german verb

12
Vistawide - World languages & cultures, foreign language learning tips, study & work abroad, free language study resources. German language learning - German culture resources - German-speaking countries & customs German German grammar Common German errors German practice activities German textbooks German books Why learn German? German magazines German films German music Best German web links Free German software More ... Ads by Google PDF PDF Desktop Sharing Desktop Wall Papers PDF Auf Word Youtube DL MP3 Web vistawide.com Books Search for German grammar books at amazon: Search Now: Languages Why languages? German verbs List of strong & irregular verbs The infinitive | The past participle | The present participle | Weak verbs | Strong verbs | Mixed verbs List of strong & irregular verbs | For more German verbs topics, see the GERMAN GRAMMAR INDEX About strong & irregular verbs The strong verbs in German are characterized by unpredictable changes in their roots to demonstrate verb tense. These stem changes occur particularly in the past tense forms, but in some instances, present tense forms are also affected. Knowing what these root changes are is critical to proper usage of the strong verbs. Once you know these forms, you can easily conjugate strong verbs in any verb tense. Irregular German verbs have various sorts of changes within their roots. In addition, they sometimes have anomalous conjugations that are wholly unpredictable. The list below contains a comprehensive list of all strong and irregular verbs in the German language, except for a few archaic forms that are really no longer used or for which a preferred alternative weak conjugation has arisen. Note that other verbs may be formed from these roots using prefixes; nonetheless, these stem changes will remain the same for all derived verbs, unless otherwise noted. List of strong & irregular German verbs Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St | T-Z Infinitive form Present tense stem change, if any (3rd pers. sing.) Simple past tense (3rd pers. sing.) Helping verb + Past participle Definition German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu... 1 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Upload: nizam144

Post on 26-Oct-2014

96 views

Category:

Documents


7 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: German Verb

Vistawide - World languages & cultures, foreign language learning tips, study & work abroad, free languagestudy resources.German language learning - German culture resources - German-speaking countries & customs

German

German grammarCommon German errorsGerman practice activitiesGerman textbooksGerman booksWhy learn German?German magazinesGerman filmsGerman musicBest German web linksFree German softwareMore ...

Ads by Google

PDF

PDF Desktop Sharing

Desktop Wall Papers

PDF Auf Word

Youtube DL MP3

Web vistawide.com

Books

Search forGerman grammar books

at amazon:

Search Now:

Languages

Why languages?

German verbs

List of strong & irregular verbs

The infinitive | The past participle | The present participle | Weak verbs |Strong verbs | Mixed verbsList of strong & irregular verbs | For more German verbs topics, see theGERMAN GRAMMAR INDEX

About strong & irregular verbs

The strong verbs in German are characterized by unpredictablechanges in their roots to demonstrate verb tense. These stemchanges occur particularly in the past tense forms, but in someinstances, present tense forms are also affected. Knowing whatthese root changes are is critical to proper usage of the strongverbs. Once you know these forms, you can easily conjugatestrong verbs in any verb tense.

Irregular German verbs have various sorts of changes withintheir roots. In addition, they sometimes have anomalousconjugations that are wholly unpredictable.

The list below contains a comprehensive list of all strong andirregular verbs in the German language, except for a few archaicforms that are really no longer used or for which a preferredalternative weak conjugation has arisen. Note that other verbsmay be formed from these roots using prefixes; nonetheless,these stem changes will remain the same for all derived verbs,unless otherwise noted.

List of strong & irregular German verbs

Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

Infinitive form Present tensestem change,if any(3rd pers.sing.)

Simplepast tense(3rd pers.sing.)

Helping verb +Past participle

Definition

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

1 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 2: German Verb

10 Language learning tips15 Language resourcesFree language learning softwareChoosing a language courseLanguages in the United StatesMore ...

Forum

Career resources

Study abroad

Grants & scholarships

501 German Verbs,by Henry Strutz

Full conjugations ofmultiple tenses for501 German verbs.

