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    June 3, 2011 1 German Grammar Guide

    German Grammar GuideSenior Missionary Language Training

    Instructions to Language Tutors and Missionaries

    The objective of the language tutoring program for senior missionaries is to enable them, and others, tobegin communicating meaningfully as early as possible in their mission language. In order to help

    accomplish this objective, this grammar guide provides a focus on only the most basic grammaticalstructures of the language for those who are studying the language for the first time. By limiting the focus

    of the missionaries to the basic concepts outlined in this guide, seniors will be able to concentrate their

    energy and attention on doing a few things very well, rather than trying to cover everything. The contentof this guide has been prepared to enable seniors to communicate the following in their mission language:

    o Asking about and Expressing a State of Beingo Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership

    o Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics

    o

    Narrating Simple Experiences and Storieso

    Asking about and Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, and Intention or purpose

    o Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events

    o Asking and Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Locationo

    Asking and Answering questions of Contrasting Attitudes, Emotions, Feelingso Asking and Answering Questions of Quality, Quantity, Number, and Sequence

    o Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect

    The lessons are designed to ensure that the missionaries can communicate each of the above concepts

    under the following three conditions:

    1)

    using both questions and answers2)

    in the simplest forms of the present, past, and future

    3) in both the affirmative and the negative

    Refer when necessary to a language text: For each lesson in this document, missionaries and tutors may

    refer to a language text whenever necessary to answer questions they may have regarding the grammar,

    and should continue to refer to it once they are in the field.

    Pace for moving through this grammar guide: There is no need to move too quickly through the

    lessons. Time should be spent on building confidence in using the structures in each lesson before moving

    Lesson sequence to be followed: It is recommended that the grammar lessons be studied in the sequencethat they appear in this guide. Missionaries may refer to other language texts for further explanations on

    any of the points of grammar as they move through this guide.

    Teach and practice from the visual displays: Use the visual displays in this document for practice

    during tutoring sessions. They are designed to provide a visual connection between tutor and learner,

    especially when on the telephone. The visual nature of the displays is intended to eliminate much of the

    need for grammar rules, by showing rather than explaining.

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    on. Spend the necessary time increasing vocabulary and reviewing previous lessons before moving too

    quickly ahead. The lessons will build on each other as you move through the sequence.

    Use a variety of activities: It is not necessary to cover a new lesson in each tutoring session.

    Missionaries will gain more confidence when they are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of

    activities on the same principle. This will more likely ensure that they are not only mastering concepts

    and structures as they go, but that they have ample opportunity to review and maintain their confidence inall past lesson material. Tutors should plan and conduct many communicative language-type activities

    as part of their tutoring, including the performance of tasks, which are studied separately.

    Speak the language: Speak the language at every opportunity. An explanation here and there may be

    necessary in English, but missionaries need ample opportunity to see themselves communicating in the

    language. This will build their confidence more than anything else. Tutors should limit their own use ofthe language to the structures and vocabulary that the missionaries have learned up to that point, so as to

    increase the likelihood of their success in listening and responding in the language during tutoring

    sessions.

    Organize note-taking: When missionaries have questions on particular grammatical structures, they

    should write any notes in the margins of the text or on the visual display sheets of this document wherethat particular principle is located. By doing so, their notes will be automatically organized for futurereference, because they will be written on the pages which deal with that principle.

    Use a pocket notebook for vocabulary: Vocabulary items should be written in an organized way in asmall, pocket-sized notebook, which can be carried with them for easy reference while speaking the

    language. Keep two separate lists for easy access; one of verbs, and the other for general vocabulary

    items. For example, keep a list of verbs in the front of the notebook, and a list of all other vocabularyitems in the back. Write in the language on the left side of the page, with the English equivalent on the

    right side. This makes for easy review by covering either one or the other side of the list.

    Use vocabulary notebook for review: Not having easy access to ones notes is one of the mostfrustrating hindrances of note taking, and thus of systematic review. By using the vocabulary notebooks,missionaries can be much more successful in their review because they can always be working from a

    current, up-to-date list. Be selective at first. Dont try to remember or write everything down. Select

    those vocabulary items / verbs that you will use most frequently and build from there.

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    Table of Contents_________________________________________________________

    1. Overview of the Language..................................................................................................................... 5

    2. Alphabet & Basic Pronunciation........................................................................................................... 6

    3. Introduction to Cases............................................................................................................................. 9

    Asking About / Expressing a State of Being

    4. Nominative Case/ Subject - to be..........................................................................................................10

    5. Accusative Case/ Direct Object to have.............................................................................................11

    6. Dative case/ Indirect Object to be...................................................................................................... 12

    Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership

    7. Genitive Case/ Possession......................................................................................................................13

    Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics

    8. Adjectives - Weak.................................................................................................................................. 14

    9. Adjectives - Strong................................................................................................................................ 15

    Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention, or Purpose Part 1

    10. To have to / Must................................................................................................................................ 16

    11. To be able to / Can............................................................................................................................... 17

    12. Be allowed to / May............................................................................................................................. 18

    13. To like to / To like............................................................................................................................... 19

    14. Would like............................................................................................................................................ 20

    15. Future tense.......................................................................................................................................... 21

    16. Purpose clause...................................................................................................................................... 22

    Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Event

    17. Conversational Past Haben............................................................................................................... 23

    18. Conversational Past Sein...................................................................................................................24

    Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Location

    19. Where?................................................................................................................................................. 25

    20. When?.................................................................................................................................................. 26Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect

    21. Verb kickers......................................................................................................................................... 27

    Narrating Simple Experiences & Stories

    22. Verb to be in the past tense.............................................................................................................. 28

    23. Accusative Reflexive.......................................................................................................................... 29

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    24. Dative Reflexive................................................................................................................................. 30

    Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention , or Purpose Part 2

    25. I would. like........................................................................................................................................ 31

    26. I would have........................................................................................................................................ 32

    27. I would................................................................................................................................................. 33

    Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings

    28. What do you think about_?.................................................................................................................. 34

    Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence

    29. Wie questions....................................................................................................................................... 35

    Appendix

    Article Chart...............................................................................................................................................36

    Accusative Prepositions............................................................................................................................. 36

    Dative Prepositions.................................................................................................................................... 36

    Two Way Prepositions............................................................................................................................... 36

    Adjective Endings Weak.........................................................................................................................36

    Adjective Endings Strong....................................................................................................................... 37

    Present Regular Verb Conjugation............................................................................................................ 37

    Simple Past Verb Conjugation................................................................................................................... 37

    Types of Verbs........................................................................................................................................... 37

    Verb Guide Chart....................................................................................................................................... 38Conversational Past: haben vs. sein........................................................................................................... 39

    Time Telling Aid........................................................................................................................................40

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    1. Overview of The Language

    o Unlike English, German has gender, which affects many parts of speech.

    o Describe nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, direct & indirect objects, prepositions, definite &

    indefinite articles.

