zone and calculates the energy operating cost of each building zone during the ground loop design, so the payback years for excess design contingency can immediately be evaluated. This method applies to residential and commercial projects, and is the only commercial design method that meets the standard ANSI/CSA C448- Series-16.


The effect of air flow and insulation


How comfort is measured


Psychrometric Key


Thermodynamics and HVAC Systems


Less Energy to move BTUs in Water


Understanding efficiency


Sharing Thermal Energy


Chiller Plant or Distributed GHPs?


Operational Characteristics


Hidden Benefits of Geothermal

• Elimination of outdoor equipment

• Elimination of Water Consumption

• Elimination of Legionnaires threat (from cooling towers) NYC Headline

• Increased efficiency in cooling

• Longer life (all inside)

• Storm and weather proof (NYT


Geothermal HVAC Reduces Various Challenges


Geothermal Frees Up Space


Geothermal Saves Water and Much More (Compared with Cooling Towers)


Testing and Layout


GSHP Market Constructions Variations

Salt Lake City

Fire Fighting NY City Trevor Day School

“Energy Piles”


New Developments Coming On-Line


Use of Water-Mains as a Geothermal Source


Valley Stream Elementary in New York


Upgrade Gas Lines to Geothermal?

Natural gas has a potential heat production of 1028 btu/cf

1 cf of water = 62.43 lbs

Delta T of 10F = 624 btu/cf of water

Delta T of 20F = 1248 btu/cf of water

Most GHPs (geothermal heat pumps) are designed to

extract/reject up to 10F. The velocity would be higher than

normal for GEO to achieve this (at the same size), so sizing up

the pipe appropriately would be favorable.


Natural Gas to Geothermal

The utilities

are still

selling

energy:

Now its

renewable

energy


Water or Gas Main Distribution of Geothermal Energy


Geothermal (Ground Source) Heat Pumps


All That Most Need to Know About Geothermal Heat Pumps:


Hidden Assets of Geothermal

• Elimination of outdoor equipment

• Superior comfort in heating and cooling modes

• Elimination of fossil fuel consumption (on-site)

• Enabling thermal load sharing (Pool/water heating)

• Longevity of system

• Storm proofing (NYT)

• Elimination of fresh water consumption (usually from cooling towers)


The Geothermal Source: Multiple Types of Exchangers


Different Applications


Thank you!

• Much more in the books…


geothermal 101: ground sourced heat pumps for beginners · cooling modes • elimination of fossil...

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