I enjoy to run in the mornings.I dislike to walk in the rain.I hope passing my exams.She can´t afford taking the plane to Australia.We stopped to smoke because the doctor recommended that.I know the door is open, I forgot closing it.

I enjoy running in the mornings.I dislike walking in the rain.I hope to pass my exams.

She can´t afford to take the plane to Australia.We stopped smoking because the doctor recommended that.

I know the door is open, I forgot to close it.

Gerunds

and

Infinitives

http://www.english-grammar-lessons.com/ingform/exercise4.swf

Gerunds used as subject of the sentence.

Dancing is fun.

To form gerunds, usethe base form + ing

(don’t’ forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)

I enjoy learning English

To form negative gerunds, use not + gerund

Not speaking English well is my biggest problem in this country.

Gerunds after certain verbs

He enjoys working with children.

Verbs that take only Gerunds

• Appreciate• Avoid• Delay• Deny• Discuss• Dislike• Enjoy• Excuse• Finish• understand

• Keep• Mention• Mind• Miss• Postpone• Quit• Recall• Recommend• Resent• suggest

Gerunds used as object of the preposition

I am thinking about taking the children to Australia.

Common preposition combinations followed by gerunds

• Be excited about, complain about, talk about, think about, worry about

• Apologize for, blame for• Believe in, interested in, succeed in• Take care of, instead of, be accused of• Insist on• Keep from, prevent from• In addition to, look forward to, be used to

go + gerundRecreational activities: camping, dancing,sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging,

I will go fishing with you tomorrow.

INFINITIVES

To form infinitives useto + base form of the verb

I want to dance

To form negative infinitives useNot + infinitive

He decided not to go the party.

Infinitives in the subject position

To live in Canada is my dreamIt is my dream to live in Canada.

Verbs that take infinitives

Verb + infinitives – agree, appear, decidehope, intend, learn, offer, plan, seem, tend,

wait, can afford, want, needVerb + Noun phrase + infinitive –convince, force,

invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage

Verbs that come directly after the infinitive or have a noun phrase – ask, beg, choose, expect, need, want, would like, promise

DIFFERENCES??

Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that an action is happening or has

happened.

The action expressed by the verb comes at the same time or after the action

expressed by the gerund.

We enjoy going to concerts. (you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done –

not things you haven’t done yet.)

Infinitives often follow verbs that indicate that an action will or could happen.

The action expressed by the verb comes before the action expressed by the

infinitive.

We hope to go to the concert.(You can hope for things that could happen

not things that have already happened)

Some verbs can be followed by both gerund or infinitive with no change in

meaning.

Begin, hate, like,start, love, prefer, continue

I like cooking.I like to cook.

She started losing weightShe started to lose weight.

Some verbs although they can be used after both gerunds and infinitives have a difference in

meaning.

rememberforgetregretstoptryget

She stopped smoking.She stopped to smoke.

They remembered buying bread.They remembered to buy bread.

http://www.englishpage.com/gerunds/index.htm

4 Types of Verbs

• Only infinitives

• Only gerunds

• Both

• Both with change in meaning

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Verbs only with to-infinitives

• Ex) hope, want…I hope you to see a doctor.I want to know about you.

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Verbs only with gerunds.

• Ex) enjoy, finish…I enjoyed talking over a cup of coffee.I finished writing a letter.

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Only infinitives

agreeappeararrangeask begincare choosecontinuedecidedetestdislikeexpectfail

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happenhavehesitatehopeintendmeanofferplanpromiseproposerefusethreatenteachusewaitwantwish

Only gerunds• admit

avoidcan't helpconsiderdelaydenydetestdislikeenjoyescapeexcusefinish

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imaginemindmisspermitpostponepracticequitrecallrecommendresistsuggesttolerate

Both

• Like Love hate prefer start begin continue

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• Gerunds are often used when actions are real, concrete or

completed::• I stopped smoking.

(The smoking was real and happened until I stopped.) • Infinitives are often used when actions are unreal,

abstract, or future::• I stopped to smoke.

(I was doing something else, and I stopped; the smoking had not happened yet.)

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Both with change

• remember forget stop try regret

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Thank you

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• http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_infinitive.htm

• http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/structures/gerund_infinitive2.htm