More info - Buy

Historically speaking, strongverbs represent the oldest

verbs in the German language.They developed alreadyin Indo-European times

(4000-1000 BC). Weak verbsare a newer invention. Theyappeared in the Germanic

languages by 500 BC.

backenbäckt orbackt

backteor buk

hatgebacken

to bake

befehlen befiehlt befahl hat befohlentocommand

Note: fehlen, to be missing or lacking, is conjugated as aweak verb.

beginnen - begannhatbegonnen

to begin

beißen - biss hat gebissen to bite

bergen birgt barghatgeborgen

to salvage

berstenbirst orberstet

barsthatgeborsten

to burst

bewegen - bewog hat bewogen to induce

Note: When bewegen means to move, it is conjugated as aweak verb.

biegen - boghat/istgebogen

to bend,turn

bieten - bot hat geboten to offer

binden - bandhatgebunden

to bind, tie

bitten - bat hat gebetento ask,request

blasen bläst blies hat geblasen to blow

bleiben - blieb ist geblieben to stay

braten brät briethatgebraten

to fry

brechen bricht brachist/hatgebrochen

to break

brennen(mixed)

- branntehatgebrannt

to burn

bringen(mixed)

- brachtehatgebracht

to bring

denken(mixed)

- dachte hat gedacht to think

dreschen drischt droschhatgedroschen

to thresh

dringen - drangist/hatgedrungen

to persist

dürfen(modal)

darf durfte hat gedurft may, to beallowed

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

2 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 3: German Verb

empfehlen empfiehlt empfahlhatempfohlen

torecommend

erkiesen(rare)

- erkor hat erkorento choose,elect

erklimmen(elevated)

- erklommhaterklommen

to scale(climb)

erlöschen erlischt erlosch ist erloschento go out(of light)

Note: When erlöschen is transitive, to extinguish, it isconjugated as a weak verb.

erschrecken erschrickt erschrakisterschrocken

to bestartled

Note: When erschrecken is transitive, to frighten, it isconjugated as a weak verb.

essen isst aß hat gegessen to eat

fahren fährt fuhrist/hatgefahren

to drive, go

fallen fällt fiel ist gefallen to fall

fangen fängt finghatgefangen

to catch

fechten ficht fochthatgefochten

to fight,fence

finden - fandhatgefunden

to find

flechten flicht flochthatgeflochten

to braid,plait

fliegen - flogist/hatgeflogen

to fly

fliehen - floh ist geflohen to flee

fließen - floß ist geflossen to flow

fressen frisst fraßhatgefressen

to eat (ofanimals)

frieren - frorist/hatgefroren

to freeze

Jump to verbs beginning with:A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

Infinitiveform

Present tensestem change,if any(3rd pers.sing.)

Simple pasttense(3rd pers.sing.)

Past participle Definition

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

3 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 4: German Verb

Rosetta Stone GermanLanguage Learning Software

More info - Buy

English - GermanTalking Dictionary /

Electronic TranslatorModel # EGm600T

Bi-directional electronicdictionary with475,000 words.More info - Buy

gären - gärte orgor

ist/hatgegärt orgegoren

to ferment

Note: Literal usage normally applies the strong forms,figurative usage the weak forms.

gebärengebärt orgebiert

gebarhatgeboren

to givebirth

geben gibt gabhatgegeben

to give

gedeihen - gediehistgediehen

to thrive

gehen - gingistgegangen

to walk, go

gelingen - gelangistgelungen

to succeed

gelten gilt galthatgegolten

to count,be worth

genesen - genas ist genesen to recover

genießen - genosshatgenossen

to enjoy

geschehen geschieht geschahistgeschehen

to occur

gewinnen - gewannhatgewonnen

to win,gain

gießen - gosshatgegossen

to pour

gleichen - glichhatgeglichen

to resemble

gleiten - glittistgeglitten

to glide,slide

Note: The verb begleiten, to accompany, has weak verbconjugation.

glimmen(elevated)

- glommhatgeglommen

tosmoulder

graben gräbt grubhatgegraben

to dig

greifen - griffhatgegriffen

to seize

haben(irreg.)

hat hatte hat gehabt to have

halten hält hielthatgehalten

to hold

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

4 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 5: German Verb

501 German Verbs,by Henry Strutz

Full conjugations ofmultiple tenses for501 German verbs.

