gerlich patent us1944885
TRANSCRIPT
8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gerlich-patent-us1944885 1/6
J ’ a n .
3 0 ,
1 9 3 4 .
H .
GERLlcH
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5
P R O J E C T I L E
O r i g i n a l
F i l e d
D e c . 4 ,
1 9 3 0
711
___
S
F i g
7 .
8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885
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i 4
1 0
1 5
20
25
30
35
40
5 0
P a t e n t e d
J a n .
3 0 , 1 9 3 4
U N I T E D ' S T A
1 9 3 2 .
TES
1,944,885 `
PATENT
o F F i c E
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5
PROJECTILE
Hermann G e r l i c h , B e x l e y , E n g l a n d
O r i g i n a l
a p p l i c a t i o n
December
4 ,
1 9 3 0 , S e r i a l
N o .
5 0 0 , 0 4 0 ,
a nd
i n
G e r m a ny
D ecemb er
2 4 ,
1 9 2 9 .
D i v i d e d
and
t h i s
a p p l i c a t i o n
December
2 1 ,
S e r i a l No. 6 4 8 , 2 8 8
9 C l a i m s . ( C l . 1 0 2 - 2 6 )
T h i s i n v e n t i o n r e l a t e s t o
improvements i n
peripherally iianged p r o j e c t i l e s .
Th e p r e s e n t a p p l i c a t i o n i s a d i v i s i o n a l
a p p l i
' c a t i o n
o f
my arent a p p l i c a t i o n
S e r i a l
N o . 5 0 0 , 0 4 0 ,
5
e n t i t l e d
Imp rov ement s
i n
r i f l e d
b a r r e l s ,
f i l e d
D e
c e m b e r
4 , 1 9 3 0 .
Th e primary o b j e c t
o f
t h i s i n v e n t i o n i s
t o
pro
v i d e
a
p r o j e c t i l e o f the
kind
speciñed
which
i s
p a r t i c u l a r l y
s u i t a b l e f o r use with a
p r o j e c t i l e
p r o p e l l i n g apparatus
c o n s t r u c t e d
i n accordance
with
my c o - p e n d i n g
p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n N o .
500 040.
,
A
f u r t h e r
o b j e c t o f
t h e
i n v e n t i o n i s
g e n e r a l l y
t o improve t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n o f f l a n g e d p r o j e c
t i l e s with
a v i ew t o
increasing t he b a l l i s t i c a l
per
formance and e i î e c t s o f such p r o j e c t i l e s .
A
s t i l l
f u r t h e r o b j e c t o f the i n v e n t i o n i s
t o
p r o v i d e ’ a ñ ang ed p r o j e c t i l e i n which p r o v i s i o n
i s m ade f o r
a c c u r a t e l y c e n t e r i n g
t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
i n t h e
b a r r e l with
which i t
i s u s e d ,
and
f o r prop
e r l y
g u i d i n g
t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
through
t h e
b a r r e l
s o
that the
l a t t e r does
not
b e c o m e a x i a l l y t i l t e d
o r
e c c e n t r i c a l l y
d i s p o s e d i n t h e b a r r e l , i .
e .
g u i d
i n g s t e a d i l y t h e c e n t r e o f
g r a v i t y
o f t h e p r o j e c
t i l e a l o n g
t h e
imaginary
_ a x i s
o f t h e b o r e ) , and
i n
addition t o make
the f l a n g e
or
ñ a nge s take
the
whole o f
the l a t e r a l
pressure exerted o n
the
p r o j e c t i l e
( r o t a t i n g
t h e p r o j e c t i l e ) by t h e l a n d s ,
where p r o v i d e d ,
during t h e
passage o f
t h e
pro
j e c t i l e
through t h e
b a r r e l .
Th e
i n v e n t i o n
a l s o
has
the
f u r t h e r
o b j e c t
o f
providing
p r o j e c t i l e s
w hic h o f f e r a minimum r e
s i s t a n c e
during t h e i r passage
through t h e bar
r e l s fr om which they a r e
ñ r e d ,
a nd t h e f l a n g e s
o f
which ensure e f ñ c i e n t s e a l i n g o f the b a r r e l s and
t h e r e b y a u t o m a t i c a l l y e n s u r e
a g a i n s t A
e r o s i o n
o f
t h e - l a t t e r
and the other d e f e c t s a r i s i n g
f r o m
i n
complete s e a l i n g o f the b a r r e l s , w h i l s t i n
a d d i
t i o n , the
i n v e n t i o n ai ms a t p r o v i d i n g
a
p r o j e c
t i l e construction whi ch
ensures
that when the
p r o j e c t i l e
i s
discharged a t
the
muzzle end o f
a
b a r r e l constructed i n accordance with
my
s a i d
c o - p e n d i n g p a t e n t
a p p l i c a t i o n ,
t h e p r o j e c t i l e
body
i s b a l l i s t i c a l l y o f a highly e ñ i c i e n t
s h a p e .
In order that the invention may be
c l e a r l y
understood
a nd r e a d i l y
c a r r i e d i n t o p r a c t i c e , I
have appended hereto
one
s h e e t o f d r a w i n g , i 1
l u s t r a t i n g t h e s a m e , _ « w h e r e i n :
F i g u r e
1 i s 4 a
h a l f l o n g i t u d i n a l
ñanged
p r o j e c t i l e c o n s t r u c t e d i n accordance with
t h i s
i n v e n t i o n ,
s e c t i o n b f a
Figure 2 i s
a h a / . l f
l o n g i t u d i n a l s e c t i o n
o f
a
m o d i f i e d
p r o j e c t i l e c o n s t r u c t e d i n accordance
with
t h i s i n v e n t i o n ' ,
Figure 3
i s
a n
e x t e r n a l h a l f
e l e v a t i o n
o f
a
s o l i d
bullet
-
Figure 4
i s a n
e l e v a t i on p a r t l y
i n s e c t i o n o f a
c o m p l e t e
r i ñ e c a r t r i d g e showing t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
t i g h t l y
v a n d
a x i a l l y
c o r r e c t l y h e l d
i n
t h e
neck
o f 0 0
the c a r t r i d g e
case
and i n s e r t e d
at
a deñned
d e p t h , and
F i g u r e s 5
t o
8 i l l u s t r a t e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n
o f
t h e
i n v e n t i o n t o l a r g e ordnance p r o j e c t i l e s , t h e
f l a n g e s
t h e r e o f being
s l o t t e d
a t a n
angle
t o
s u i t
5 5
the
riding o f a riñed b a r r e l .