    What is a noun?

    -Person, place, or thing.-In German, nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter.

    What is a verb?

    -Words that show action. (Examples: to eat, to dance, to speak etc).

    What is an infinitive verb?

    - The dictionary form of the verb; un-conjugated. (Ex: to speak, to eat, to live)

    - In German, infinitive verbs always end in en.Examples of infinitives: sprechen (to speak), schlafen (to sleep), gehen (to go).

    - Each verb ending follows a pattern which agrees with the subject of the verb.

    - To conjugate the verb, remove the enending from the infinitive (this part then is called thestemof the verb) and add the appropriate endings that correspond with the desired subject (-e, -

    st, -t, -en, -t and en; this will be shown in following lessons). If the stem of the verb ends in

    tor d,add an ebefore the st and t endings.

    - When 2 verbs follow each other (e.g. I wantto go), the 2nd

    one is always in the infinitive

    (except with helping verbs like to have& to be.)

    What is an adjective?

    -Describes a noun. (Example: the cat has abeautifultail. The word beautiful describes the

    tail, so it is an adjective).

    -Because nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter the adjective must agree with the noun

    in both gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) and number (singular or plural).

    What is a subject (object)?

    -The subject (object) of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action of the sentence.(Examples:Ieat,shestudies, thepresidentinterviews, themissionariesteach, etc.)

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    o Learn the alphabet and basic elements of pronunciation so that you can begin to read in thelanguage.

    For additional help refer to the alphabet in a German reference book.

    o Establish and maintain regular daily reading exercises from Preach my Gospel, Scriptures, The

    Liahona, and/or the Hymns, for pronunciation and comprehension purposes.o

    Make sure reading activities are put on the calendar for each day.

    LETTER SOUND PRONUNCIATION

    A

    The long asound equates to the English ain barorcalm. Theshort asound is very clipped, much like the

    vowel sound in the English but.

    Apfel, aber

    das, hatten

    B

    It is pronounced no differently from English when it precedes a

    vowel, but bhardens to a pat the end of a word or syllable,or before an sor a t.

    Berg, berufen

    ob, Stab

    C

    It is pronounced as the English k when at the beginning of a

    word. In the middle or end of a word it appears in the

    combinations chand ck. See bottom of this page.

    Bach, ich

    Christus, Chrom

    D

    It is pronounced no differently from the English, but dis

    pronounced as a tat the end of a word or syllable, or before

    an sor a t.

    dort, DamePferd, Stadt

    E

    The long esound is pronounced like the aysound in theEnglish dayor played, but the German sound is a longer

    one which does not slide away into English ee. Theshort e

    sounds like the ein English getor set.

    heben, jedenErde, werden

    FIt is pronounced as the English fin fame, knifeor

    flute, but never like of.fallen, Firma

    G

    It is pronounced no differently from the English, but ghardens

    to a k, when it occurs at the end of a word or syllable, or

    before an sor a t.gehen, Hoffnung

    H

    The German letter his always clearly pronounced at the

    beginning of a word, or when a word beginning with h

    appears as a second element in a compound noun, but if an h

    occurs in the middle of a word on the other hand, it is notpronounced and the preceding vowel is lengthened.

    haben, heute

    gehen, ihnen

    IIt sounds like the English eein fleetor seem, but it can

    also be short, like in the English word mist.

    Tier, ihmist, ich

    JThe German letter jis pronounced like the yin the English

    word young.Jogurt, Jahr

    2. Alphabet and Basic Pronunciation

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    KIt is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only with

    slightly less release of air.

    Kuh, Kirche

    L

    The German lsounds much lighter and also flatter than the

    English l.It is quite close in sound to the English millionor

    billion.

    Lampe, Lffel

    M Always as the English m.

    Mutter, machen

    N Always as the English n. Nacht, nein

    O

    The long osound is pronounced like the sound in the English

    words lowand go, but with the lips more rounded and the

    mouth more open. Theshort osounds like the oin the

    English notor rot, only shorter and with a slightly morerounded mouth.

    Bohne, Ohr

    folgen, Wort

    P It is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only withslightly less release of air.

    Punkt, Papier

    Q

    As in English, the German letter "q"is always followed by the

    letter u. quis always pronounced as the kvin the Yiddishword kvetch.

    Quark, quitschen

    R

    There are two ways of pronouncing r. 1 - When rprecedes

    a vowel, it is pronounced almost as if you were gargling, but

    without water.2- When rprecedes a consonant or is at the

    end of a word, it is pronounced as a vowel. It sounds like the last

    sound in the American word yeah, or like the sound an

    Englishman makes at the end of the word hear.

    Raum, rund

    Tiger, lernen

    S

    When the German scomes before a vowel it is pronounced

    like an English z". When it comes at the end of a word it is

    pronounced like an English s.

    sie, sehenals, nachts

    TIt is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only with

    slightly less release of air.

    Tante, Tomate

    U

    For the long usound think of the English vowel sound in

    hootor boot, but with the lips much more rounded. The

    short usound equates to a much shorter version of the

    English sounds in pushor foot.

    Uhr, zu

    unter, und

    V The German letter vis pronounced like the English letter f. Vogel, vier

    WIt is pronounced like the English v as in the English wordvictory.

    wer, wohnen

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    XIt sounds like kseas in explain orgz sound as inexample.

    Hexe, Xylophon

    Y

    The pronunciation of the German ydepends on the position of

    the letter in the word. If it is positioned within a word it sounds

    ust like . If ystands at the beginning or end of a word,then it is pronounced in exactly the same way as it is in English.

    Typ, TypenYoga, Yacht

    Z

    The German zis a combination of two separate sounds. Its a

    tand ssaid together, as in the English words catsand

    hits.

    Zebra, ziehen

    ei, aiThe combinations of eior aiare pronounced similar to the

    iin the English word sign.eins, Main

    ieThe combination ieis the common spelling for the long vowel[i:] as in the English word knee.

    Biene, Ziel

    eu, uThe combination euor uis pronounced like the oyin

    the English word boy.Freund, Bume

    auThe combination of auis pronounced like the ouin the

    English word house orbounce.Traube, taufen

    ch

    There are two sounds for the pronunciation of ch. After a,

    o, uor au, it is approximately the sound you make when

    you clear your throat.

    After all other sounds, chis pronounced much like the sound

    some English speakers make at the beginning of words like

    human, hugeor hue.