More info - Buy

Hammer's GermanGrammar and Usage,

4th ed., by Martin Durrell,

The most authoritativeGerman grammar reference

written in English.More info - Buy

Note: The verb beinhalten, to comprise, has weak verbconjugation.

hängen - hinghatgehangen

to behanging

hauen - hiebhatgehauen

to hit

Note: hauen may also be conjugated as a weak verb. Thereis no difference in meaning.

heben - hobhatgehoben

to lift

heißen - hießhatgeheißen

to be called

helfen hilft halfhatgeholfen

to help

kennen(mixed)

- kanntehatgekannt

to know

klingen - klanghatgeklungen

to sound

kneifen - kniffhatgekniffen

to pinch

kommen - kamistgekommen

to come

können(modal)

kann konntehatgekonnt

can, to beable to

kriechen - krochistgekrochen

to crawl,creep

laden lädt lud hat geladen to load

lassen lässt ließhatgelassen

to let

laufen läuft liefist/hatgelaufen

to run

leiden - litt hat gelitten to suffer

Note: The verb verleiden, to spoil, is conjugated as a weakverb.

leihen - liehhatgeliehen

to lend

lesen liest las hat gelesen to read

liegen - lag hat gelegento lie, belying

lügen - log gelogento (tell a)lie

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

5 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 6: German Verb

Harper-CollinsGerman-English

Unabridged Dictionary,5th ed. (2004). One of thebest comprehensive bi-lingual German-English

dictionaries on the market.More info - Buy

Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

Infinitiveform

Present tensestem change,if any(3rd pers.sing.)

Simple pasttense(3rd pers.sing.)

Past participle Definition

mahlen - mahltehatgemahlen

to grind

meiden - miedhatgemieden

to avoid

melkenmilkt ormelkt

melktehatgemolken

to milk

Note: In some regions, molk is the preferred simple pastform, and gemelkt can be heard as past participle.

messen misst maßhatgemessen

to measure

misslingen - misslangistmisslungen

to fail

mögen(modal)

mag mochte hat gemocht to like

müssen(modal)

muss musste hat gemusstmust, tohave to

nehmen nimmt nahmhatgenommen

to take

nennen(mixed)

- nannte hat genanntto name,call

pfeifen - pfiff hat gepfiffen to whistle

preisen - prieshatgepriesen

to praise

quellen quillt quoll ist gequollento gush,well up

raten rät riet hat geraten to advise

reiben - rieb hat gerieben to rub

reißen - rissist/hatgerissen

to rip, tear

reiten - rittist/hatgeritten

to ride (ahorse)

rennen(mixed)

- rannteist/hatgerannt

to run

riechen - rochhatgerochen

to smell

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

6 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 7: German Verb

Oxford-DudenGerman-English

Unabridged Dictionary,3rd ed. (2005). Very

thorough, with up-to-datevocabulary. Includes CD-ROM pronunciation guide.

More info - Buy

Ultimate German AdvancedCD Audio Course with

textbook.More info - Buy

ringen - ranghatgerungen

to wrestle

rinnen - rann ist geronnento flow,trickle

rufen - rief hat gerufento call, cryout

salzen - salzte hat gesalzen to salt

saufen säuft soff hat gesoffento drink,booze

saugen - sog hat gesogen to suck

Note: The weak conjugation of saugen is equally frequent.

schaffen - schufhatgeschaffen

to create

Note: When conjugated as a weak verb, schaffen means tomanage, work.

scheiden - schied ist/hatgeschieden

toseparate,depart

scheinen - schienhatgeschienen

to seem,shine

scheißen - schisshatgeschissen

to sh*t(vulgar)

schelten schilt schalthatgescholten

to scold

scheren - schorhatgeschoren

to shear,clip

Note: When conjugated as a weak verb, scheren means toconcern.

schieben - schobhatgeschoben

to push,shove

schießen - schoss ist/hatgeschossen

to shoot

schinden - schindetehatgeschunden

to flay

schlafen schläft schliefhatgeschlafen

to sleep

schlagen schlägt schlughatgeschlagen

to hit, beat

schleichen - schlichistgeschlichen

to creep,sneak

schleifen - schliffhatgeschliffen

to grind,sharpen

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

7 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 8: German Verb

Note: When conjugated as a weak verb, schleifen means todrag.

schließen - schlosshatgeschlossen

to close,shut

schlingen - schlanghatgeschlungen

to wind,wrap

schmeißen - schmisshatgeschmissen

to fling,chuck

schmelzen schmilzt schmolz ist/hatgeschmolzen

to melt

Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

Infinitive form Presenttensestemchange, ifany(3rd pers.sing.)

Simple pasttense(3rd pers.sing.)

