getting there: transforming and integrating urban travel provision for people with disabilities...

GETTING THERE:Transforming and Integrating Urban Travel Provision for

People with Disabilities

David Ling – The University of Manchester, UK

Stuart Murray – Transport for Greater Manchester, UK

GETTING THERE:Transforming and Integrating

Urban Travel Provisionfor People with Disabilities

David Ling – The University of Manchester, UK

Stuart Murray – Transport for Greater Manchester, UK

Britain and the English Metropolitan Areas

Britain comprises:-• 3 Countries and 11 Regions

– North East 2.607 mil.– North West 6.936 mil.– Yorkshire & Humber 5.301 mil.– East Midlands 4.481 mil.– West Midlands 5.455 mil.– East of England 5.832 mil.– Greater London 7.825 mil.– South East 8.523 mil.– South West 5.274 mil.– Wales 3.006 mil.– Scotland 5.222 mil.

• A total population of 60.463 million


Britain comprises:-• 3 Countries and 11 Regions

– North East 2.607 mil.– North West 6.936 mil.– Yorkshire & Humber 5.301 mil.– East Midlands 4.481 mil.– West Midlands 5.455 mil.– East of England 5.832 mil.– Greater London 7.825 mil.– South East 8.523 mil.– South West 5.274 mil.– Wales 3.006 mil.– Scotland 5.222 mil.


• Metropolitan Areas are:-• The 6 English conurbations

– Greater Manchester 2.629 mil.

• Centred on Manchester

– Merseyside 1.353 mil.• Centred on Liverpool

– South Yorkshire 1.328 mil.• Centred on Sheffield

– Tyne & Wear 1.120 mil.• Centred on Newcastle

– West Midlands 2.655 mil.• Centred on Birmingham

– West Yorkshire 2.250 mil• Centred on Leeds



• Metropolitan Areas are:-• The 6 English conurbations

– Greater Manchester 2.629 mil.

• Centred on Manchester

– Merseyside 1.353 mil.• Centred on Liverpool

– South Yorkshire 1.328 mil.• Centred on Sheffield

– Tyne & Wear 1.120 mil.• Centred on Newcastle

– West Midlands 2.655 mil.• Centred on Birmingham

– West Yorkshire 2.250 mil• Centred on Leeds


Relationship of Age and Mobility Difficulties

Adults with Mobility Difficulties

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

16-49 50-59 60-69 70+ All16+

Age Ranges

Male Female All Adults

Mobility Difficulty and Trip MakingTravel by Adults with and without Mobility Difficulties

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

16-49 50-59 60-69 70+

Age Ranges

Trip

s pe

r Per

son

per Y

ear

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

With Mobility Difficulties by Age Without Mobility Difficulties by AgeAdults of All Ages with Mobility Difficulties Adults of All Ages without Mobility Difficulties

Concessionary Fares in the English Metropolitan Areas

Elderly People’s Concessionary Fares Before 1st April 2006Residents aged 60 or over

Full Fares = No Concession

GreaterManchester

Merseyside SouthYorkshire

Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire

Bus Fare per ridefor normal daytime services

Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-faremax 50 p

Full Fares Full FaresFree after

09:00

Full FaresFree after

09:00

Full Fares Full Fares

At allother times

Half-faremax 50 p

Free 40 pOr Half-fare

Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00

Local Rail & LRT Fare

Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-fareNo maximum


09:00


09:00


At allother times

60 p Free 40 pOr Half-fare

Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Disabled People’s Concessionary Fares Before 1st April 2006Disabled Residents


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-faremax 50 p



09:00


At allother times

Half-faremax 50 p


Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-fareNo maximum



09:00


At allother times


Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Blind etc. People’s Concessionary Fares Before 1st April 2006More Disabled Residents


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Free Free Free Full FaresFree after

09:00

Full Fares Free

At allother times

Free Free Free Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free Free


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Free Free Free Full FaresFree after

09:00

Full Fares Free

At allother times

Free Free Free Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free Free


Elderly People’s Concessionary Fares Before 1st April 2006Residents aged 60 or over


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-faremax 50 p


09:00


09:00


At allother times

Half-faremax 50 p


Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-fareNo maximum


09:00


09:00


At allother times


Half-fareMax 50p

25p after 19:00

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Elderly People’s Concessionary Fares After 1st April 2006Residents aged 60 or over


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half-faremax 50 p

Free FreeAged Under

65 Only

Full Fares Full FaresOr £24.25

per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times

Free Free Free Free Free Free


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Half FareNo maximum

Free FreeAged Under

65 Only


Per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times

Free Free Free Full FaresFree for

£8 per Year

Free 35 pHalf-fare

15:00-18:00


Elderly People’s Concessionary Fares mid-2012Residents aged 60 or over


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Full Fares Full Fares Full FaresFree after

09:00

Full FaresFree Travel to Hospital

Full FaresOr £31.00

per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times



Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Full Fares Full Fares Full FaresFree after

09:00


Per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times


£25 per Year

Free Half FareNo Maximum


Disabled People’s Concessionary Fares mid-2012Disabled Residents


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Full Fares Free FreeAged Under

65 Only

Full FaresFree if

Work/Study


per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times



Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Full Fares Free FreeAged Under

65 Only

Full FaresFree for

£25 per YearIf Work/Study


Per 4 Weeks

Full Fares

At allother times


£25 per Year

Free Half FareNo Maximum


Blind etc. Disabled People’s Concessionary Fares mid-2012More Disabled Residents


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire


Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Free Free FreeAged Under

65 Only

Full FaresFree if

Work/Study


per 4 Weeks

Free

At allother times



Before 09:30Mon-Fri

Free Free FreeAged Under

65 Only

Full FaresFree for

£25 per YearIf Work/Study


Per 4 Weeks

Free

At allother times

Free Free Free Full FareFree for

£25 per Year

Free Free

Concessionary Travel in Greater Manchester

Since the introduction of ‘Free Off-peak’ Concessionary Fares• Elderly & Disabled journeys have increased by 27% & 47% respectively• Elderly & Disabled reimbursement costs have risen by 204% & 35%• Children’s concessionary fares have risen and journeys & costs have decreased

