8/12/2016 ISERC 2016 1

Getting Design Right

Peter L. Jackson

Systems Engineering Program

Cornell University

Motivation

• Why doesn’t everyone learn systems engineering?

• What are the impediments to dissemination?• Emphasis on complexity

• Engineering vs. design

• Document-centric

• What is the joy of systems engineering?

• What are the lessons from the Six Sigma movement?

DoD Systems Engineering

US DOD Mil499B as reproduced in INCOSE Handbook v2

DMAIC Process (Six Sigma)

iSixSigma.com

Curriculum Requirements• Emphasize discovery, design, problem-solving, and validation

• Defer discussions of complexity until after a basic design methodology has been taught

• Describe the methodology as a design cycle of simple steps

• Blend the systems engineering approach with other customer-focused and product-development focused approaches

• Use action-oriented verbs to describe the steps

• Motivate each major design step with “What Went Wrong” case studies

• Restrict techniques to those requiring only secondary-school level mathematics and science

• Illustrate each step using a running example

• Reinforce systems thinking with repeated opportunities for abstraction (‘dive and surface’)

• Provide design challenges in both business and engineering applications

Design Cycle: ‘Eight Steps to Getting Design Right’

‘What Went Wrong’ Case Studies

The Vasa Warship

The Patriot Missile

The RelaxacisorBabbage Difference Engine

The Mars Orbiter

The Hubble Telescope

The International Space Station

http://www.traveljournals.net/pictures/l/18/188954-vasa-warship-at-the-vasa-muset-stockholm-sweden.jpg

http://www.museumofquackery.com/devices/images/relaxwoman.jpg

http://www.plyojump.com/classes/images/computer_history/analytical_engine_fragment.JPG

http://www.tcappsbct.com/BCT/img/Patriot_missile_launch.jpg

http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/image/spacecraft/mars98orb.jpg

http://www.dailyhotnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/hubble-telescope-752865.jpg

http://schsscience.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/international-space-station2.jpg

http://www.juvandesign.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/05/boeing1.jpg

http://lostcruiseliners.webs.com/0_paintings_titanic%5B1%5D.jpg

Boeing 787 Dreamliner

The ‘Titanic’

Running Example: Designing a Toy Catapult

http://static.letsbuyit.com/filer/images/uk/products/original/128/40/schleich-catapult-12840960.jpeg

Learn By Doing

• A Worked Example

• A Toy Catapult

• Suggested Projects

• Bathroom Cleaning Robot

• Meal Delivery Service

• Health Monitoring System

• Pedestrian Alert System

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Fundamental Views

Eight Steps

The House of Quality

The Vee Diagram

The Linked House of Quality

The Systems Cube

The Operations Description Template

The Context Diagram

The Operations Description Template Integrates Views

Dive and Surface

• Applications of abstraction

• Functional requirements

• Voice of the customer

• Concept classification

• Subsystem identification

• Behavior threads to functional flow and state change

• Zachman architecture

Focus for Tutorial

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Small Group Activity

• Break into groups of 3-4

• Consider the following problem:• It is a cold night and you as a group have left a

restaurant at closing time. One of you was going to drive everyone home but your car keys are not in your pocket.

• Quickly decide as a team how you would organize to solve the problem• What are the steps?

• In what sequence?

• Can any steps be performed in parallel?

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Small Group Activity 2

• You are designing a meal delivery system• Unified menu of participating restaurants

• Single point of payment

• Coordinated pickup and delivery

• Managed fleet of vehicles and drivers

• Use an operation description template to describe the customer experience

• Identify use cases

• Construct a context matrix (or context diagram)

• Abstract functional requirements

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Virtues of “Getting Design Right”

• Better project scope

• Better project definition

• Focus on customer requirements

• Purposeful exploration of alternatives

• More successful integration and test

• Explicit consideration of risk

• Better project management

• Continuous improvement

Related Talk

• Systems Design Thinking: Integrating Effectiveness and Efficiency

• Sirietta Simoncini, Peter L. Jackson

• Systems Engineering Program, Cornell University

• Tuesday, May 24

• 5:00 pm, Adventure Room, Adventure Tower

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Appendix: Eight Steps of Getting Design Right

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Define the Project

Context diagram

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Measure the Need and Set Targets

House of quality

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Explore the Design Space

Provide working surface

Absorb power

Resist force

Rigid solid Terminator Fix to seabed

Flexible solid

Attenuator Balance wave forces

Gas Point absorber

Use inertia

Concept classification tree

Morphology box

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Direction of Change ¯ ­ ¯ ­ ¯ ­ Units Targets

Maximum launch velocity 0.5 XX XX XX ? XX XX mps 6

Maximum mass launch capability 0.5 XX √√ XX ? XX XX g 150

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Measurement Units

Optimize Design Choices

Pugh matrix

Optimization models

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Develop the Architecture

Operational

description template

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Validate the Design

Design review

Failure modes and effects analysis

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Execute the Design

Resource-constrained

scheduling

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Iterate by Level

The Vee diagram

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Iterate by Level

Linked houses of quality

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Systems Engineering Databases

The Systems Cube