    Bauch, acht

    Chemie, ich

    ck The German sound ckbehaves just like the English consonantk. The vowel preceding it is always short and stressed.

    backen, Hecke

    ss, These are pronounced the same, much like the sin the Englishword someor the cin cell.

    essen, i

    There is no letter in English that can be compared to this. It is

    the sound you make if you didnt understand what somebody just

    told you ahhhh?.

    spter, tglich

    This letter is formed by saying an English ewith your lipsrounded.

    glcklich, ben

    This is formed by saying an English awith your lips rounded. knnen, bse

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    3. Introduction to Cases

    o Case: The way German marks whois doing what to/for whom in the sentence.*More technically, the case carries a marker (der, die, das) to indicate the grammatical

    function of any given noun or adjective in the sentence

    o Consider the following example:

    The woman gave the man the book.

    o In English, word order determines what case a noun is in, or WHO is doing WHAT to/for

    WHOM. In this sentence we know that the womandid the giving, the bookwas what was given,

    and the manwas the one it was given to. We know this because of the order of the words in thesentence. In English, if the word order is changed, the meaning is also changed. For example,

    The man gave the woman the book. Now, the man is the one giving and the woman, the one

    receiving. In the English example, The woman gave the book the man, suddenly the book isthe one receiving the man!

    o

    In German, the word preceding a noun (the article) carries an ending that tells what casethe noun is in, as well as which gender the noun has. This allows us to move words around in a

    sentence and retain the same meaning. Consider the following example:

    The woman gave the man the book.

    Die Frau gab dem Mann das Buch.

    o Unlike the English example, changing the word order does not change the meaning of theGerman sentence because of the endings on the word the. For example, Dem Mann gab die

    Frau das Buch, still means that the woman gave the man the book because the words for the

    have retained their endings. Likewise, Die Frau gab das Buch dem Mann, still means that the

    woman gave the man the book. Notice that the thes never change.

    o From this we learn that recognizing what case a noun is in is very important so that we can make

    sure we use the proper endings and convey the meaning we desire.

    o The four cases for German are:

    Nominative - Subject:Who or what is doing the action? In our example: the woman / die Frau.

    Accusative Direct Object:Who or what is being directly acted upon? The action is being done towhom? In our example: the book / das Buch.

    Dative Indirect object:Who is indirectly affected by the action? This is usually thought of inconjunction with the word to. In our example, the book is given towhom? the man / dem Mann.

    Genetive - Possesion:Who or what is the possessor? This is usually thought of in conjunction with

    the word of. We could change our example to say, the book of the man, / das Buch desMannes.

    o See appendix for the articles in their various cases pg. 36

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    4. Asking About / Expressing State of being

    Nominative Case - Subject(See the verb sein in a German reference book)

    o

    State of Being e.g. I am happy, sad, tired, grateful, etc.

    o Roles e.g. We are missionaries, Americans, etc.

    sein = to be

    (nicht)not

    Examples:

    Q. Sind Sieglcklich? A. Ja,ich binglcklich. A. Nein,ich binnicht glcklich.Are you happy? Yes, I am happy. No, I am not happy.

    Q. Ist er Amerikaner? A. Ja, er ist Amerikaner. A. Nein, er ist kein Amerikaner.

    Is he American? Yes, he is American. No, he is not American.

    Ich bin Wir sindI am We are

    Du bist Ihr seidYou are You are

    Sie sind*

    You are

    Er ist Sie sind

    He is They are

    Sie ist

    she is

    Es ist

    It is

    ( ) =masculine, feminine, neuter-in indicates femininity

    glcklich - happy

    traurig - sadmde - tired

    hungrig - hungry

    begeistert - excited

    Amerikaner (in) (m,f) -AmericanDeutscher (m,f) - German

    Missionar (e) in (nen) - missionary

    Mitglied (m,f)(er) - member

    Elder(m)_______ -Elder ______Sister(f)_______ - Sister ______

    Bischof (m) -BishopMissionsprsident (en) Mission Preside

    (kein,

    keine)not a (no)

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    + +

    Nominative article

    masc. fem. neut. plur.

    der die das die

    * Sie is used in formal speaking (i.e. Those you want to show respect to, colleagues, superiors, etc.)

    * Practice switching between du and Sie. (ex. between friends and new acquaintances at church)

    Ich bin Amerikaner.I am American.

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    5. Asking About / Expressing State of being

    Accusative Case - Direct Object(see accusative prepositions in the appendix; see definite-indefinite article chart in the appendix)

    haben = to have

    mich

    me

    uns

    us

    dich

    you

    euch

    you

    ihn, sie, es

    him, her, it

    sie, Sie

    they/ you*

    Examples:

    Q. Sehen Sieihn? A. Ja,Ich seheihn.Do you see him? Yes, I see him.

    Q. Hat ereinen Bruder? A. Nein, er hat keinen Bruder.Does he have a brother? No, He doesnt have a brother.

    Singular Plural

    Ich habe Wir haben

    I have We have

    Du hast Ihr habtYou have You have

    Sie haben*

    You have

    Er hat Sie haben

    He has They have

    Sie hat

    She has

    Es hat

    It has

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    einen keinen Vater () m -father

    einen keinen Bruder () m - brother

    eine keine Schwester (n) f - sister

    eine or keine + Bibel (n) f -Bibleeine keine Mutter () f -Mother

    ein kein Kind (er) n - childein kein Zeugnis (e) n - testimony

    ein kein Buch (er) n - book--- keine Freunde pl -friends

    --- keine Fragen pl - questions

    +

    Ich sehe

    I see

    Du siehst

    you see

    Er sieht

    he sees

    Accusative article

    masc. fem. neut. plur.

    den die das die

    Idee f - idea

    Plan m - plan

    Brot n - bread

    Wir sehenwe see

    Ihr sieht

    you see

    Sie sehen

    You/They see

    +

    Ich habe einen Bruder.

    I have a Brother.

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    6. Asking About / Expressing State of being

    Dative Case- Indirect Object(See dative case articles and prepositions in the appendix)

    Singular Plural wichtigimportant

    notwendignecessary

    lustigfunny

    komischstrange

    Mitarbeiter (m)companion

    Gruppe (f)group

    Land (n)countryside

    Versammlung (f)meeting

    Bro (n)office

    Missionaren (pl)missionaries

    +

    Examples:

    Q. Ist das Buch Mormon dir wichtig? A. Ja, es ist mir sehr wichtig.Is the Book of Mormon important to you? Yes, it is very important to me.

