gettin cities right: what role for metropolitan governance?, marissa plouin, urban policy analyst,...
DESCRIPTION
Primer Encuentro para un Gobierno Metropolitano. Ciudad de México, Palacio de Minería. 1 y 2 de julio de 2014. CONAMMTRANSCRIPT
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GETTING CITIES RIGHT: WHAT ROLE FOR METROPOLITAN
GOVERNANCE?
Marissa Plouin Urban Policy Analyst, OECD
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1. “Getting cities right”: what can governments do?
2. Why metropolitan governance?
3. What does metropolitan governance look like? How can it be sustained?
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Getting cities right:
What role for metropolitan governance?
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Most people across the OECD live in
cities of varying sizes.
…Mexico is no exception.
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Cities generate important benefits
… and costs.
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What does it mean to get cities right?
An administrative logic: cities as administrative entities
Problem-driven, with a focus on issues cities as administrative entities
A narrowly defined urban agenda
A silo approach, with sectoral, fragmented responses to specific challenges
A functional logic: cities as functional economic areas
Strategic, with a focus on opportunities
A holistic approach
Integrated approaches to cross-cutting urban challenges
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• By getting cities right, governments can serve a greater share of the population and the economy…
• …yet national governments need to think more strategically about cities.
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Why is it so important to get cities right?
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An OECD framework to assess national
policies, as they affect urban outcomes
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• Take a broader view of cities and urban policy
• Improve co-ordination of sectoral policies at national level (e.g. housing, transport, tax, environment, energy, water)
• Empower cities to transition toward more efficient urban governance
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What can governments do?
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1. Getting cities right: what can governments do?
2. Why metropolitan governance?
3. What does metropolitan governance look like? How can it be sustained?
9
Getting cities right:
What role for metropolitan governance?
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Metro governance can help match
public policies to today’s urban realities.
London
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Local government fragmentation
hinders economic growth.
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A doubling of fragmentation is associated
with 5-6% drop in productivity.
OECD estimates that a doubling of the number of municipalities per 100 000 inhabitants is associated with 5-6% decrease in productivity levels.
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Metro governance helps manage the costs of
cities and leads to higher quality of life.
Metro-wide planning leads to less urban sprawl and greater satisfaction with public transport
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• Improving co-ordination should be a means to an end, rather than an end in itself.
• What objectives for a metro governance body?
– Improved public service delivery
– More coherent, strategic urban planning
– Improved environmental management
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Better co-ordination should not be the
end goal.
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1. “Getting cities right”: what can governments do?
2. Why metropolitan governance?
3. What does metropolitan governance look like? How can it be sustained?
15
Getting cities right:
What role for metropolitan governance?
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Metro governance bodies are
increasingly common across the OECD.
Average number of metro governance bodies created or reformed in OECD countries per decade
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What do metro governance bodies do?
Regional development, transport and spatial planning are the core responsibilities of metro governance bodies
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Four common approaches to metro
governance
Informal/soft co-ordination Inter-municipal authorities
Supra-municipal authorities Special status of “metropolitan cities”
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When a metro body exists, it is often
informal/soft co-ordination.
Breakdown of metropolitan areas by type of governance arrangement
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Budgets of metro governance bodies
can vary significantly.
Median budget per capita (USD, PPP)
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Different factors can guide the choice
of a metro governance model
• What works in one metro area may not be easily replicable in another.
• Identifying the most relevant form of metro governance remains a matter of political and social choice.
• However, OECD experience suggests a number of guidelines for the process of effective metropolitan governance reform.
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Key issues for metropolitan governance reforms
Framework conditions for the reform
Economic context
Political context
Social context
Building the reform
Rationale of reform
Demand for reform
Design of reform
Sustaining the reform
Leadership
Communication
Monitoring and evaluation
The process of reforming metro governance
is as important as the choice of the model.
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Key steps for metro governance
reforms
• Identify a clear cause for collaboration and communicate on successful collaboration outcomes.
• Develop metropolitan leadership and/or ownership.
• Empower and engage stakeholders at an early stage, and ensure accountability and transparency.
• Strengthen the evidence base and track progress.
• Provide (or secure) sources of financing.
• Balance clear time frames and flexibility.
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• The presence of a metropolitan authority does not guarantee policy co-ordination
• Budgets and staff of metropolitan governance bodies reflect variation in their powers
• Large metropolitan governance authorities are not always understood by residents
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Anticipating challenges to metro
governance bodies
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Gracias
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…and can facilitate potential positive
spillover effects.
Yearly growth rates of GDP per capita in TL3 regions (1995-2010) and driving time to the closest large
metropolitan area of 2 million or more inhabitants
Proximity to cities has a positive impact on economic growth.