german and irish experience push and pull factors
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German and Irish Experience
Push and Pull Factors
Immigration during the 19th Century
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Events or conditions which cause a person or group to seek life in another country; it pushes them out or forces them to leaveFaminefailing economylack of resourcesreligious persecution
Push Factors
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Events or conditions which appeals to or attracts a person or a group to relocate to a non-native countryreligious freedomeconomic opportunityresource wealthland
Pull Factors
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a person who migrates or relocates to another country, usually permanently
the goal of an immigrant is usually to obtain citizenshipCongress regulates immigration lawsthe President regulates policies on refugees
(a refugee is someone outside of his/her country who is unable or unwilling to return to their native country because of feared or actual persecution)
Immigrants
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Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door.
What attracted them to America?
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The Irish ExperienceThe Irish Potato
Famine 1840’spotato blightloss of income
nearly one million died
nearly one million left for America
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Most settled in the northeast part of the country, in places like Massachusetts
Many worked as unskilled laborers, in jobs such as constructing railroads and canals or in factories, and as food makers
Upon Arrival…
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German ExperiencePolitical upheaval in
GermanyFailed rebellion in
1848Little economic
mobility
approximately one million Germans made their way to the United States
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German Experience“I would prefer the
civilized, cultured, Germany to America if it were still in its former orderly condition, but as it has turned out recently, and with the threatening prospect for the future of religion and politics, I prefer America. Here I can live a more quiet, and undisturbed life”--German immigrant in Wisconsin
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Upon Arrival…
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Settled more
inland, in places
like Iowa and
Illinois
Many became
farmers, tailors,
and bricklayers
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Americans who opposed immigration were called Nativists
They feared competition for jobsThey feared their different religious beliefs
most of the Irish immigrants were practicing Catholics whereas most Americans were Protestant
They did not like or understand the culture the immigrants brought with them
American Response to Immigration