    Q. Kommen Sie mit der Gruppe? A. Nein, ich komme nicht mit der Gruppe.

    Are you coming with the group? No, Im not coming with the group.

    mir unsto me to us

    dir euch

    to you to you

    Ihnen*

    to you

    ihm ihnen

    to him to them

    ihr

    to her

    ihm

    to it

    Q. Ist / Sind dasIs / are that / those

    A. Ja, das ist / sind

    Yes, that / those is / are

    A. Nein, das ist / sindnicht

    No, that/those is / are not

    +

    Q. Kommen SieIs / are that / those

    A. Ja, ich komme

    Yes, that / those is / are

    A. Nein, ich kommenicht

    No, that/those is / are not

    Dative

    preposition

    mitwith

    beiby/ with

    ausfrom

    nachafter

    vonfrom/by

    masc. fem. neut. plur.

    dem der dem den

    Dative article

    Sie ist bei mir heute.

    She is by me (at my house) today.

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    7. Asking About / Expressing Possession or ownership

    Genitive Case - Possession(See possessive pronouns in a German reference book)o

    my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their

    Singular Plural

    meinmy

    unserour

    deinyour

    eueryour

    seinhis

    ihr/Ihrtheir/you

    (formal)r

    addefor

    feminine

    and plural

    add enfor

    masculine

    Examples:

    Q. Haben Siemein Buch Mormon? A. Ja, ich habeIhr Buch Mormon.Do you have my Book of Mormon? Yes, I have your Book of Mormon.

    Q. Ist er der Vater des Mdels? A. Nein, er ist der Untersucher des Missionars.Is he the girls father? No, he is the missionarys investigator.

    Bleistift (e) mpencil

    Untersucher (e) minvestigator

    Buch Mormon nBook of Mormon

    Kleid (er) ndress

    Krawatte (n) fnecktie

    Hose (n) fpair of pants

    Bcher plbooks

    Schuhe pl

    shoes

    Q. Haben SieHave you

    A. Ja, ich habeYes, I have

    A. Nein, ich habe ___ nicht.No, I have ___ not.

    ++

    Q. Ist erIs he

    sieshe

    esit

    A. Ja, er isthe

    sieshe

    esit

    der Vaterthe father

    die Mutterthe mother

    der Untersucherthe investigator

    der Mannthe husband

    die Frauthe wife

    Jung(es) mboyMdel(s) n

    girl

    Missionar(s) mmissionary

    Frau fwoman

    Mann(es) mhusband

    masc. fem. neut. plur.

    des der des der

    Genitive article

    * Note*Mostmasculine and neuter

    words with the des article take on

    the (-es) ending on the noun itself, as

    seen here.

    Ich habe Ihr Buch Mormon

    I have your Book of Mormon

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    8. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their Characteristics

    Adjectives - Weak(See strong/weak adjective chart in appendix)

    der

    die

    das

    die

    gutegood

    hilfreichehelpful

    wichtigeimportant

    bayrische

    Bavarian

    Mann.man.

    Missionarin.missionary.

    Vorbild.example.

    Leute

    people.

    den

    die

    das

    die

    gutengood

    hilfreichehelpful

    wichtigeimportant

    bayrischeBavarian

    Mann.man.

    Missionarin.missionary.

    Vorbild.example.

    Leute

    people.

    Ich binI am

    Sie sind

    They are

    Ich seheI see

    Du schtzstYou appreciate

    Examples:

    Q. Sehen Sie die hilfriche Missionarin?Did you see the helpful missionary?

    A. Ja, ich sehe die gute Missionarin.Yes, I see the good missionary.

    A. Nein, ich sehe keine hilfreiche Missionarin.No, I dont see any helpful missionary.

    * Note* The rule of thumb is thatSOMETHING must show the

    number, gender, and caseof the

    noun. If the indefinite article does not,then the adjective must. But if the

    article does, then the adjective will

    take these weak endings (see theappendix).

    Q. Schtzen Sie das gute Vorbild?Do you appreciate the good example?

    A. Ja, ich schtze sehr das gute Vorbild.Yes, I appreciate the good example very

    much .

    nominative

    accusative

    Er ist der gute Missionar.

    He is the good missionary.

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    9. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics

    Adjectives Strong

    ein

    eine

    ein

    die

    gutergood

    hilfreichehelpful

    wichtigesimportant

    bayrischeBavarian

    Mann.man.

    Missionarin.missionary.

    Vorbild.example.

    Leute

    people.

    gutengood

    tiefgefhlteheartfelt

    warmeswarm

    schwbischeSwabian

    Fortschritt.progress.

    Dankbarkeit.gratitude.

    Essen.food.

    Leutepeople.

    Ich binI am

    Sie sindThey are

    Ich seheI see

    Du schtzstYou appreciate

    Examples:

    Q. Sehen Sie guten Forschritt?Do you see good progress?

    A. Ja, sie macht vielen Fortschritt.Yes, she is making a lot of progress.

    A. Nein, Sie macht keinen Fortschritt.

    No, she isnt making any progress.

    Q. Ist er ein guter Mann?Is he a good man?

    A. Natrlich, ist er ein guter Mann.

    Of course he is a good man!

    A. Ja, Er ist ein gutes Vorbild.

    Yes, he is a good example.

    Er ist ein guter Missionar.

    He is a good missionary.

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    10. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    to have to/ must

    mssen = must / to have to

    Examples:

    Q. Mssen SieDeutsch lernen? A. Ja,ich mussDeutsch lernen.Must you German learn? Yes, I must German learn.

    (Do you have to learn German?) (Yes, I have to learn German.)

    A. Nein,ich mussnicht Deutsch lernen.No, I must not German learn.

    (No, I dont have to learn German.)

    Q. Muss er sie erreichen? A. Ja, er musssie erreichen.Must he of her get a hold of? Yes, he must of her get a hold of.

    (Does he have to get a hold of her?) (Yes, he has to get a hold of her.)

    A. Nein,er muss sie nicht erreichen.No, he must of her not get a hold of.

    (No, he doesnt have to get a hold of her.)

    um Glauben bitten for faith ask for.

    auf ihn warten for him wait.

    so langsam gehen so slowly walk.

    heute singen ben today to sing practice

    Deutsch lernen German study/learn.

    auf die Toilette gehen to the toilet go.

    gehorsam sein obedient be.

    so schnell essen sofast eat.

    jetzt weitermachen now continue.

    sie erreichen her get a hold of.

    Ich muss Wir mssenI must We must

    Du musst Ihr msstYou must You must

    Sie mssen*You must

    Er muss Sie mssenHe must They must

    Sie mussShe must

    Es mussIt must

    (nicht)

    not

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    + +

    * German Verb Rule: There can be only one verb in second position in a sentence. All other verbs must

    come at the end of the sentence in the opposite order in which they would have come initially. See 21 for the

    only exception.