In
Figure 1
i s s h o w n
i n
s e c t i o n ' a part
o f
a
b u l l e t
s u i t a b l e f o r u s e with a
r i ñ e
having a
b a r r el a s d e s c r i b e d i n my a i d
co-pending
patent
a p p l i c a t i o n No. 5 0 0 , 0 4 0 , and the b u l l e t ha s
a
7 0
s u b s t a n t i a l l y
c y l i n d r i c a l
body p o r t i o n
1 , a
b o a t
t a i l e d r e a r
portion
2 , and a pointed
nose
3 . T h e
b u l l e t has a jacket 4 w hic h
i s
provided with a
p a i r
o f i n t e g r a l
a n n u l a r f l a n g e s 5 and 6 formed
by s p i n n i n g
t h e
metal
o f t h e
c a s e
outwardly
a t 7 5
two
s p a c e d
positions.
The f l a n g e s
a r e d i s p o s e d
a t
s u b s t a n t i a l l y l e q u a l
d i s t a n c e s
i n
f r o n t
o f
and
behind
the
c e n t r e o f
gravity (indicated at s )
o f
the b u l l e t , or in ot h er
words
they
a r e s u b s t a n t i a l l y symmetrical i n r e l a - 8 0
tion to
t he
centre of gravity.
I t i s
d e s i r a b l e
that the c e n t r e
o f
g r a v i t y
o f the
b u l l e t
should
m o v e
rearwardly
s l i g h t l y
a s the
- b u l l e t
p a s s e s through t h e
b a r r e l
a nd
t h i s i s
e f f e c t e d
by
t h e
backward b e n d i n g o f t h e f l a n g e s
5
8 _ 5
and
6 .
I ‘ h i s
. e f f e c t
i s m o r e
noticeable
the m o r e
> t h e f l a n g e s
a r e p r e s s e d l b a c k w a r d l y
and
t h u s
the a n g l e which the f l a n g e s subtend a t the
a x i s
o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e i s made as l a r g e
as
p o s s i b l e
conveniently
between 3 5 ° and 9 0 ° .
S i m u l t a n e o u s l y w i t h t h e
backward
m o v e m e n t
o f
t h e c e n t r e
o f g r a v i t y t h e e i i e c t i v e
g u i d i n g p a r t s
o f
the
ñanges 5
and
6
a r e , with
the
gradual l n
90
c r e a s e o f
t h e
p r o g r e s s i v e a x i a l and r o t a t i o n a l 9 5
v e l o c i t y
o f
t h e p r o j e c t i l e , s h i f t e d towardsthe
r e a r
end
o f the
p r o j e c t i l e i n
p r o p o r t i o n with the
f o l d
i n g
down and p r e s s i n g
backwards o f
t h e
ñanges
during t h e
p a s s a g e
o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e through the
b o r e , and t h i s i s a
very
d e s i r a b l e a nd important « 1 0 0
f e a t u r e and which s a t i s ñ e s
e f f e c t i v e l y
t h e
b a l l i s t i c .
postulatum o f having t h e g u i d i ng
s u r f a c e s
o f
1 a
p r o j e c t i l e
shifted
t owards the
rear of
the p r o - 7 , :
j e c t i l e during i t s a x i a l a c c e l e r a t i o n
and
1
: r e a s - '
i n g speed
o f r o t a t i o n d u r i n g / ' i t s t r a v e r s e
through
1 0 5
thebore `
f
_
c I n t h e
b u l l e t
sh own
i n
F i g u r e
1
t h e f l a n g es e x f
tend
a t
t h e i r r e a r s i d e s outwardly f r o m t h e v c y l i n
' d r i c a l part
o f
the b u l l e t m o r e or l e s s
perpen
d i c u l a r l y t h e r e t o , w h i l s t t h e f r o n t
s u r f a c e s ‘ r o f
1 1 °
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2
1 0
t h e s e f l a n g e s i n c l i n e
forwardly
and merge i n t o
the body.
Th e
b u l l e t
i s provided
b e h i n d ,
and
a t
the r o o t
o f , each o f
the s a i d
f l a n g e s
with a peripheral
groov e , the v o l u m e
o f
w hic h s s u b s t a n t i a l l y suf
ñcient to
r e c e i v e
the adjacent
flange when
the
l a t t e r i s pressed inwardly a nd
backwardly
as the
b u l l e t p a s s e s through
t h e
b a r r e l . Thus, w h e n the
b u l l e t
l e a v e s
the
muzzle
o f
the b a r r e l the e x t e r i o r
o f the b u l l e t may be s u b s t a n t i a l l y s m o o t h a n d
ha v e
a
minimum o f i r r e g u l a r deformations,
whereby are avoided the hitherto experienced
de
viations o f
the b u l l e t
f r o m
i t s p rop er course dur
I ing
i t s
trajectory
du e to undue nd irregular
20
25
30
35
40
4 5
5 0
55
60
7 5
d e f o r m a t i o n s .
The flanges 5 and
6 of t he
bullet
are
h i g h
in
r e l a t i o n t o
the diameter o f
the c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t
1
o f the body o f the
p r o j e c t i l e ,
and
s e r v e
f i r s t l y
f o r r e l i a b l y
and
c o r r e c t l y
c e n t e r i n g
t h e p r o j e c t i l e
i n
t h e r i f l e b a r r e l
p r i o r t o
the p r o j e c t i l e
being
ñred o r p r o p e l l e d , ~
and
a l s o f o r guiding i t during
i t s e n t i r e passage through the b a r r e l a f t e r being
ñred.