Trends in Concessionary Travel in Greater Manchester

Elderly Disabled Children Total % Elderly % Disabled

2005/06 34.7 6.6 38.3 79.6 43.6% 8.3%

2011/12 44.0 9.7 20.8 74.5 59.1% 13.0%

Concessionary Journeys per Year [million] % change +26.8% +47.0% −45.7% −6.41% +35.5% +57.0%

2005/06 12.8 6.5 13.7 33.0 38.8% 19.7%

2011/12 39.0 8.8 5.5 53.3 73.2% 16.5%

Concessionary Reimbursement

per Year [£ million out-turn] % change +204.7% +35.4% −59.9% +61.5% +88.6% −16.2%

Main Specialist Transport in the English Metropolitan Areas

Fares Charged on Specialist Services [mid-2012]

Dial-a-RideC.T. in South Yorks.

GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire

Fare per ride

for ‘normal’Journeys

Before 09:30Mon-Fri

£2.00£3.20 return

FreeVary by Distance£1.50 to£2.50+

No Longer Operated

60 p £3.00

At allother times

£1.00Concession£1.60 return

Free 60 p £3.00

Special Fares for other Journeys or Users

Double FareFor Cross-Boundary

None £3.20+Same DayDoncaster only No Longer

Operated

Standard Bus Faresfor Companions

None

Basis of Concessionary or Reduced Fares

ENCTSPasses

& Children

Free for Essential Companion

No reductions

ChildrenHalf-fareAged 5-16

Free for ENCTS

pass holders


Availability of Specialist Services [mid-2012]


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire

Eligibility for Service Self-CertifyCan’t use PT

Higher Rate DLA

Self-CertifyCan’t use PT

No Longer Operated



Travel Area LimitsFor Standard Fares etc.

Within each GM District

All ofMerseysideto accessible PT

Within own LA District

Within each of 8 areasplus ½ mile

Local Journeys

Only

Other Trip Limitations None 10 journeys per month

Not for NHS

None

No Longer Operated

Not for NHS Hospital

Treatment

Specific Areas on Set Days

Booking ConstraintsFor Standard Travel

Book on day beforeUnless on BDS

Book 2-7 days before

VariesTo must book 7 days before

Book up to 2 days before

Unlimited advance booking


Operational and Booking Times [mid-2012]


GreaterManchester


Tyne &Wear

West Midlands

West Yorkshire

Operating TimesStandard Bookings

Mon-Sat08:00-22:45Sun. varies

Mon-Sun08:00-23:00

Variesfrom Mon-Fri09:00-17:00 No Longer

Operated

Mon-Sun08:00-23:00

Mon-Sat09:00-17:30Sun to 17:00

Booking Hoursfor Standard Travel

09:30-12:457 days/week08:00-16:00

on BDS

10:00-14:007 days/week

Variesfrom Mon-Fri 13:00-16:00

08:00-23:007 days/week

Mon-Fri07:30-16:00

Other Trip Opportunities Cross Boundary

For Extra Fare

None Group Travel

7 days/week No Longer Operated

To adjacent areas

Limited Service

None

Booking for Special Trips NegotiableAny time in Advance

None Same DayDoncaster only

Mon-Fri08:00-17:00

Advance BookingUp to 12

journeys/year

None

Increasingly Accessible Buses

Proportion of Accessible Buses Operated in GB

0.0%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

40.0%

50.0%

60.0%

70.0%

80.0%

90.0%

2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11

% Buses Fully DDA PSRV Compliant % Buses Low-floor only Total % Accessible Buses

Trends in Local Bus Travel

Trends in Local Bus Passenger Journeys

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1985

/86

1987

/88

1989

/90

1991

/92

1993

/94

1995

/96

1997

/98

1999

/00

2001

/02

2003

/04

2004

/05

2006

/07

2008

/09

2010

/11Pas

sen

ger

Jo

urn

eys

per

Yea

r [m

illi

on

s]

English Metroplitan Areas Greater London

Rising Real Costs of Bus Fares

Trends in Local Bus Fares at 2010/11 Prices

80.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

120.0

130.0

140.0

150.0

160.0

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011Fare

s In

dex

at 2

010/

11 P

rices

[Mar

ch 2

005

= 10

0]

English Metropolitan Areas All of GB

Trends in Local Bus ServicesBus Kilometers Operated on Local Services in Metropolitan Areas

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1987

/88

1989

/90

1991

/92

1993

/94

1995

/96

1997

/98

1999

/00

2001

/02

2003

/04

2004

/05

2006

/07

2008

/09

2010

/11

Bu

s k

m [

mill

ion

s]

Commercial LA Supported All Local Bus Services

Local Authority Expenditure on Buses

Trends in LA Expenditure on Local Bus Services in English Metropolitan Areas

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1996

/97

1997

/98

1998

/99

1999

/00

2000

/01

2001

/02

2002

/03

2003

/04

2004

/05

2005

/06

2006

/07

2007

/08

2008

/09

2009

/10

2010

/11Expe

nditu

re in

201

0/11

Pric

es [£

mill

ions

]

LA Supported Bus Services Total Concessionary Fares Reimbursements [Incl. Children's Fares]

getting there: transforming and integrating urban travel provision for people with disabilities...

Documents

pfull faresfull faresfree

overfull fares

leedsa total population

university of manchester

south east8

greater london7

east midlands4

south west5