GERONTOLOGY

WHAT IS GERONTOLOGY?

Gerontology is a Greek word which is a scientific study of old age, the process of ageing and particular problems of old people.

BIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF AGINGProgrammed Aging theory- genetics and heredity responsible for how an individual ages

Cross-Linkage Theory- deterioration of organs/cells causing decreased mobility

Somatic Mutation Theory- DNA changes result in physical decline

Stress Theory- causes structural & chemical changes thru the lifespan

PSYCHOSOCIAL THEORIES OF AGING

Disengagement Theory- withdrawn, introspective, self-focused – this is older theory not widely accepted.

Continuity theory- characteristics, values remain constant through life… repeat behaviors that brought success in the past

Activity Theory- satisfaction depends on involvement in new interests /activities or maintenance of high levels of functioning.

COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS

Heart disease, cancer, strokePoly-PharmacyAccidents, fallsArthritisChronic illnessElder Abuse

COGNITIVE CHANGESAbility to perceive and understand one’s worldMild short term memory lossLong term memory remains intactSlower responses and reactions

GENERAL PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES

All systems decline in overall functioningDecreased physiological reservesModified pace & more frequent rest periods

INTEGUMENTARY CHANGES

Decreased skin elasticity-wrinklingIncreased drynessThickened nailsThinning of hair (baldness)Decreased SQ fat

MUSCULOSKELETAL CHANGES

Stiff joints & less flexibilityMobility slows & posture stoopsMuscle mass, tone & strength decreaseBone demineralization

NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES

CNS responds slowerRate of reflex response decreasesSense of balance declinesNight sleep shortensTemp. regulation & pain perception less efficient

SPECIAL SENSES CHANGESDiminished visionNight blindnessDiminished hearingDecreased taste & smell

DENTITION CHANGES

Tooth decay continues

Missing teeth or ill fitting dentures effect eating habits

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Notable changes due to agingGraying of hairWrinkling of skinReduced skin turgorDry scaly skinThinning epidermisThicker nailsAge spots

ADJUSTING TO CHANGES OF AGING

Rest moreCurtail drivingCane/walker for mobilityDiet/nutritional changesAgeism

HAVE TO FOLLOW:

NutritionExerciseImmunizationsAnnual PhysicalsMedications