T h e
centre
o f
g r a v i t y o f the p r o j e c t i l e i s
s t e a d i l y and
c o n t i n u o u s l y g u i d e d a l o n g _ t h e
a x i s
o f
the bore
o f the
b a r r e l
a nd
a x i a l
t i l t i n g
and
r a d i a l displacements
o f
the p r o j e c t i l e are pre
v e n t e d A
during
i t s whole p a s s a g e through
t h e
b a r r e l thus ensuring
a steady and
t r u e ñight o f
the p r o j e c t i l e through atmosphere
t o
a maximum
d e g r e e .
Secondly
the f l a n g e s 5
and 6
s e r v e
e f f e c
t i v e l y t o s e a l
the
b o r e a g a i n s t
the p r o p e l l i n g
gases during the whole
o f the
p as s age
o f
t he p ro
j e c t i l e t h ro u g h
the b a r r e l and
i n t h i s
way the
erosion
a nd
l o s s o f energy
hitherto experienced
i s eliminated or very much educed. Thirdly, the
ñ ang es
s e r v e , when
the p r o j e c t i l e
i s used with a
riñed
b a r r e l , t o
take u p the
e n t i r e l a t e r a l
pressure
exerted o n
the
b u l l e t by the ñ a n k s o f
the
lands o f
the b a r r e l .
When
the
b u l l e t
i s
being used with
r i f l e d
a r m s
i t i s preferred
to
make he i n c l i n a t i o n o f the front
surface of
t he foremos t b u l l e t
flange
6
corre
spond
s u b s t a n t i a l l y
i n angle ( r e l a t i v e t o the a x i s
o f
the b u l l e t ) t o
the
angle o f
the
breech
ends
o f the
l a n d s
a g a i n s t which
t h e
foremost f l a n g e
bears
w h e n
the
p r o j e c t i l e i s i n f i r i n g p o s i t i o n i n
the b a r r e l .
This
a p p l i e s b o t h t o »
ñre a r m s
a nd
the
l i k e i n
whi ch a
s i n g l e
complete c a r t r i d g e i s
used a nd
i n
the
neck o f w hic h
the
p r o j e c t i l e
i s
i n s e r t e d a nd ñxed, and
t o
l i r e a r m s o r p r o p e l l i n g
apparatus, i n connection with which p r o j e c t i l e s
and
c a r t o u c h e s
are k e p t separate.
T h e
a n g l e
o f
t h e f l a n g e s r e l a t i v e t o t h e l o n g i
tundinal
a x i s o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e
v a r i e s
with
c i r
cumstances, and f o r
i n s t a n c e
depends, among
o t h e r
t h i n g s ,
o n t h e
p r e s s u r e s
which
w i l l
p r e v a i l
i n t h e b a r r e l - , t h e
c a l i b r e
o f t h e b o r e o f t h e
l a t t e r ,
the r e l a t i v e
enlargement o f
the b o r e ,
a nd the
thickness o f
the
f l a n g e s .
Naturally the grooves
behind
the ñ a nge s
w i l l be o f a ‘ d e p t h
and'length
s u i t a b l y c o r r e s p o n d i n g t o t h e p a r t i c u l a r ñanges
with
w hic h
they are c o - o p e r a t i n g .
The number of
flanges
us ed in e a c h case as
w e l l
as
the thickness o f the‘flanges i s regulated
according t o the material
o f w hic h
the f l a n g e s are
formed, the
n u m b e r
o f lands employed i n the
barrel in
which t h e
flanges
are
to operate,
t h e
p r e s s u r e s developed
by
the p r o p e l l i n g g a s e s , and
the area
o f
the f l a n g e s bearing
l a t e r a l l y
o n the
f l a n k s o f
the l a n d s , i . e . the speciñc
l a t e r a l
pressures
.
D ur i ng
the passage
o f
the b u l l e t v t hr o ugh a
b a r r e l
increasing i n c r os s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the
muzzle end towards the breech
e n d , and
p ar
` _ t i c u l a r l y in
a barrel
in a c c o rda nc e
w i t h
my ere
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5
i n b e f o r e
n a m e d
c o - p e n d i n g
p a t e n t a p p l i c a t i o n ,
the flanges
5
a n d
6 are
progressively a n d c o n
c e n t r i c a l l y
p r e s s e d downwardly and ñ n a l l y
p r e s s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y completely i n t o the g r o o v e s
7
therebehind.
The t e r m
“ s u b s t a n t i a l l y ” i s used
a b o v e
becaus e
w h e r e the m u z z l e e nd of
t he
barrel
i s r i f l e d , the p a r t s o f the f l a n g e s between
the
lands
remain very s l i g h t l y p r o j e c t i n g but o n l y t o the
extent
of
the usual
very shallow
de p t h
o f the
grooving
i n
m o d e r n r i f l e d a r m s w h i c h
i n
small
b ore r i f l e s are
b u t
a b o u t . l mm' . or a b o u t .004
d e e p ;
the
p r o j e c t i n g f l a n g e p a r t s a r e p r a c t i c a l l y
f l u s h
with
the other p a r t s and the body o f the
projectile
y
-
The regular
deformation
a nd concentric p r e s s
i n g
and
l e v e l l i n g down o f
t h e
f l a n g e s t a k e s p l a c e
q u i t e l o c a l l y and
over
r e l a t i v e l y s h o r t a x i a l
stretches ( a x i a l l y r e l a t i v e l y
n a r r o w bands)
o n
the circumference o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e , and does
not
i n v o l v e any other deformation
o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e
or
other
displ ac ements or
carrying and
s m e a r
ing b a c k o f any material
over the surface
o f the
p r o j e c t i l e body and e s p e c i a l l y does
not
i n v o l v e
t he di s placement a n d s m e a r i n g b a c k
o f
any ex
c e s s
material
over
parts o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e
body,
w hic h w o uld
h a v e
a detrimental
e i f e c t
b y s h i f t
ing material r a d i a l l y
a nd
e c c e n t r i c a l l y
m o r e
o r
l e s s
i r r e g u l a r l y ,
thus i n c o rr e c t l y d i s p l a c i n g
t h e
c e n t r e
o f
g r a v i t y
o f
the
b u l l e t , `
which
should be
avoided a t a l l c o s t s .
