(get it? what’s the matter?). a. matter 1. anything that has mass and occupies space 2. anything...
TRANSCRIPT
I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER
A. Matter1. Anything that has mass and
occupies space2. Anything with inertia3. Two kinds of Matter
a. Mixturesvariable composition
b. Substancesconstant composition
SUMMARY
I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER
B. Substances1. Have constant composition2. Cannot be broken down or
separated by physical processes
I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER
B.Substances3. Two kinds of Substances
a.Elementssubstances that are
made up of only 1 type of atom
Examplesgold, silver,carbon, oxygen, copper, hydrogen, sulfur
B. SUBSTANCES
3. Two kinds of Substancesb. Compounds
are substances that are made up of more than one type of atom.
Examples:water, table saltsodium bicarbonate,carbon dioxide, sugar
REVIEW IT NOW:
I. COMPOSITION OF MATTER
C. Mixtures1. Two or more substances
physically combined2. Composition varies from
sample to sample3. Examples
Dirt, salt water, tea, jelly
C. MIXTURES4. Two kinds of Mixtures
a. HomogeneousAlso called a
solution
– A mixture with only one phase– Materials are evenly spread out– Examples:
salt water, toothpaste, air, bronze, brass
C. MIXTURES4. Two kinds of Mixtures
b. HeterogeneousThe individual
components can be easily distinguished
ExamplesPizza,
salad, concrete,
nachos, tacos
II. STATES OF MATTER
A. Kinetic Theory of Matter
1. Matter exists as a solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.
2. Tiny particles (atoms) in constant motion make up all matter.
II. STATES OF MATTERB. Solids
1. Mc tightly packed - can’t be compressed
2. Definite shape & volume
3. Least kinetic energy - mc only vibrating
II. STATES OF MATTERC. Liquids
1. Mc less tightly packed than solids
2. Indefinite shape (mc flow past each
other)3. Definite volume4. More kinetic energy
than solids
Liquid
Solid
II. STATES OF MATTER
D. Gases1. Mc spread out.
2. Indefinite shape and
volume3. More kinetic energy than
solids and liquids
Gas Liquid Solid
II. STATES OF MATTERE. Plasma
5.The most common state of matter in the universe!– Not found naturally
on earth.– Found in stars, the
sun, inside fluorescent bulbs
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
b. Some can be measured and some are the same no matter how much of the substance you have
1.Characteristics of matter that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIESWe will use two terms to categorize these properties: extrinsic and intrinsic Extrinsic properties rely on how much of the substance you have and is a property that can be measured:
Length, mass, volume, or temperature
Intrinsic properties are true no matter how much of the substance you have:boiling pt., melting pt., color, density
HOW TO CALCULATE DENSITY Density is a calculation of how much
mass a substance has per unit of volume.
D = m/v“m” is for mass (usually in grams or “g”)“v” is for volume (usually in milliliters or
“ml”) “D” is for density (in g/ml if the units above
are used)
For example, 10 ml of water has a mass of 10 grams, meaning water has a density of 1g/ml.
Attraction to a
magnet,
buoyancy, viscosity
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES1.Other intrinsic properties include thebehavior of the substance such as…
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture
Sand SaltPebblesIron filingsBeans
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2. Physical properties can be used to separate a mixture
Sand SaltPebblesIron filingsBeans
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES1.Describe how a substance
reacts or fails to react when brought in contact with another substance
2.Example: burns, flammability, explodes, bubbles
SELF TEST: TRUE/FALSE1. Odor is a chemical property.2. Boiling points are physical
properties.3. Melting is a chemical
property4. The ability of wood to float
is a physical property.5. The fact that paper burns is
a chemical property.
FT
F
T
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C. PHYSICAL CHANGE
Changes which do not change the identity of the substance(s)
MeltingDissolvingTearingCuttingFreezingBoiling
III. Describing Matter
D. CHANGES IN STATE
1. Thermal Expansiona. Almost all matter
expands as it gets hot and contracts as it cools Name an exception.
b. Different materials expand at different rates.
D. CHANGES IN STATE2. Melting
a. the change from a solid to a liquid
b. Melting pt. – temp. at which a solid becomes a liquid
D. CHANGES IN STATE
4. Vaporizationa. Boiling
– rapid; gas bubbles form throughout the
liquid
Boiling pt. temp. at which a liquid becomes a gas
D. CHANGES IN STATE
4. Vaporizationa. Evaporation
liquid changes to a gas at temperatures below the boiling point
• SlowOccurs at the surface
D. CHANGES IN STATE
5. Condensationchange from a gas to a liquid Note:Boiling pt. = Condensation pt.
D. CHANGES IN STATE
6. Sublimation A solid becomes a gas
without first becoming a liquid
Example: Dry Ice
E. CHEMICAL CHANGE
1. Changes which alter the identity of the substance
2. Occur during a chemical reaction3. Evidences of a chemical change:
a. Production of light, heat, soundb. Absorption of heat (container
gets cold)c. New color, new odor
E. CHEMICAL CHANGE
3. Evidences of a chemical change:d. New color, new odore. Appearance of a new substance
Gas: effervescence )
Solid: precipitate