    Sie mssen Deutsch lernen.

    You must German learn.

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    11. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    to be able to/ can

    knnen = can / to be able to

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    Klavier spielen. piano play.

    Englisch sprechen. English speak.

    gut singen. well sing.

    gut kochen. good cook.

    warten. wait.hart arbeiten. hard work.

    mit dem Mann sprechen. with the man speak.

    auf Deutsch beten. in German pray.

    mit uns gehen. with us come.

    zur Kirche gehen. to church go.

    Examples:

    Q. Kannst du mit uns kommen? A. Nein,Ich kannnicht kommen.

    Can you come with us? No, you can not come.

    A. Ja, Ich kann kommen.Yes, you can well sing.

    Q. Kann erschwer arbeiten? A. Ja,er kannschwer arbeiten.Can he hard work? Yes, he can hard work

    A. Nein,er kannnicht hart arbeiten.

    . No, he can not hard work.

    Ich kann Wir knnenI can We can

    Du kannst Ihr knntYou can You can

    Sie knnen*You can

    Er kann Sie knnenHe can They can

    Sie kannShe can

    Es kannIt can

    + +(nicht)

    not

    Du kannst Deutsch sprechen.

    I can German speak.

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    12. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    drfen

    drfen = may / to be allowed to

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    telefonieren call

    beten pray

    das haben that have

    mit Ihnen sprechen with you speak

    die Toilette benutzen the toilet use

    herein kommen inside come

    lange schlafen long sleep

    mit ihr lernen with her study / learn

    zum Essen kommen for dinner come

    hier sitzen here sit

    +(nicht)

    not+

    Examples:

    Q. Darf ich telefonieren? A. Ja,du darfsttelefonieren.May I call? Yes, you may call.

    A. Nein,du darfstnicht telefonieren.

    No, you may not call.

    Q.Drfen wir hier sitzen? A. Ja,Sie drfenhier sitzen.May we here sit? Yes, you may here sit.

    A. Nein, Sie drfennicht hier sitzen.

    No, you may not here sit.

    Ich darf Wir drfenI may We may

    Du darfst Ihr drftYou may You may

    Sie drfen*You may

    Er darf Sie drfenHe may They may

    Sie darfShe may

    Es darfIt may

    Ich darf nicht lange schlafen.

    I may not long sleep.

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    13. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    mgen

    mgen = to like / to like to

    Singular Plural

    den Zugthe train

    die Suppethe soupdie Blumenthe flowers

    Sportsports

    seine Krawattehis necktie

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    ++(nicht)

    not

    Examples:

    Q. Mgen Sieden Zug? A. Ja,ich magden Zug. A. Nein,ich magden Zug nicht.Like you the train? Yes, I like the train. No, I like the train not.

    (Do you like the train?) (Yes, I like the train.) (No, I dont like the train.)

    Q. Mag erSport? A. Ja,er magSport. A. Nein, er magSportnicht.Likes he sports? Yes, he likes sports. No, he likes sports not.

    (Does he like sports?) (Yes, he likes sports.) (No, he doesnt like sports.)

    Ich mag Wir mgenI like We like

    Du magst Ihr mgtYou like You like

    Sie mgen*You like

    Er mag Sie mgenHe likes They like

    Sie magShe likes

    Es magIt likes

    Du magst die Suppe.

    You like the soup.

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    14. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    mchten

    mchten = would like

    Singular Plural helfen.to help.

    mitgehen.with to go.selbst fahren.self to drive.hart arbeiten.

    hard to work.mit Ihnen sprechen.with you to talk to.

    in den Schriften lesen.in the scriptures to read.

    mein Zeugnis geben.my testimony to give.

    die Wohnung putzen.the apartment to clean.

    das Brot essen.the bread to eat.

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    +

    +(nicht)

    not

    Examples:

    Q. Mchten Siehelfen? A. Ja. Ich mchtehelfen.Would you like to help? Yes, I would like to help.

    A. Nein, ich mchtenicht helfen.No, I would like not to help

    Q. Mchte er sein Zeugnis geben? A. Ja,er mchtesein Zeugnis geben.Would he like his testimony to give? Yes, he would like his testimony to give.

    A. Nein,er mchtesein Zeugnis nicht geben.No, he would like his testimony not give.

    Ich mchte Wir mchtenI would like We would like

    Du mchtest Ihr mchtetYou would like You would like

    Sie mchten*You would

    Er mchte Sie mchtenHe would like They would like

    Sie mchteShe would like

    Es mchteIt would like

    Ich mchte helfen.

    I would like to help.

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    15. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    Future tense

    werden = will

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    Kirche.the church.

    hrterharder

    zu Hauseat home

    das Buch Mormonthe Book of Mormon

    das Essenthe food

    den Umrissthe outline

    den Erlsungsplanthe plan of salvation

    Examples:

    Q. Werden Siedarber beten? A. Ja,ich werdedarber beten.Will you about that pray? Yes, I will about that pray.

    A. Nein, ich werdenicht darber betenNo, I will not about that pray.

    Q. Wird er das Essen kaufen? A. Ja,er wirddas Essen kaufen.Will he the food buy? Yes, he will the food buy.

    A. Nein,er wirddas Essen nicht kaufenNo, he will the food not buy.

    Ich werde Wir werdenI will We will

    Du wirst Ihr werdetyou will You will

    Sie werden*You will

    Er wird Sie werdenHe will They will

    Sie wirdShe will

    Es wirdIt will

    kommen.come.

    arbeiten.work.

    bleiben.stay.

    beten.pray.

    lesen.read.

    kaufen.buy.

    brauchen.need.

    erklren.explain.

    ++

    zu(r)to (fem.)/ at

    darberabout that

    umabout

    Ich werde zu Hause beten.

    I will at home pray.

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    16. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

    Purpose clauses

    gehen = to go

    Singular Plural die Kirchechurch

    die Stadt,the citydie Schweiz,the SwitzerlandHause,homeFrankfurt,Frankfurt

    Tempel,the temple

    Kirche,the church

    die Eldersthe Elders

    einkaufen.to shop

    auf Mission.on mission

    Essenfood

    dortthere

    Inspiration.inspiration to receive

    Bndnissecovenants

    Examples:

    Q. Gehen Siein die Stadt um die Elders zu finden?Are you going to the city to find the elders?

    A. Ja,ich gehein die Stadt um die Elders zu finden.

    Yes, Im going to the city to find the elders.