The
arrangement
o f
t h e
flanges
and gr o o v e s
described a l s o enables the f l a n g e s
t o
be pressed
down
and into the
groov es
so
t h at t h e
l a t t e r
are
substantially f i l l e d
and so that
there
i s
n o i n
creased or irregular f r i c t i o n s e t u p a n d t he bore
o f the b a r r e l
i s
not
unduly
w o r n and m e t a l l i c
f o u l i n g
o f t h e bore i s e i t h e r p r a c t i c a l l y e l i m i
nated o r considerably reduced.
T h e rearmost
groove o r cannelure
7 i s d i s
posed
i n
advance
o f the
p l a c e
wh e r e t h e
c o n i c a l
rear part
2 j o i n s
the
c y l i n d r i c a l middle part 1
o f t h e
p r o j e c t i l e ,
so that there i s a
band
or p o r
t i o n o f c y l i n d r i c a l periphery
between
the groove
7
and
the b o a t - t a i l 2 , a nd t h i s i s do ne
because
i t i s
very detrimental t o
the f l i g h t a nd accuracy
of the bullet i f the
b o a t
t a i l or the rear end
o f
a
p r o j e c t i l e
should be
a f f e c t e d
by any excre
scences or i r r e g u l a r i t i e s
caused
b y
the deforma'
tion
o f the bullet?langes
o n these
rear parts o f
a p r o j e c t i l e .
With a n a r r a n g e m e n t s u c h
as
de
s c r i b e d t h i s i s i m p o s s i b l e , s i n c e i f there should
80
85
90
95
1 0 0
1 0 5
110
1 1 5
120
1 2 5
b e
any
spa ttering of
m a t e r i a l
t o
t he r e a r of
gro o ve
7 , i t w i l l
come
o n the
said
intervening
c y l i n d r i c a l p o r t i o n .
This
i s not
p a r t l c u l a r l y
harmful,
whereas
i r r e g u l a r i t i e s
o n
the surface
o f
t h e stream-lined
b o a t - t a i l
p o r t i o n
o f
t h e
p r o j e c `
t i l e are q u i t e ha r mful t o
t h e A
accuracy o f
f l i g h t
o f the p r o j e ct ile .
In conjunct i on
wi t h
a construction as
de
s c r i b e d the gases i s s u i n g f r o m
the
muzzle o f
the
barrel
a s s o o n
as
t he hindmost
sec tio n of
t he
b e a r i n g
and
g u i d i n g p a r t s
o f
t h e
p r o j e c t i l e l e a v e
the
muzzle section i s s u e synchronously a nd e v e n
l y d i s t r i b u t e d ~ a l l around the periphery
o f t h e
p r o j e c t i l e ,
so t hat there i s
a minimum
of unbal
anced--with regard t o time a nd s p a c e - m u z z l e
b l a s t t h r o w n u p o n the p r o j e c t i l e at t h i s c r i t i c a l
moment and a
steady
and un ifo r m deliver yof the
p r o j e c t i l e
from`
the muzzle i s
obtained
with a
130
1 3 5
1 4 0
145
minimum
f
v a r i a t i o n s
o f
the angle o f d e p a r t u r e . `
f
In Figure
2
i s s h o w n a
s l i g h t l y
m o d i ñ ed f o r m
of bullet and in this arrangement
t he
flanges'ö
and
6
are
undercut
and s l o p e
backwardly
and
overhang t h e g r o o v e s
7 .
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10
1 5
20
25
30
35
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5
Figure
3
shows a s o l i d b u l l et o f s i m i l a r e x t e r n a l
shape
t o
t h e b u l l e t s hown i n Figure 2 .
Figures
5 t o
8 s h o w the a p p l i c a t i o n o f
t h i s
i n
v e n t i o n t o l a r g e ordnance p r o j e c t i l e s . The pro
j e c t i l e sh own
i n
F i g u r e
5 i s
p r o v i d e d
with two
spaced p e r i p h e r a l d u c t i l e f l a n g e s
1 1
and 1 2 which
a r e formed s e p a r a t e l y o f ,
but
e c u r e d t o , t h e p r o
j e c t i l e
b u t
o t h e r w i s e
have t h e
c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s
o f ,
and I s e r v e
t h e > s a m e purposes a s , v t h e f l a n g e s
5
and 6 previously d e s c r i b e d .
A cannelure
or
' p e
r i p h e r a l groove 7 i s formed behind each o f the
f l a n g e s
and
t h e r e a r
g r o o v e
i s spaced from
t h e
flat base
or rear
o f the pr o j ec til e . _
_ I ‘ h e
p r o j e c t i l e s hown
i n
F i g u r e
I
i s v e r y
s i m i
l a r
t o t h a t s h o w n i n Figure 5 ,
with
the e x c e p t i o n
that
the f r o n t
ñange
1 2
i s replaced
by a n
a n n u
l a r protuberance adapted t o r i d e o n t o p o f t h e
lands o f
a
r i f l e d barrel
having a
constant lands
bore.
i
Figures 6 and 8 s h o w i n
end
e l e v a t i o n
one
o f
t h e f l a n g e s o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e
sh own i n
F i g u r e s
5 a nd 6 , and i t
w i l l
be seen t h a t such f l a n g e s are
provided with
r a d i a l s l o t s
1 3 f o r
engagement
with
the
l a n d s
o f
t h e
b a r r e l „ such
s l o t s
b e i n g
s l i g h t l y
wider towards t h e
f r o n t
o f the p r o j e c t i l e than
a t
the
rear t o
f a c i l i t a t e
the e ngagem e n t o f thel
f l a n g e s
with
the
r i f l i n g o f the
b a r r e l w i t h .
which
the p r o j e c t i l e
i s
u s e d ,
a t i g h t
ñt
being obtained
between t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
f l a n g e
and t h e
b a r r e l whe n
t h e p r o j e c t i l e
i s
r a m m e d
i n t o
t h e
breech c h a m
ber o f the
propelling ap p arat u s .
