geothermal heat pumps q & a · carl orio, chairman, cgd, ai water energy distributors inc...
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![Page 1: GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS Q & a · Carl Orio, Chairman, CGD, AI Water Energy Distributors Inc “Modern Geothermal HVAC Engineering Applications and Controls-McGraw-Hill 2013” TSA Chairman](https://reader034.vdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050300/5f699e3ca217b35b2e10b434/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
Q & aQ & aQ & aQ & aQ & aQ & aQ & aQ & a
Carl Orio, Chairman, CGD, AI
Water Energy Distributors IncWater Energy Distributors Inc
“Modern Geothermal HVAC Engineering Applications and Controls-
McGraw-Hill 2013”
TSA Chairman Us-CSA Standards 448.6 & 448.7 (in Draft)
2 Starwood Drive Hampstead NH 03841 (603) 329-8122
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SUMMARY
RENEWABLE ENERGY
HARVESTING RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE AMPLIFIERS
GEO HEAT PUMPS & EARTH GEO HEAT PUMPS & EARTH
COUPLING
HEAT PUMP EFFICIENCIES
MODULATING HEAT PUMPS
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QQQQQQQQ
ARE GEOTHERMAL HEAT
PUMPS RENEWABLE PUMPS RENEWABLE
ENERGY DEVICES?
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Where Does the Earth Get Its Energy ?
sun
2D-500EarthOptions– 4
sun
core
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•• The source of Earth The source of Earth
Energy is derived from Energy is derived from
nuclear nuclear reactionsreactions
•• The majority comes from The majority comes from
our sunour sun
2D-500EarthOptions– 5
our sunour sun
50% 50% OF OF THIS THIS ENERGY IS STORED IN ENERGY IS STORED IN
THE EARTH’s WATERSTHE EARTH’s WATERS
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2D-500EarthOptions– 6
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“The amount of solar energy reaching the “The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in surface of the planet is so vast that in
one year it is about one year it is about TWICETWICE
as much as will everas much as will ever
be obtained from all of the Earth's nonbe obtained from all of the Earth's non--
“The amount of solar energy reaching the “The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in surface of the planet is so vast that in
one year it is about one year it is about TWICETWICE
as much as will everas much as will ever
be obtained from all of the Earth's nonbe obtained from all of the Earth's non--be obtained from all of the Earth's nonbe obtained from all of the Earth's non--renewable resources of coal, oil, renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium natural gas, and mined uranium
combined“combined“
Stanford University’sStanford University’s
Global Climate & Energy ProjectGlobal Climate & Energy Project
be obtained from all of the Earth's nonbe obtained from all of the Earth's non--renewable resources of coal, oil, renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium natural gas, and mined uranium
combined“combined“
Stanford University’sStanford University’s
Global Climate & Energy ProjectGlobal Climate & Energy Project
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IsIsIsIs
WATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWATERWATER
2D-500EarthOptions– 8
IsIsIsIs
RENEWABLERENEWABLEENERGY
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WATER IS THE MOST EFFICIENT WATER IS THE MOST EFFICIENT NATURAL HEAT TRANSFER NATURAL HEAT TRANSFER
SUBSTANCESUBSTANCE
4X4X more effective “Energy Transfer” Substancemore effective “Energy Transfer” Substance
Air = 0.24 Air = 0.24 cal/g/ºCcal/g/ºC
Water =Water = 1.00 1.00 cal/g /ºC cal/g /ºC
11. More Energy Transfer at any Temperature. More Energy Transfer at any Temperature
2. Higher Overall 2. Higher Overall EfficiencyEfficiency
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What Does the US EPA
have to Say About Geothermal Heat Pumps?
•• Lowest Cost Heating & CoolingLowest Cost Heating & Cooling•• Lowest Cost Heating & CoolingLowest Cost Heating & Cooling
•• Best for the Air EnvironmentBest for the Air Environment
•• Best for Electric UtilitiesBest for Electric Utilities
EPA Report 430EPA Report 430--RR--9393--004 004 -- Space Conditioning the Next Space Conditioning the Next FrontierFrontier
Water Energy Distributors, Inc. - copyright
2012
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QQQQQQQQ
CAN A GEO HEAT PUMP
AMPLIFY OTHER AMPLIFY OTHER
RENWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES?
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Building HEATING
AMPLIFY AlternativeAlternative Energy w/ Geothermal Heat PumpsGeothermal Heat Pumps
=55 Units Heat Heat
EnergyEnergy TO the
COP= COP= 5.05.0
+
4 to 5 4 to 5 Units Units FROMFROM the the
EarthEarth
=EnergyEnergy TO the
BUILDINGBUILDING
11 Electric Electric
EnergyEnergy
+NOW NOW
COP= COP=
5.95.9
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Renewable Energy’s best friend!