    Q. Geht er nach Frankfurt um dort zu arbeiten?Is he going to Frankfurt in order to work?

    A. Nein, er gehtnach Frankfurt um zum Temple zu gehen.No,he is going to Frankfurt in order to go to the temple.

    Ich gehe Wir gehenI go We go

    Du gehst Ihr gehtYou go You go

    Sie gehen*You go

    Er geht Sie gehenHe goes They go

    Sie gehtShe goes

    Es gehtIt goes

    +

    umin order

    finden.to find.gehen.to go.

    machen.to make.

    arbeiten.to work.bekommen.to receive.

    erneuern.

    to renew.

    durchthrough.ininto/in

    nachto

    zum (r)to

    zuto+ +++

    +

    Ich gehe nach Hause um Essen zu kochen.

    I go to home in order food to cook.

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    17. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events

    Conversational Past: haben(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)

    haben = to have

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    +

    Examples:

    Q.HabenSie den Bleistiftgekauft? A. Ja, ichhabe den Bleistiftgekauft.Have you the pencil bought? Yes, I have the pencil bought.

    A. Nein, ich habeden Bleistift nicht gekauft.No, I have the pencil not bought.

    Q. Hat er das Bild gemalt? A. Ja, er hat das Bild gemalt.

    Has he the picture painted? Yes, he has the picture painted.

    A. Nein, er hat das Bild nicht gemalt.

    No, he has the picture not painted.

    Ich habe Wir habenI have We have

    Du hast Ihr habtYou have You have

    Sie haben*You have

    Er hat Sie habenHe has They have

    Sie hatShe has

    Es hatIt has

    den Bleistift gekauft.

    the pencil bought.

    den Mann gekannt.the man known.

    das Gebet gesprochen.the prayer said.

    dieses Bild gemalt.this picture painted.das Lied gesungen.the song sung.

    das Buch gelesen.the book read.

    die Katze gesehen.the cat seen.

    +

    (nicht)

    not +

    Ich habe gut geschlafen.I have good slept.

    ** Exception (see appendix)*** *intransitive verb

    Du hast das Gebet gesprochen.

    You have the prayer spoke.

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    18. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events

    Conversational Past: sein(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)

    sein = to be

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    Examples:

    Q. Ister zur Kirchegegangen? A. Ja, eristzur Kirchegegangen.Is (has) he to church gone? Yes, he is (has) to church gone.

    A. Nein, eristnicht zur Kirchegegangen.

    No, he is (has) not to church gone.

    Q. Sind wir schnell gelaufen? A. Ja, wir sind schnell gelaufen.Are (have) we fast ran? Yes, we are (have) fast ran.

    A. Nein, wir sind nicht schnell gelaufen.No, we are (have) not fast ran.

    Ich bin Wir sindI am We are

    Du bist Ihr seidyou are You are

    Sie sind*You are

    Er ist Sie sindHe is They are

    Sie istShe is

    Es istIt is

    nach Hause gegangen.to home gone.

    nach Berlin gefahren.to Berlin driven.

    nach Frankreich geflogen.

    to France flown.auf Mission gewesen.on mission been.

    zu Hause geblieben.at home stayed.

    schnell gelaufen.fast ran.

    + +

    (nicht)

    not

    +

    Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.

    We have (to) Home gone

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    19. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events

    Two way prepositions; directional words(See two way prepositions in appendix)

    When the verb indicates a change of location (where to/ wohin) these prepositions require an

    accusative object. When the verb indicates a location only (where/ wo) these prepositions require a

    dative object.

    ich wir

    du ihr

    er sie

    Examples:Q. WohingehenSie? A. Ich gehein dieKirche.

    Where to go you? I go (in) to the church.

    Q. WosindSie? A. Ich binin derKirche.Where are you? I am in the church.

    aufon (horizontally)

    anon (vertically)

    nebennext to

    zwischen

    between

    vorin front of

    inin, into

    hinterbehind

    berabove

    unterunder

    Wo + herWhere from

    Wo + hinWhere to

    gehengo

    kommencome

    fahrendrive/

    travel

    reisenquestionanswer

    den Fugang.the sidewalk.

    den Mann.the man.

    den Mann und die Frau

    the man and women.die Bank.the bank.

    den Tunnel.the tunnel.

    meinen Freund.my friend.

    die Brcke.the bridge.

    die Hochstrae.the overpass.

    Wo+hin gehen Sie?

    To where go you?

    Wir gehen in die Kirche.

    We go to the church.

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    20. Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Place, Purpose - Part 2(Time Telling Aid in appendix)

    Q. WannWhen

    Bis wannUntil when

    Seit wannSince when

    gehen Siego

    bleiben Siestay

    sind Sieare you

    nachto(country, state, city)

    zu (m)(r)to (place in town, specific

    location)

    Hause?home?

    hier?here?

    Supermarkt?supermarket?

    A. AlsWhen

    BisUntil

    SeitSince

    die Partythe party

    sechszehn Uhrthe party

    dem Anfangthe beginning

    vorbei ist.over is.

    bleibe ichstay I.

    bin icham I.

    Examples:Q. Wann gehen Sie nach Hause? A. Als die Party vorbei ist.

    When are you going home? When the party is over.

    Q. Bis wann bleiben Sie hier? A. Bis sechzehn Uhr bleibe ich.Until when are you staying? I am staying until 4pm.

    Wann kommst du zur Kirche?

    When come you to church?

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    21. Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect

    verb kickers

    Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen. Ichwilldem Herrn dienen.I have to Germany come. I want the Lord to serve.

    +

    weilbecause

    (will)

    Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen, weilich dem Herrn dienenwill.I have to Germany come, because I the Lord to serve want.

    1st clause. . . . verb kicker 2nd clause... (verb).

    Ich weiss,I know,

    Ich habe Tennis gespielt,I have tennis played,

    Wir werden zurckkommen,

    We will come back,

    Ist es in Ordnung,Is it o.k.,

    Ich wiederhole es,I repeat it,

    Ich bin auf Mission,I am on mission,

    dassthat

    bevorbefore

    nachdem

    after

    wennif

    damitso that

    weilbecause

    Joseph Smith ein Prophetist.Joseph Smith a prophet is.

    ich auf Mission gekommen binI on mission come have.

    Sie gegessen haben.

    you eaten have.

    wir spter noch einmal anrufenwe later again call?

    Sie es nicht vergessen.you it not forget.

    ich dem Herrn dienen will.I the Lord serve want.

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    22. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories

    Past of sein: waren

    waren = was / were

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    jung - young

    katholisch - Catholic

    evangelisch - Protestant

    glcklich - happy

    traurig - sad

    mde - tiredspt - late

    vor zwei Jahren in Deutschland.in Germany two years ago.

    beim Schlafen.(at) sleeping.

    beim Essen.(at) eating.

    froh, nach Mnchen zu kommen.glad, to Munich to come.

    dankbar, auf Mission zu sein.thankful, on a mission to be.