~
In a l l p r o j e c t i l e s
s h o w n
i n
the
drawing
the
body i s c y l i n d r i c a l and o f i t s maximum diame
. ter from
t he
rear
of
the front cannelure right
u p t o
the
r o o t o f
the
r e a r f l a n g e . A l s o _ t h e f r o n t
s u r f a c e s
o f the f l a n g e s e n t e r
o r m e e t
the outer
m o s t surface
o f
the
body
as d i s t i n c t f r o m m e e t
ing
the body a t the
base
o f a groove i n the
body,
l
i .
e . b e l o w t h e o u t e r m o s t
surface
thereof. F u r
4 0
4 5
50
5 . 5
„ s o
t h ermo re
the
ñ ang es
have,
as shown, i n the
draw
ing,
their rear or o u ter edges
s p a c e d from
t he
p r o j e c t i l e
b o d y , and p r e f e r ab l y t h e f l a n g e s
t e r m i
nate
a t
t h e i r outer
ends i n a short
c y l i n d r i c a l
bearing s u r f a c e
a s
s h o w n p a r t i c u l a r l y
i n
Figures
5 to 8 .
F igur e
4 s h o w s a
c o m p l e t e
cartridge for a r i f l e ,
the cartridge
having a case 8 i n
the
fo rw ardend
o f w hic h i s i n s e r t e d
and
f i x e d a p r o j e c t i l e
ac
cording
t o
any o f the c o n s t r u c t i o n s s h o w n
i n
F i g u r e s
1
t o 3 , and t h i s p r o j ec t i l e has i t s ' r e a r
f l a n g e
5
r e s t i n g
o n
an
annular
p r o j e c t i o n
9
p r o ~
vided
within
the c y l i n d r i c a l
neck
o f the car
t r i d g e case by ext ernallygroov i ng
the
case as
therequired d i s t a n c e fro m
the m o u t h
t h e r e o f .
Th e
edge
p a r t
1 0 o f
t h e
m o u t h
o f
the
c a r t r i d g e
case i s turned inwardly and
over
the front
o f
the foremost
f l a n g e 6
o f the p r o j e c t i l e , and
s o
holds ñrmly
the l a t t e r between i t s e l f a n d the
annular p r o j e c t i o n 9 . In
t h i s V
m a n n e r a'constant
a x i a l depth o f i n s e r t i o n o f the p r o j e c t i l e i n t o V t h e
neck o f
the
c a s e
i s attained w h i l s t accurate
r a d i a l
c e n t e r i n g and s e c u r e
f i x i n g
o f the
p r o j e c t i l e
i n
the
cartridge
case
are
a t t a i n e d . I t w i l l a l s o b e
noted that
e n g a g e m e n t be t we e n
the
p r o j e c t i l e
65
70
body and c a r t r id g e c a s e neck o n l y t a k e s
p l a c e
a t
the
two f l a n g e s
o f the
p r o j e c t i l e , s o
that the
pro
. j e c t i l e
can b e s e p a r a t ed
from
t h e
c ase
w i t h a
minimum of frictional resistance. `
The p r o j e c t i l e s are made o f any s u i t a b l e ma
t e r i a l , a s f o r
i n s t a n c e ,
o f n i c k e l
and cop p eral
l o y s ,
but
a t
a l l
t i m e s the
f l a n g e s o f
t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
m u s t be s u m c i e n t l y s t r o n g
t o
withstand the l a t
e r a l p r e s s u r e s imparted t h e r e t o by
A t h e
f l a n k s
o f the lands o f a r i f l e d b a r r e l through whi ch the
projectile i s .
3
What _cla im isz-
1 . A
r o j e c t i l e adapted
t o
be f l r e d
f r o m a b a r r e l
increasing in cross
s e c t i o n a l
area
f r o m the
muzzle
toward
the
breech chamber, comprising
a
sub
s t a n t i a l l y c y l i n d r i c a l
body
with a p o i n t e d nose
a nd boat t a i l , s a i d
body
ha v i n g a pair o f spaced
circumferential
d u c t i l e
- ~ flanges thereon,
s u c h
f l a n g e s
b e i n g
d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y
s y m m e t r i
c a l l y
r e l a t i v e
t o
the
c e n t r e
o f
g r a v i t y o f
the
s a i d p r o j e c t i l e and
comprising
t h e
s o l e
b e a r i n g
s u r f a c e
throughout t h e major p o r t i o n
o f
t h e
l e n g t h
o f
t h e b a r r e L v s u c h ñanges
b e i n g
a d a p t e d
« t o i n c r e a s e the gas p r e s s u r e area o f such
pro
j e c t i l e beyond t h a t normal f o r a
p r o j e c t i l e
h a v
i n g
t h e
s a m e body c a l i b r e , and the body having
a
peripheral groove behind and a t the r o o t
o f
each f l a n g e , and each o f such grooves being o f
substantially the s a m e
v o l u m e
as the adjacent
f l a n g e ,
t h e body
h a v i n g
a c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t , e q u a l
i n
c a l i b r e
t o the maximum
c a l i b r e o f
the body,
extending f r o m the f r o n t groove r i g h t
t o
the
r e a r
f l a n g e ,
and
t h e g r o o v e s
and
f l a n g e s b e i n g spaced
f r o m the
ends o f
the
p r o j e c t i l e w h i l s t the
rear
f l a n g e
and
g r o o v e a r e a d d i t i o n a l l y
s p a c e d
f o r
wardly
o f
the forward
end o f
the b o a t - t a i l e d por
t i o n
o f t h e
p r o j e c t i l e ,
a c y l i n d r i c a l body p o r t i o n
s e p a r a t i n g s a i d g r o o v e and b o a t - t a i l e d p o r t i o n .