Solar Thermal 19.9 –28.1
¢/kW
5.2 5.2 –– 7.4 7.4
¢/¢/kWkW
Solar Photo
Voltaic
46.9 - 70.5 12.3 12.3 –– 18.6 18.6
¢/¢/kWkW
Renew Alone* W/GeoHeatPump**
¢/kWVoltaic ¢/¢/kWkW
Deep
Geothermal
6.2 - 7.6
¢/kW
1.6 1.6 –– 2.0 2.0
¢/¢/kWkW
Wind 6.1 – 8.4
¢/kW
1.6 1.6 –– 2.2 2.2
¢/¢/kWkW
Ocean N/A•SCIAMERICAN –MARCH 2009
**COP =3.8
¢/kW
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Storing Renewable Energy
STORAGE METHOD Typical Cost / kWhour Cost to Retrieve/kWhour
Fuel Cells $ 2,000 50% loss
Batteries
•MA-DOER-903.ppt 14
Batteries
Stationary
Auto
$ 500 - $ 600
$ 150 - $ 300
25 – 35 % loss
Stored Air/Water Pressure $ 6,000 - $ 7,000 varies
Earth Waters - $ 0 - 0.005 watts
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What Does the US EPA
have to Say About Geothermal Heat Pumps?
•• Lowest Cost Heating & CoolingLowest Cost Heating & Cooling
•• Best for the Air EnvironmentBest for the Air Environment•• Best for the Air EnvironmentBest for the Air Environment
•• Best for Electric UtilitiesBest for Electric Utilities
EPA Report 430EPA Report 430--RR--9393--004 004 -- Space Conditioning the Next Space Conditioning the Next FrontierFrontier
Water Energy Distributors, Inc. - copyright
2012
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Conventional Power PlantStack Losses & Waste
Heat Rejected to
Atmosphere (70%)
Conventional Power
Single Output –
Electricity
Can Burn Many
Fuels
Waste Heat FUEL 100%
NatlGrd806-1.ppt– 16
Conventional Power
Plant
Useful Energy (30%)
Waste Heat
Rejected
to
Atmosphere
through
cooling
Towers or
Body of
Water
FUEL 100%
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Eastern Electric Grid(kWh of source energy per kwh of delivered energy *)
Transmission & Distribution Losses 9.6%
Nonrenewable Energy 3.321 kWh
(includes 2.532 kWh of fossil)
Renewable Energy 0.122 kWh
NatlGrd806-1.ppt– 17
Renewable Energy 0.122 kWh
Total Energy 3.442 kWh
to Deliver 1.0 kWh Electric
( *Source - TR NREL/TP-550-38614-June 2006)
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CAN I COMPARE
AIR-to-AIR
AND
QQQQQQQQ
AND
GEOTHERMAL HEAT
PUMPS EFFICIENCIES?
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COMPARITIVE EFFICIENCIES
Manufacturer’s Performance ReferenceManufacturer’s Performance Reference
Today’s Geothermal “label” performance
Range:
Ratings AHRI/ISO-13256:
*COP – 3.5 – 6.1
*EER - 17 – 51
Not zone related
Today’s Air source “label”
performance range
*COP of 2.0 -3.7translates to HSPF of 6.8 to 12.5
For Region IV only
*Under “best” exchange temp (earth or air-source) operation
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NATIONAL HEAT/COOL REGIONS
22%Average
hours (not
minimum)
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Region IV vs. Region V
600
700
800
900
1000WashDC-IV BurlVT-V
Region -V-Burlington
H o
u r
s I
n B
I N
Region-IV-
Washington
WARMER
0
100
200
300
400
500
102 97 92 87 82 77 72 67 62 57 52 47 42 37 32 27 22 17 12 7 -2 -3 -8 -13 -18
Burlington COLDER
H o
u r
s I
n B
I N
Average BIN Temperatures- Deg F e.g. 17 is 15°-19°BINData from NOAA 30 year weather data
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HSPF to COPBased on 68F indoor set
point
Inputs For HSPF Less than 8.5 (PSC blower) For HSPF Greater than 8.5 (ECM blower)
ONLY Outside Air Temp = 45 degF
Outside Air Temp
= 45 degF
Rated HSPF = 8 Rated HSPF = 10
“Best” Air-source performance conditions
ARI outdoor air
temp for heating
rating point
*Difference = -0.2758computed *Difference = -0.2465computed
Adjusted HSPF
= 10.21 computed
Adjusted
HSPF = 12.46 computed
at 45 degrees F at 45 degrees F
Equivalent COP = 2.99computed Equivalent COP = 3.65compu
ted
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HSPF to COP Based on 68F indoor setpoint
Inputs For HSPF Less than 8.5 (PSC blower) For HSPF Greater than 8.5 (ECM blower)
ONLY Outside Air Temp = 30 degF Outside Air Temp = 30 degF
Rated HSPF = 8 Rated HSPF = 10
*Difference = -0.0285computed *Difference = 0.0162computed
Adjusted Air-source performance
Adjusted HSPF = 8.23 computed
Adjusted
HSPF = 9.84 computed
at 30 degrees F at 30 degrees F
Equivalent COP = 2.41computed Equivalent COP = 2.88
computed
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HOW EFFICIENT ARE
TODAY’s GEOTHERMAL
QQQQQQQQ
2D-500EarthOptions– 24
TODAY’s GEOTHERMAL
HEAT PUMP?
