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World War I

German Government After World War I

• The Kaiser abdicates, or gives up power.• A government is created in the city of Weimar in

1919.• It is called the Weimar Republic. It is headed by

a chancellor, gave women the right to vote, and included a bill of rights.

• Everyone blamed these leaders for the Treaty of Versailles, which made Germany take all blame for the war and pay huge reparations.

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Adolph Hitler

• Hitler was born in 1889.• He lived in Vienna, the

Capital of Austria. While there, he developed a strong hatred of Jews, or anti-Semitism.

• He fought for the German Army in World War I. When he returned, he saw the new government as weak.

Hitler Attempts to Seize Power

• Hitler makes a failed attempt to take power in 1923.

• .

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Nazis• Fascists who stressed

the racial purity of the German people and the need to destroy perceived "racial enemies."

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Stab in the Back Theory

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• Aryans –

• Anti – Semitism –

Hitler’s Ideas

• He believes that Jews and politicians caused Germany to lose World War I.

• Germany needed Lebensraum, or living space for more Germans.

• Germany needed a single strong leader, or Fuhrer. He would be that leader.

• He promised to end reparations, create jobs, and rearm Germany.

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• The Nazis in the Reichstag – with more representation in the Congress, they would impede legislation with crude behavior

• Hitler becomes a candidate for president but falls short in several elections to Hindenburg

Hitler becomes Chancellor• .

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Hitler’s first edict – boycott the Jewish businesses around

Germany

Hitler Builds the Third Reich

• He launches huge public works projects. He began the Autobahn, the first national highway system.

• Hitler began an ambitious plan to rearm Germany.

1935, The Day of Declaration of Rearmament

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Hitler Rules Through Terror• Hitler makes excellent

use of the secret police. • They infiltrated every

aspect of a person’s life. • No one ever knew if they

were being watched.• People simply

disappeared in the middle of the night.

• These were the symbols of the Gestapo.

A Gestapo Informant in Germany

The SS Enforced Hitler’s Will

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The Nuremberg Laws, 1935

• These laws deprived Jews of German Citizenship and placed severe limits on them.

• Jews could not marry non-Jews, attend German schools, hold government jobs, practice law or medicine, or publish books.

• Jews were beaten up and harassed by Nazis and other Germans were encourage to do this as well.

Who has German Blood? Who Belongs to the Jewish Race? Who is of Mixed Race?

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What kind of marriage is permitted by law? What

king of marriage is forbidden?

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Kristallnacht, The Night of Broken Glass

• On November 7, 1938, a young Jew shot and wounded a German diplomat.

• On November 8 and 9, mob attacks against Jews were rampant throughout Germany.

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One people, One Reich, One Leader.

Yes!

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Hitler Youth

• Like Stalin and Mussolini, Hitler focused on indoctrinating young people.

• His Hitler Youth was supposed to be the future of the Nazi Party.

• Lightning War - 3 Phases

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• 1.

Blitzkrieg• “2.

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• 3.

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• Elite N i troops who served during WWII.

• Unlike the rest of the German army (Werhmacht) they were punished after the war by the allies.

• British PM Neville Chamberlain’s policy toward Germany in the 1930s.

• Gave Germany what they wanted (land) in the hopes it would avoid war.

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The Fall of France

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• .

• Europe would be under German control until the Allied landings in 1944.

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was the battle for air superiority over Britain.

• Set to attack British military and industry, but in an accident London was bombed.

• In retaliation, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill bombed Berlin.

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• An angered Hitler would retaliate by focusing all bombings on major British cities until May 1941 when Hitler would pull out for his attacks on the USSR.

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