2 . A r o j e c t i l e
adapted
t o be f i r e d fr om
a
bar
r e l
i n c r e a s i n g
i n c r o s s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the
muzzle toward
the
breech chamber, comprising
a
s u b s t a n t i a l l y . c y l i n d r i c a l body i n c l u d i n g a
c a s i n g ,
with pointed
nose a nd
b o a t - t a i l e d
p o r t i o n ,
s a i d
body
having
a
p l u r a l i t y
o f
s p a c e d
c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l
deformable
f l a n g e s
o n t h e c a s i n g
t h e r e o f ,
the
f r o n t and-rear f l a n g e s b e i n g d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n
t i a l l y
s y m m e t r i c a l l y
r e l a t i v e
t o t h e
c e n t r e
o f
g r a v i t y
o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e and comprising t h e s o l e
b e a r i n g 4
s u r f a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e major
p o r t i o n
o f
t h e l e n g t h
o f
t h e
b a r r e l ,
such
f l a n g e s
b e i n g
adapted
t o
i n c r e a s e
the gas
pressure
area
o f
such
1
p r o j e c t i l e beyond
t h a t
normal f o r
a
p r o j e c t i l e
having t h e
s a m e
body
c a l i b r e , and t h e
s a i d body
having
a
p e r i p h e r a l
groove
behind
each o f s a i d
ñanges, the
forward and
rear grooves a n d f l a n g e s
b e i n g
spaced fr om t h e
ends o f
t h e p r o j e c t i l e and
the rear groove and
f l a n g e
being a d d i t i o n a l l y
spaced
fro m the
forward end
o f the b o a t - t a i l e d
p o r t i o n
o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e , a c y l i n d r i c a l body por
t i o n
s e p a r a t i n g
s a i d g r o o v e
and
b o a t - t a i l e d por
tion.
‘
3 . A r o j e c t i l e adapted
t o
be f i r e d f r o m a bar~
r e l increasing
i n
c r o s s
s e c t i o n a l
area
f r o m
the
muzzle toward
the
breech
chamber, and com
p r i s i n g a body including a lead
c o r e ,
a d u c t i l e
metal j a c k e t e n c l o s i n g s a i d c o r e , a p a i r
o f
o u t
w a r d l y
and r e a r w a r d l y
p r o j e c t i n g
c i r c u m f e r e n
t i a l
and
d e p r e s s i b l e g u i d i n g f l a n g e s on and
i n t e
g r a l
with
s a i d
j a c k e t
and
c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e
v b e a r i n g s u r f a c e t h r o u g h o u t t h e major
p o r t i o n
o f
t h e l e n g t h o f t h e b a r r e l ,
such
f l a n g e s b e i n g
spaced f r o m the
ends
o f the body a nd f r o m o n e
a n o t h e r , and b e i n g d i s p o s e d s u b s t a n t i a l l y
sym
m e t r i c a l l y
r e l a t i v e t o t h e
c e n t r e o f g r a v i t y
o f t h e
p r o j e c t i l e , t h e f r o n t s u r f a c e s
o f
l s a i d f l a n g e s
being i n c l i n e d
t o
the
a x i s o f
t h e
s a i d
b o d y , and
meeting
s a i d
bodv
i n i t s outermost
s u r f a c e . and
the r e a r s u r f a c e s o f
t h e
f l a n g e s
b e i n g
u n d e r c u t ,
and
the
s a i d
j a c k e t , t o g e t h e r with the c o r e a g a i n s t
v w h i c h
i t
c l o s e l y
ñ t s „ h a v i n ` g a ' c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l
gro o ve b e h i nd and at the root of e a c h of said
f l a n g e s ,
t h e
volume
o f v
e a c h
g r o o v e b e i n g s u b
s t a n t i a l l y
e q u a l
t o
t h e
volume o f
t h e
a d j a c e n t
f l a n g e , ` t h e w h o l e p e r i p h e r a l
g u i d i n g
s u r f a c e s o f
t h e
ñanges
b e i n g a d a p t e d t o b e moved rearward
S 5
90
1 0 (
l y r e l a t i v e t o t h e > saidbody d u r i ng t h e p r e s s i n g l
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4
down o f
the f l a n g e s
a s t h e p r o j e c t i l e
p r o g r e s s e s
` t h r o u g h
t h e
b a r r e l
o f a
p r o j e c t i l e p r o p e l l i n g
ap
p a r a t u s .
4 . A r o j e c t i l e
adapted
t o be
f i r e d f r o m
a b a r
r e l increasing
i n
c r o s s
s e c t i o n a l
a r e a f r o m the
_muzzle toward> the breech chamber, and com
prising
a body
ha v i n g
a plurality of s p aced c i r
c u m f e r e n t i a l d u c t i l e f l a n g e s
t h e r e o n ,
such f l a n g e s
being
adapted
to
increase the
gas
pressure
area
o f such p r o j e c t i l e beyond
that
n o r m a l for
apro
j e c t i l e ha v i ng the s a m e body
c a l i b r e
a n d com
p r i s i n g t h e
s o l e b e a r i n g
s u r f a c e throughout t h e
m a jor p o r t i o n o f the l e n g t h o f t h e
b a r r e l ,
and
the f r o n t and rear f l a n g e s being d i s p o s e d sub
s t a n t i a l l y
symmetrically r e l a t i v e t o the c e n t r e
o f g r a v i t y o f
the p r o j e c t i l e ,
s a i d
body
having
a
c irc u mferential
g r o o v e
behind each o f sa id
f l a n g e s ,
s a i d g r o o v e s and
f l a n g e s
b e i n g spaced
f r o m the
ends
o f the p r o j e c t i l e , a n d the g r o o v e s
b e i n g d i s p o s e d
c l o s e l y
a d j a c e n t
t o
t h e
r o o t s o f the
f l a n g e s , i n combination with
a
c a r t r i d g e c a s e h a v
ing
a
c y l i n d r i c a l
neck,
having a n i n t e r n a l annular
p r o j e c t i o n adapted t o engage
a g a i n s t
the rear
surface
o f said
rear ñange, a nd ha v i n g
an nw ard
l y
turned forward
e d g e ,
adapted
t o
c l i p
over
. t he
front
surface of said forward f l a n g e , the said
tw o
f l a n g e s
comprising t h e o n l y p o r t i o n s o f s a i d
body to engage against said
c a r t r i d g e
case
neck.