    (nicht)not

    Examples:

    Q. Warenwir spt dran? A. Ja, wirwarenspt dran.Were we late? Yes, we were late.

    A.Nein, wirwarennicht spt dran.No, we were not late.

    Q. Warer beim Essen? A. Ja, erwarbeim Essen.Was he (at) eating? Yes, he was (at) eating.

    A. Nein, er warnicht beim Essen.No, he was not (at) eating.

    Ich war Wir warenI was We were

    Du warst Ihr wartYou were You were

    Sie waren*You were

    Er war Sie warenHe was They were

    Sie warShe was

    Es war

    It was

    Er war vor zwei Jahren katholisch.

    He was two years ago (before) Catholic.

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    23. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 2

    Accusative Reflexive Pronouns

    Regular Pronouns Accusative Reflexive Pronouns

    Singular Plural Singular Plural

    + verb + + extras

    (wundern) warum

    to wonder why

    Example:

    Q. Kommt er zur Kirche?Does he come to church?

    A. Nein, ich frage mich warumNo, I ask myself why (I wonder why)?

    Ich WirI We

    Du IhrYou You

    Sie*You

    Er SieHe They

    SieShe

    Es

    It

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    mich unsmyself ourselves

    dich euchyourself yourselves

    sich*yourself(ves)

    sich sichhimself/ themselvesherself/

    itself

    Non-reflexive Reflexive

    Ich frage ihn. Ich frage mich.I ask him. I ask myself.

    Du schneidest Brot. Du schneidest dich.You cut bread. You cut yourself.

    Wir fragen uns warum.

    We ask ourselves why.

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    + verb + + body part**

    (waschen) (die Hnde)

    to wash the hands

    24. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 3

    Dative Reflexive Pronouns

    Regular Pronouns Dative Reflexive Pronouns

    Non-reflexive

    Ich gebe es ihm. Ich wasche mir die Hnde.I give it to him. I wash (myself) (my) hands.

    Du kaufst ein Brot. Du kaufst es dir.You buy a bread. You buy it yourself.

    Singular Plural Singular Plural

    Examples:

    Q.Wschst du dir die Hnde? A. Ja, ich wasche mir die Hnde.Wash you yourself the hands? Yes, I wash myself the hands.

    A. Nein, ich wasche mir nicht die Hnde.

    No, I wash myself not the hands.

    Q. Wscht er sich die Fsse? A. Ja, er wscht sich die Fsse.Washes he himself the feet? Yes, he washes himself the feet.

    A. Nein, er wscht sich nicht die Fsse.No, he washes himself not the feet.

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    Ich WirI We

    Du IhrYou You

    Sie*You

    Er SieHe They

    SieSheEsIt

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    mir unsmyself ourselves

    dir euchyourself yourselves

    sichYourself(ves)

    sich sichhimself/ themselves

    herself/

    iselft

    Reflexive

    Ich wasche mir die Hnde.

    I wash myself the hands.

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    25. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention

    Conditional: wrden

    wrden = would

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    gern besser Deutsch sprechen.like better German speak.

    gern die Schriften auswendig lernen.like the scriptures by heart learn.

    dir gern helfen.you like help.

    ihm schreiben, wenner mir schreibenwrde.to him write, ifhe to me write would.

    den Geist spren, wenner Moroni 10 lesenwrde.the Spirit feel, ifhe Moroni 10 read would.

    das Geschirr splen, wenndu helfenwrdest.

    the dishes wash, ifyou help would.

    das Auto waschen, wennes nicht regnenwrde.the car wash, ifit not rain would.

    +

    Examples:

    Q. WrdenSie mir bitte helfen? A. Ja, ichwrdeIhnen helfen.Would you me please help? Yes, I would you love to help.

    A. Nein, ichmchte nicht helfen.

    No, I would not like to help.Q. Wrdeer gern mit uns gehen? A. Ja, erwrdemit uns gehen.Would he like with us to go? Yes, he would like with us to go.

    A. Nein, er wrde nicht gern mit uns gehen.No,he would not like with us to go.

    Ich wrde Wir wrdenI would We would

    Du wrdest Ihr wrdetYou would You would

    Sie wrden*You would

    Er wrde Sie wrdenHe would They would

    Sie wrdeShe would

    Es wrde

    It would

    Wir wrden dir gern helfen.

    We would like to help you.

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    26. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention

    Conditional: htten

    wrden + haben = httenwould + to have = would have

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    gern zehn Brtchen.like 10 rolls. (ordering)

    mehr Zeit, wenn wir nicht schlafen wrden.more time, if we not sleep would.

    bessere Noten, wenn sie ihre Hausaufgaben machen

    wrde.better grades, if she her homework do would.

    nicht auf Mission kommen knnen,wennmeine Familiemir nicht helfen wrde.not on mission come could, if my family me not help would.

    +

    Examples:

    Q. Htteich Geld, wenn ich nicht essen wrde? A. Ja, Sie htten Geld.

    Would I have money, if I not eat would? Yes, you would have money.

    A. Nein, sie htten kein Geld.

    No, you would have no money.

    Q. Htten wir Erfolg, wenn wir nicht studieren wrden? A. Ja, Sie htten Erfolg.

    Would we have success, if we not study would? Yes, you would have success.

    A. Nein, sie htten keinen Erfolg.

    No, you would have no success.

    Ich htte Wir httenI would have We would have

    Du httest Ihr httetYou would have You would have

    Sie htten*You would have

    Er htte Sie httenHe would have They would have

    Sie htteShe would have

    Es htteIt would have

    Sie htten mehr Zeit, wenn Sie nicht schlafen wrden.

    She would have more time, if she wouldnt sleep.

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    27. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention

    Conditional: wren

    wrden + sein = wrenwould + to be = would be

    Singular Plural

    1st

    2nd

    3rd

    ein guter Koch, wenn ich nicht alles anbrennen liesse.a good cook, if I not everything let burn.

    ein Mitglied, wenn die Eltern es erlauben wrden.a member, if the parents it allow would.

    schon fertig, wenn das Telefon nicht geklingelt htte.

    already ready, if the telephone not rung had.

    schon da, wenn der Zug schneller fahren wrde.already there, if the train faster drive would.

    schneller fertig, wenn er mir helfen wrde.faster ready, if he me help would.

    +

    Examples:

    Q.Wrst du lieber zu Hause? A. Ja, ich wre lieber zu Hause.Would you be rather at home? Yes, I would be rather at home.