Past participle Definition

schneiden - schnitthatgeschnitten

to cut

schreiben - schriebhatgeschrieben

to write

schreien - schrie hat geschriento scream,shout

schreiten - schritt ist geschritten to stride

schweigen - schwieghatgeschwiegen

to besilent

schwellen schwillt schwollistgeschwollen

to swell

schwimmen - schwamm ist/hatgeschwommen

to swim

schwinden - schwandistgeschwunden

todisappear

schwingen - schwanghatgeschwungen

to swing

schwören - schworhatgeschworen

to swear

sehen sieht sah hat gesehen to see

sein (irreg.) ist war ist gewesen to be

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

8 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 9: German Verb

senden(mixed)

- sandte hat gesandt to send

Note: When conjugated as a weak verb, senden means tobroadcast.

sieden(formal)

-siedete orsott

hat gesotten to boil

singen - sang hat gesungen to sing

sinken - sank ist gesunken to sink

sinnen - sann hat gesonnentomeditate

sitzen - saß hat gesessento sit, besitting

sollen(modal)

soll sollte hat gesollt shall, tobesupposedto

spalten - spaltete hat gespalten/gespaltet

to split,cleave

speien - spie hat gespien to spit

spinnen - spann hat gesponnento spin;be stupid

sprechen spricht sprachhatgesprochen

to speak

sprießen - sproß ist gesprossen to sprout

springen - sprang ist gesprungen to jump

stechen sticht stach hat gestochento prick,sting

stehen - stand hat gestanden to stand

stehlen stiehlt stahl hat gestohlen to steal

steigen - stieg ist gestiegen to climb

sterben stirbt starb ist gestorben to die

stinken - stank hat gestunken to stink

stoßen stößt stießist/hatgestoßen

to bump,push

streichen - strichist/hatgestrichen

to stroke

streiten - stritt hat gestritten to quarrel

Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

9 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 10: German Verb

Infinitiveform

Present tensestem change,if any(3rd pers.sing.)

Simple pasttense(3rd pers.sing.)

Pastparticiple

Definition

tragen trägt trughatgetragen

to wear,carry

Note: The verbs beauftragen and beantragen have weakverb conjugations.

treffen trifft trafhatgetroffen

to meet

treiben - triebist/hatgetrieben

to drive,drift

treten - trittist/hatgetreten

to step

trinken - trankhatgetrunken

to drink

trügen - troghatgetrogen

to deceive

tun - tat hat getan to do

verderben verdirbt verdarbist/hatverdorben

to ruin

verdrießen - verdrosshatverdrossen

to vex

vergessen vergisst vergaßhatvergessen

to forget

verlieren - verlorhatverloren

to lose

verzeihen - verziehhatverziehen

to excuse

wachsen wächst wuchsistgewachsen

to grow

wägen - woghatgewogen

to weigh

waschen wäscht wuschhatgewaschen

to wash

weichen - wichistgewichen

to yield,give way

Note: The weak verb weichen means to soften.

weisen - wieshatgewiesen

to point

wenden(mixed)

- wandtehatgewandt

to turn

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

10 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 11: German Verb

Note: wenden may be conjugated as a weak verb, especiallyto mean to turn over, turn around.

werben wirbt warb hatgeworben

toadvertise,recruit

werden(irreg.)

wird wurdeistgeworden

to become

werfen wirft warfhatgeworfen

to throw

wiegen - woghatgewogen

to weigh

Note: The weak verb wiegen means to rock, sway.

winden - wandhatgewunden

to wind

wissen(mixed/irreg.)

weiß wusste hatgewusst

to know

wollen(modal)

will wollte hat gewollt to want

wringen - wranghatgewrungen

to wring

ziehen - zogist/hatgezogen

to pull;move

zwingen - zwanghatgezwungen

to force

Jump to verbs beginning with: A-F | G-L | M-Schm | Schn-St |T-Z

Books consulted:

Hammer's German Grammar and Usage, 2nd ed., by A.E.Hammer, revised by Martin Durrell, 544 p. (1983)Using German, 2nd ed., by Martin Durrell, 319 p. (2003)Die deutsche Grammatik klar gemacht, 2nd ed., by Karl Otto,Wolff von Schmidt, et al., 47 p. (2004)

The infinitive | The past participle | The present participle | Weak verbs |Strong verbs | Mixed verbs

Dative verbs | Genitive verbs | Verb + preposition idiomsFor more German verbs topics, see the GERMAN GRAMMAR INDEX

Vistawide - All About Learning Languages & Knowing Cultures

All content on this site is copyrighted. © 2004-2010 VISTAWIDE.COMContact - About us

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

11 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM

Page 12: German Verb

German Grammar: German Verbs: Strong & Irregular Verbs - Grammatik ... file:///C:/Documents and Settings/XPPRESP3/Desktop/strong_and_irregu...

12 von 12 12/5/2010 10:17 AM