getting to know the periodic table get out a textbook and turn to the inside back cover
DESCRIPTION
Groups Groups = columns in the Period Table The elements in each group share propertiesTRANSCRIPT
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Getting to know the Periodic table
Get out a textbook and turn to the inside back cover.
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PeriodsThe Periodic Table of Elements is so called because of the periodic trends in each row.Period = a row in the Periodic Table
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Groups
Groups = columns in the Period Table
The elements in each group share properties
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Families (Overview; only write first bullet)Families in the Periodic Table share properties. Often they are the same as groups, but not always.The families we’ll get to know are:
Alkali metalsAlkaline earth metalsTransition metalsHalogensNoble gases
Other categories we’ll learn are:MetalsNon-metalsMetalloids (semi-metals)LanthanidesActinides
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Metals, Nonmetals & metalloids(also overview - don’t copy this slide)
There is a stair-step line on the right side of the Periodic Table. It separates the metals from the non-metalsAlong the line on either side are elements that show some properties of metals and some properties of non-metals. These are the metalloids.
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Metals(Resume notes)
Most of the elments are metals. They are found on the left side of the Periodic Table. Properties they share include:
Solid at room temperature (except mercury)Shiny (reflective)Conduct electricity (and heat) wellMaleable (they bend, not break)Ductile (you can make them into a wire)
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Non-metalsNon-metals are found in the upper right of the Periodic Table. Properties they share include:
Poor conductors of electricity (and heat)Not shinyThe solids are brittle (they break, not bend)
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MetalloidsAka, semi-metalsHave some metal and some non-metal propertiesMany are semi-conductors (conduct electricity under certain circumstances), making them useful in electronics.Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium, (and sometimes Astatine)
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Alkali MetalsGroup 1, except HydrogenSoft metalsMost reactive elements in the PT - especially with halogens. More reactive toward bottom.Only one outer (valence) electronVideo demo: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2134266654801392897&q=chemistry+sodium#
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Alkaline earth metalsGroup 2Very reactive (2nd only to the Alkali Metals)Just 2 outer (valence) electrons
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Transition Metals
The center block of elementsExcept for Mercury, most are very hard, with high melting points.Basically they all have complicated ways of packing more electrons into the atoms
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Lanthanides & ActinidesLanthanides: Soft, silvery and very reactive (tarnishing in air and reacting slowly with water. Called “rare earths”, many are not so rareActinides: All are radioactiveBoth these groups have complex ways of packing in more electrons
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HalogensGroup 17 (7A)Non-metalsVery reactive, especially with Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth MetalsMore reactive toward top7 outer (valence) electrons
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Noble Gases
Group 18 (8A)They are inert: don’t chemically react (combine) with other elements unless forced to do soAll are gasesFull/complete outer (valence) shell of electrons
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HomeworkRead Lesson10, pg 43-50.Do questions 4-8