5 . A r o j e c t i l e adapted t o be ñred
f r o m
a bar
r e l increasing in
cross
sectional
a r e a from t h e
muzzle
toward the breech
ch amb er,
a n d
com
p r i s i n g a
body having
a
c y l i n d r i c a l part
o f
m a x i
mum iameter
terminating a t i t s
forward
end
i n
a n o s e , a p l u r a l i t y
o f
a x i a l l y spaced
deform
a b l e c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l
i l a n g e s o f
e q u a l diameter
extending out wardly
f r o m
the
outer surface o f
s a i d
c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f t h e
b o d y ,
such
f l a n g e s
being adapted to i n c r e a s e the gas pressure area
of s uc h p r o j e c t i l e beyond that n o r m a l f o r a
p ro
j e c t i l e having the s a m e
body
c a l i b r e a nd
com
p r i s i n g
the s o l e b e a r i n g s u r f a c e throughout the
m a jor p o r t i o n
o f t h e
l e n g t h o f
t h e
b a r r e l , and
the
front e nds of said flanges
m e r g i n g
into t h e
p r o j e c t i l e
body
f l u s h
with s a i d
outer s u r f a c e
and
t h e
f r o n t s u r f a c e o f t h e f l a n g e s being rearwardly
a nd outwardly i n c l i n e d
fro m
, t h e s a i d
outer
sur
f a c e
a nd
the f l a n g e s each terminating at i t s rear
a nd
o u t e r end
(which i s
spaced
f r o m
s a i d body)
i n a .
s ho r t
cylindrical
bearing surface, a ' c i r c u m
f e r e n t i a l c a n n e l u r e b e i n g
p r o v i d e d
behind each
ñ a n g e and ext ending
below
the surface of the
p r o j e c t i l e
body
a n d o f
a s u f f i c i e n t v o l u m e
t o
enable i t
t o ' r e c e i v e
the
f l a n g e i n f r o n t t h e r e o f ,
a n d
the
flanges
nearer
the front and rear e nd s
o f t h e body
r e s p e c t i v e l y
being
d i s p o s e d
a t sub
s t a n t i a l l y
equal
d i s t a n c e s
t o
the front
a nd
rear
r e s p e c t i v e l y o f the
centre
o f g r a v i t y o f the p r o
jectile. .
6 . A
r o j e c t i l e f o r
use with
p r o j e c t i l e propelling
a p p a r a t u s
h a v i n g
a
barrel
t he groov e bore
of
whi ch i s g r e a t e r i n diameter a t the breech than
at the muzzle, including a body h av i ng
a
n o s e
a n d a
c y l i n d r i c a l
part be h i nd said n o s e and
o f
maximum
i a m e t e r , a
p l u r a l i t y
o f
a x i a l l y
spaced
deformable
c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l f l a n g e s o f equal di a m
e t e r
extending o utwardly
f r o m
the
o u t e r surface
o f
s a i d
c y l i n d r i c a l
p a r t
o f
t h e
b o d y ,
t h e
f r o n t ends
o f s a i d
f l a n g e s
merging i n t o
t h e p r o j e c t i l e
body
f l u s h
with
the said outer surface a nd the
f r o n t .
s u r f a c e s ‘ o f
the f l a n g e s
being rearwardly a nd
out
wardly
i n c l i n e d fro m s a i d
s u r f a c e , a nd
the f l a n g e s
being
a t t h e i r
outer e d g e s , which are
spaced from_
the p r o j e c t i l e , o f substantial
thickness so t hat
t h e s e o u t e r edges f o r m s u b s t a n t i a l bearing
s u r - _
f a c e s , a
c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l c a n n e l u r e b e i n g
v p r o v i d e d
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 3 5
behind each
l l a n g e
and e x t e n d i n g
below
t h e
s u r
face
o f
the p r o j e c t i l e
body
a n d
each
o f
a v o l u m e
s u ñ i c i e n t l y
l a r g e
t o e n a b l e i t t o r e c e i v e
the
f l a n g e
i n
f r o n t
t h e r e o f ,
and s a i d f l a n g e s b e i n g i n i t i a l l y
o f a
diameter
greater t h a n
that
o f t he groov e
bore at the
muzzle
o f
a
barrel
f o r wh i ch
t he p ro
j e c t i l e i s d e s i g n e d , such f l a n g e s b e i n g adapted t o
increase the gas
pressure area
o f
s uc h p r o j e c t i l e
b eyond
that
n o r m a l
f o r
a
p r o j e c t i l e
ha v i n g
the
s a m e body c a l i b r e , a nd the
front
and
rear f l a n g e s
being e q u a l l y
spaced t o
the f r o n t and
rear
r e s p e c
t i v e l y ‘ o f
t h e
c e n t r e o f g r a v i t y o f
s a i d
p r o j e c t i l e
b o d y , and
the
v r e a r cannelure
being
spaced f r o m
the rear e nd o f the body o f the p r o j e c t i l e .
7 .
A
r o j e c t i l e adapted t o
be f i r e d
f r o m
a
b a r r e l
increasing in c r o s s s e c t i o n a l area f r o m the
muzzle
toward the breech chamber,
and
comprising a
body having a
c y l i n d r i c a l
i n t e r m e d i a t e p o r t i o n
o f maximum diameter terminating
a t
i t s front
end
in a nos e decreasing in
diameter
forwardly
and
ermi nat i ng
at i t s
rear
end in a b o a t - t a i l
p o r
t i o n , a p a i r o f a x i a l l y spaced
p e r i p h e r a l
deform
` ï
a b l e . f l a n g e s
p r o j e c t i n g
outwardly
f r o m s a i d
c y l i n
d r i c a l part
o f
the body and
each having
a rear
wardly and
outwardly i n c l i n e d f r o n t s u r f a c e
e n t e r i n g , a t t h e forward e n d , t h e
c y l i n d r i c a l
p a r t
o f the
s a i d body
f l u s h with
the outer
s u r f a c e
t h e r e o f , such
f l a n g e s
b e i n g adapted t o
i n c r e a s e
the
gas
pressure
area o f such p r o j e c t i l e beyondl
that n o r m a l for
a
p r o j e c t i l e
ha v i n g
the sameV body
calibre
and c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e beari ng
surface
throughout t h e maj o r p o r t i o n
o f
t h e l e n g t h
o f
t h e
b a r r e l , a nd a
circumferential cannelure being
provided inthe c y l i n d r i c a l
p a r t
o f s a i d body
be
hind
each
o f
s a i d
f l a n g e s , and each being adapted
t o r e c e i v e
the
flange i n front t h e r e o f , the r e a r m o s t l
cannelure being
spaced
fro m
the rearmost end o f
the
s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t ,
and the
s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l
part being o f i t s n o r m a l maximum
diameter
f r o m
the
rear
edge
o f the
foremost cannelure r i g h t
u p
t o
the
front end o f the rearmost
f l a n g e .
