Germs, Guns, & Steel10-15-14

1. Where did the Europeans contract the first infectious diseases (Flu, smallpox, measles) from?

2. What disease had the most effect on the Native Americans?

3. Name one animal that was domesticated by the Europeans ?

4. What percentage of the Native Americans died due to European diseases?

5. How did the Spanish kill Atahualpa in the end?

European Nations Settle N. America

Background Spain’s colonization did not go

unnoticed by other European countries England & France quickly became

interested Treaty of Tordesillas- divided lands

between Spain/Portugal Treaty was ignored by European countries

New France French started exploring in early 1500s Jacques Cartier- reached gulf of eastern Canada

Came across St. Lawrence River Followed it to present day Montreal

Samuel Champlain Sailed up St. Lawrence River Founded Quebec- Base of France’s colonial empire in

N. America New France

Explored/claimed upper Mississippi & Great Lakes region

Sieur da La Salle- explored lower Mississippi to the Gulf of Mex. Claimed entire river valley for the French (named it Louisiana)

Main economic activity was trading furs

England’s 1st Attempt Ronanoke- The “LOST Colony”

1st attempt of English to Settle N. America Granted by Elizabeth I Sir Walter Raleigh placed in charge Settlers did not have proper supplies

Worked with/kidnapped Indians and forced them to help settlers survive

15 men sent back to Britain to obtain supplies Returned to find no body

90 men, 17 women, & 9 children vanished Word “Croatan” carved on a post Possible attack of indians Mystery has never been solved

Jamestown King James founds a charter to N. America

3 ships/ 100 settlers 1607 reach coast of Virginia Name colony Jamestown

Disastrous start More interested in finding gold than farming First few years, 7/10 would die due to hunger,

disease, or battles with natives Gaining foothold

Started farming tobacco Became main cash crop (highly demanded in

Europe)

Religious Groups to America Pilgrims- 1620

2nd English colony- Plymouth, Massachusetts Persecuted in England for their religious beliefs

Puritans- 1630 Group from Anglican Church- England Much larger colony than Pilgrims Wanted to build a model colony for all Christians to

follow Establish New England

Dutch Land Claims 1609- Henry Hudson

English explorer for Netherlands Explored 3 water ways that are named after him

Hudson River, Hudson Bay, & Hudson Straight Established fur trade with Iroquois indians Established forts on present day Albany &

Manhattan Island- New York Called their claims New Netherland Claimed land in Caribbean

Built tobacco/sugar plantations Enslaved Africans used as labor source

Struggle for N. America Expansion caused tension between French,

English, & Dutch in N. America English vs. Dutch

English forced Dutch to give up their colony Took it without firing a shot Renamed colony to New York- honor of Duke of York England established colonies from Maine to

Georgia 13 total British colonies- 1.2 million settlers

Struggle Cont. French & Indian War English start to expand into land claimed by

French in Ohio Valley Part of a larger conflict – 7 years War being

fought in Europe British colonist defeated French with help from

British army French surrendered their N. American land British seized control of eastern half of N.

America

Native Response Response to invaders were different throughout

N. America Many worked closely with Dutch & French and

benefitted from it English

Needed more land for settlers to build houses/farm Took land that natives hunted or grew their crops

on Religion

English considered natives heathens- people w/out faith

Both sides felt that the other were agents of the devil

King Philip’s War Powhatan tribe

Attacked/killed 300 in a village close to Jamestown Colonists massacred hundreds of indians in

response Metacom- “King Philip”

Powhatan chief Attacked colonial villages killing hundreds Both sides massacred hundreds Within a year colonists defeated natives

Disease More destructive than weapons Smallpox, measles, & other diseases Contributed to less labor available for

use in the colonies Began turning to Africans as the main

source of colonial labor

Mankind Questions 10/23/131. Why did the Pilgrims travel to the New World?2. Who was the Native American that was the

first to greet the Pilgrims speaking English? 3. Who was the Native American that Samoset

brought to the Pilgrims to help them survive?4. What crop did Squanto introduce to the

Pilgrims that was key to their survival?5. What percentage of all Americans today can

trace their descent back to the original 50 Pilgrims?

Mapping exit Questions Pg. 130

1. Which nation claimed the largest area of the present day U.S. in 1754?

2. The Ohio Valley was located along the Ohio River. What French-controlled river did the Ohio flow into?

3. How did Britain’s N. American empire change by 1763?

4. How do you think the expansion of these empires effected the Native Americans who were already occupying these lands?