    A. Nein, ich wre nicht lieber zu Hause.No, I would not be rather at home.

    Q. Wren sie glcklicher? A. Ja, sie wren glcklicher.

    Would they be happier? Yes, they would be happier.

    A. Nein, sie wren nicht glcklicher.

    No, they would not be happier.

    Ich wre Wir wrenI would be We would be

    Du wrst Ihr wretYou would be You would be

    Sie wren*You would be

    Er wre Sie wrenHe would be They would be

    Sie wreShe would be

    Es wreIt would be

    Es wre gut, wenn er mit helfen wrde.

    It would be good, if he would help me.

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    28. Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings

    What do you think about ?

    Q. WiesoHow is it that

    A. WeilBecause

    Q. WarumWhy

    A. Ich denkeI think

    glauben Sieyou believe

    meinen Siethink you that

    dassthat

    GottGod

    ichI

    wirwe

    esit

    existiertexists.

    spre.exists.

    taufen lassen

    sollen?should be baptized?

    seine Liebehis love

    unsus

    wichtig ist.important is.

    Examples:

    Q. Wieso glauben Sie dass Gott existiert.How is it that you believe that God exists?

    A. Weil ich seine Liebe spre.Because I feel his love.

    Q. Warum meinen Sie dass wir uns taufen lassen sollen?Why do you think that we should be baptized?

    A. Ich denke dass es wichtig ist.I think that it is important.

    + +

    Wieso glauben Sie dass es wichtig ist sich taufen zu lassen?

    How is it that you believe that it important is to be baptized?

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    29. Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence

    Wie questions

    Q. WieHowWie viel

    How much/manyWie oft

    How often

    Wie grossHow big

    Wie wichtigHow important

    soso

    so vielthis/as much/many

    so oftthis/as often

    so grossthis/as big

    so wichtigthis/as important

    wieas

    mglich.possible.

    Sie knnen.you are able.

    eine normale

    Gemeinde.a normal

    congregation.

    in die Kirche zu

    gehen.to go to church.

    kommen Sie zur Kirche?do you come to church?

    mchten Sie?would you like?knnen Sie?are you able?

    ist die Kirche?is the church?

    ist es dass ich in den Temple gehe?is it that I go to the temple?

    Examples:

    Q. Wie oft kommen Sie zur Kirche?

    How often do you come to church?A. Ich komme so oft wie mglich.I come as often as possible.

    Q. Wie viel Mal haben Sie gelesen?How many times have you read?

    A. Ich habe fnf mal diese Woche gelesen.I read five times this week.

    A. Ich kommeI come

    Ich mchteI would like

    Ich kannI am able

    Die Kirche istThe church is

    Ich finde esI find it

    + +

    Wie-word verb comparison

    Wie oft kommen Sie zur Kirche?

    How often come you to church?

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    Appendix

    Article Chart:

    Definite:Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural

    Nominative der das die die

    Accusative den das die die

    Dative dem dem der den /en

    Genitive des /es des /es der der

    Indefinite:Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural

    Nominative ein ein eine keine

    Accusative einen ein eine keine

    Dative einem einem einer keinen

    Genitive eines eines einer einer

    Accusative Prepositions Dative Prepositions

    durch aus

    fr auer

    gegen beiohne mit

    um nach

    seitvon

    zu

    Adjective endings - weakMasculine Neutral Feminine Plural

    Nominative -e -e -e -e

    Accusative -en -e -e -en

    Dative -en -en -en -en

    Genitive -en -en -en -en

    Adjective endings - strong

    Masculine Neutral Feminine Plural

    Nominative -er -es -e -e

    Accusative -en -es -e -e

    Dative -em -em -er -en

    Genitive -es -es -er -er

    Two way Prepositions

    an

    auf

    hinterin

    neben

    berunter

    vor

    zwischen

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    Present Regular Verb Conjugation

    Take the en off the end of the verb and add the endings shown in the table below based on the subject.

    Simple Past Verb Conjugation Weak Verb

    For weak verbs take the en off the end and add the endings shown in the table below based on the

    subject.

    Types of Verbs:

    Strong

    bekommen bekam - bekommen

    Mix

    wissen wusste - gewusst

    schlafen - schlief geschlafen

    kennen kannte - gekannt

    ertrumen ertrumte ertrumt

    Weak

    beten betete gebetet

    -e -en

    -st -t

    -en-t -en

    -te -ten-test -tet

    -ten

    -te -ten

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    Verb Guide Chart

    Active Passive Infinitive Participle

    Present habehave

    wird gehabt

    be hadhaben

    to have

    Conversational Past habe gehabt

    have had

    wurde gehabt

    was had

    gehabt

    hadSimple Past hatte

    had

    Future werde habenwill have

    wird haben werden

    will be had

    Conditional httewould have

    wrde gehabt

    would be had

    Active Passive Infinitive ParticiplePresent bete

    praywird gebetet

    be prayedbeten

    to pray

    Conversational Past habe gebetethave prayed

    wurde gebetet

    was prayedgebetet

    prayed

    Simple Past beteteprayed

    Future werde beten

    will pray

    wird gebetet werden

    will be prayedConditional wrde beten

    would praywrde gebetet werden

    would be prayed

    Active Passive Infinitive Participle

    Present gehepray

    - gehento go

    Conversational Past bin gegangenhave prayed

    - gegangenprayed

    Simple Past gingprayed

    -

    Future werde gehen

    will go

    -

    Conditional wrde gehen

    would pray

    -

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    Conversational Past: haben vs. sein

    Direct object ?

    yes no

    haben

    motion?

    no

    yes

    sein

    Du hast das Gebet gesprochen.You

    have the prayer said.

    Wir sind nach Hause gegangen.We have (are) (to) home gone.

    Ich habe gut geschlafen.We

    have well slept.

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    Time Telling Aid

    ..5 nach 2

    ..5 past 2

    .. nach 2

    .. past 2

    ..20 nach 2

    ..20 past 2

    ..5 vor halb 3

    ..5 before half

    ..kurz vor halb 3

    ..short before half 3

    ..halb 3

    ..half 3...kurz nach halb 3..short after half 3

    .. vor 3

    .. to 3

    ..5 nach halb 3

    ..5 after half 3

    ..10 nach halb 3

    ..10 after half 3

    ..kurz vor 3

    ..short before 3

    ..3 Uhr.

    ..3 oclock

    ..2 Uhr.

    ..2 oclock

    .. kurz nach 2

    ..short after 2

    ..10 vor 3

    ..10 to 3

    .. 5 vor 3

    ..5 to 3

    ..10 nach 2

    ..10 past 2