8 . A
r o j e c t i l e adapted
t o be
ñred
f r o m a
b a r r e l
increasing in cross sectional area f r o m the m u z z l e
toward the breech
ch amb er,
a nd comprising a
body having
a
c y l i n d r i c a l part o f
maximum
di a m
eter-terminating at
i t s
forward e nd
i n
a
n o s e ,
a x i a l l y spaced deforma ble c i r c u m f e r e n t i a l l l a n g e s
o f e q u a l d i a m e t e r e x t e n d i n g
o u t w a r d l y
from t h e
_ o u t e r s u r f a c e o f l s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l
p a r t ' o f
t h e
b o d y ,
the
f r o n t
ends o f s a i d f l a n g e s merging i n t o the
p r o j e c t i l e . b o d y i l u s h with s a i d o u t e r s u r f a c e
a nd
the
f r o n t s u r f a c e o f
t h e
f l a n g e s
being
rearwardly
and outwardly
i n c l i n e d
f r o m the s a i d outer
sur
face
a n d
the f l a n g e s each
terminating
a t i t s
rear
and outer
end (which
i s spaced
fr o m
s a i d body)
i n
a
s h o r t
c y l i n d r i c a l bearing s u r f a c e , s u c h V
f l a n g e s being adapted t o i n c r e a s e
the gas
p r e s
sure area
o f
s uc h p r o j e c t i l e
b eyond
that
n o r m a l
f o r a p r o j e c t i l e having
the s a m e
body c a l i b r e
a n d
V c o m p r i s i n g t h e s o l e b e a r i n g s u r f a c e
throughout
the
m a j o r portion o f
the l e n g t - h
o f the b a r r e l , a nd
a circumferential
cannelure being provided
in
s a i d body behind each f l a n g e
and extending below
the
surface o f the
p r o j e c t i l e body
and being
o f a
s u f f i c i e n t
v o l u m e t o enable i t t o r e c e i v e the flange
i n front t h e r e o f ,
a nd
the
front
a n d rear flanges
8 5
9 0
9 5
1 0 0
1 0 5
1 1 0
1 1 5
1 2 0
1 2 5
1 3 0
bei ng
respectively
disposed a t
substantially
equal `
d i s t a n c e s t o t h e
f r o n t
and
r e a r
o f t h e
c e n t r e
o f
g r a v i t y o f the
p r o j e c t i l e .
the s a i d body terminat
ing at th e rear
end
i n a p o r t i o n of boat-tail form
and t h e r e a r m o s t
of
t he said ca n n e lur e s be i ng
spaced forwardly fro m the
r e a r
end o f s a i d c y l i n
d r i c a l
part o f the body.
9 .
A
rojectile for u s e w i t h a projectile p r o p e l
l i n g d e v i c e ha v i ng a r i l l e d b a r r e l o f greater
groove
8/20/2019 Gerlich Patent US1944885
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/gerlich-patent-us1944885 6/6
1 , 9 4 4 , 8 8 5
b o r e d i a m e t e r a t t h e b r e e c h
end
than a t t h e
m u z
z l e ,
comprising
a body having
a
c y l i n d r i c a l i n t e r
mediate p o r t i o n o f
maximum
diameter
termi
nat i ng at i t s
front end
in a n o s e decreasing
in
10
15
20
25
d i a m e t e r f o r w a r d l y and t e r m i n a t i n g a j ; i t s ' r e a r
end
i n
a
b o a t - t a i l
p o r t i o n , a x i a l l y s p a c e d
p e r i p h
e r a l
deformable f l a n g e s
each
i n i t i a l l y
o f
a diam
e t e r not l e a s than t h e
g r e a t e s t
d i a m e t e r l o f s a i d
bore a nd each intended
t o
be
compressed ( i n
i t s
p a s s a g e
through t h e b a r r e l )
r a d i a l l y
a l o n g t h e
whole o f i t s p e r i p h e r y , each ñange p r o j e c t i n g o u t
wardly
fr om
s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t
o f
t h e body
a nd having
a
rearwardly a nd
outwardly i n c l i n e d
f r o n t - s u r f a c e e n t e r i n g , a t t h e forward e n d , . t h e
c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f
t h e s a i d body
f l u s h with
t h e
o u t e r s u r f a c e t h e r e o f , each o f
s a i d
f l a n g e s termi-
3 5
4 0
4 5 .
7 0
’ I l
n a t i n g a t t h e
r e a r e n d ,
which s
s p a c e d
from t h e
body o f t h e p r o j e c t i l e , i n a
s u b s t a n t i a l l y c y l i n
- d r i c a l
bearing s u r f a c e , a circumferential c a n
n e l u r e b e i n g p r o v i d e d
b e h i n d
each o f s a i d f l a n g e s
and formed i n the c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t o f
s a i d
body
and each adapted
t o
r e c e i v e the
f l a n g e
i n f r o n t
t h e r e o f , s a i d f l a n g e s
b e i n g
o f
e q u a l
d i a m e t e r
t o
one
another and
e q u a l t o
the l a r g e s t diameter o f
t h e groovebore o f
the
b a r r e l f o r which t h e
pro
j e c t i l e
i s
d e s i g n e d , t h e r e a r c a n n e l u r e b e i n g spaced
f r o m
the rear e nd
of
the
said c y l i n d r i c a l p a r t ,
a nd
the
s a i d c y l i n d r i c a l part
being
o f i t s
normal
max
-imum
d i a m e t e r
from
t h e
r e a r
edge
of
t h e front
cannelure
r i g h t
u p t o t h e f r o n t end o f the r e a r
f l a n g e .
HERMANN
ERLICH