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AHRI/ISO Includes Pumping
& Pressure Drop Penalties,
but not duct static effect!
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•Cost
•Serviceability
•Design significance
3-12-12
COP = 5.6
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QQQQQQQQWHAT IS A MODULATING
HEAT PUMP
DOES ITDOES IT
RAISE THE EFFICIENCY
BAR?
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Condenser is HOT
Evaporator is COLD
WINTER HEATING-OUT - Building Side
SINK- EARTH -OUT
AXIUM-
ENERGY INMUST EQUAL
ENERGY OUT
SUMMER COOLING IN –Building Side
SOURCE- IN EARTH
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Condenser is HOT
Evaporator is COLD
WINTER HEATING LOAD SINK-
EARTH
How To Transfer More “FREE ENERGY” –EASY- make a BIGGER HEAT EXCHANGER
BUTNow it’s TOO BIG for the SUMMER
Operation SO Make a SMALLER/SLOWER COMPRESSOR
SUMMER COOLING LOAD
SOURCE-EARTH
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Today’s Modern Geothermal HP
5.9
[OPEN RECYCLE] [CLOSED LOOP]
6.1
5.9
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What are my
GEOTHERMAL
EARTH COUPLING
QQQQQQQQ
2D-500EarthOptions– 31
EARTH COUPLING
OPTIONS ?
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GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
EARTH COUPLING OPTIONS
––Closed Loop ApplicationsClosed Loop Applications
––Standing Column WellsStanding Column Wells
2D-500EarthOptions– 32
––Standing Column WellsStanding Column Wells
––Open ApplicationsOpen Applications
Earth Coupling
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Types of Earth Coupling
Closed Closed Standing Standing OpenOpen to to
LoopLoop ColumnColumn Recycle Recycle
2D-500EarthOptions– 33
Conductive Conductive
& Advective& Advective
ConductiveConductive AdvectiveAdvective
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Earth Coupling Installation Factors for GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
Open Standing ClosedRecycle Column Loop
1 2 3
1 2 3
Efficiency
First CostEACH METHOD
2D-500EarthOptions– 34
1 2 3
3 2 2
2 2 2
3 3 -2 3-2
1 1 2
1 = best/favorable
Geology
Maintenance
Regulatory
EACH METHOD MUST BE
EVALUATED FOR THE
APPLICATION & LOCATION
Earth Coupling
Thermal
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QQQQQQQQ
ARE GEOTHERMAL HEAT
PUMPS RENEWABLE PUMPS RENEWABLE
ENERGY DEVICES?
YESYESYESYESYESYESYESYES
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QQQQQQQQCAN A GEO HEAT PUMP
AMPLIFY OTHER RENWABLE
ENERGY SOURCES?ENERGY SOURCES?
BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF BY A FACTOR OF 44444444--------55555555
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CAN I COMPARE
AIR-to-AIR
AND
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS
EFFICIENCIES?
QQQQQQQQ
Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from Compute COP’s from HSPFHSPFHSPFHSPFHSPFHSPFHSPFHSPF
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HOW EFFICIENT ARE
TODAY’s GEOTHERMAL
HEAT PUMP?
QQQQQQQQ
2D-500EarthOptions– 38
HEAT PUMP?
COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1COP’s Up to 6.1
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QQQQQQQQ WHAT IS A MODULATING HEAT PUMP DOES IT
RAISE THE EFFICIENCY BAR?
Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping Variable Refrigerant Pumping & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &
COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1COP’s > 6.1
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What are my
GEOTHERMAL
EARTH COUPLING
OPTIONS ?
QQQQQQQQ
2D-500EarthOptions– 40
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