gfi: indonesia forest governance (original)

Indonesian Forest Governance

Forest Governance in Indonesia & REDD+

• Governance basically is about Transparency, Inclusivity, and Accountability.

• The forestry act (No.41/1999) actually had an openness, social justice and inclusive spirit

• In 2008, government enacted the Freedom of Information Act (No.14/2008). This act mandated that every public body (including NGO) should have an information system

• In 2011, the ministry of forestry issue ministerial decree (No. 7/2011) regarding the information system in the ministry of forestry.

• Prior to that the Government of Indonesia (GoI) becoming the first developing country that commit to reduce emission for 41%, and the emission reduction will come from LULUCF.

• After that commitment, many developed country start to giving several aid to Indonesia, for preparing the REDD+ in Indonesia. (eg: Australia, Japan, UNDP, Europe, UK, etc)

• The most phenomenal aid is between Indonesia and Norway (The Letter of Intent-LoI), Why?

The Indonesian government commit for two year suspension on all new concessions for conversion of peat and natural forest.

Creating a new institution for REDD+ (REDD+ agencies)Improving forest governance and law enforcement

Forest Governance in Indonesia & REDD+

• For some of the government, the hot issue is REDD+, but for many of other Indonesian the Issue is “restructuring forestry sector”

• With the commitment to cut emission that Indonesia gave to the international societies, emission reduction from forest sector is becoming the most hot issue in Indonesia.

• But within the spirit to cut the emission from forest sector lies several hurdle that need to be tackle, especially in the context of forest governance.

Deforestation is still “under siege” by expansive palm oil plantation and mining

National Development Growth Targets vs Emission Reduction Commitment

Tenure conflict in many forest area in Indonesia Unfinished planning that lead to deforestation by the unplanned utilization

of forest.

The Hot Issue

• Those issue is the primary requirement for realization of emission cut, and also to implement REDD+. Without improving the governance, REDD+ is impossible

REDD+ should be Reducing Deforestation/Degradation to Reduce Emission, so it couldn’t be just bussines as usual.

• The steps that had been taken by the government are: Establishing the REDD+ Task Force Developing the National Strategy on REDD+ (Draft) Developing a multi stakeholders technical team that will be helping

the task force to perform their job. And….

The Hot Issue

Issuing the Presidential Decree on License Suspension on Natural Primary Forest & Peatland for 2 Years (No.10/2011).

Main Obstacles

• Politic is always a “headline”, absorbing too much energy of civil society movements without any significant results. Policy change in the forestry context change fast without any predictions.

• Big gap capacities between central and local for both government and civil societies regarding the forest governance.

• The spirit of openness is already understood by many government official, but not lies within the system.

• Same understanding for underlying forest problem, but using a different perspective/approach to answering the problem.

Major Opportunities

• Commitments to “fix” the problew both within the NGO and the governement

• Many effort to enforce the law

• New law that promote good governance (FoIA & Env Management Act)

• International support for Indonesia to have a clear strategies in demonstrating a way of good governance

• REDD+ as an opportunities to promoting the needs of good forest governance

Why we Should Asses?

• With those obstacles and opportunities that Indonesia faced, we believe GFI could become a powerful tools to create valid and recent data on forest governance and also providing a constructive recommendation for future development of governance.

• Governance Forest Initiatives is also an action as part of effort to help Indonesian Government achieve their emissions reduction through LULUCF

• Using GFI we could “leveling the playing field” between all the stakeholder on forest issues.

• Strong engagement between partners with commitments and clear objective is strongly needed to demonstrate prepareness for REDD program

• REDD should deliver a benefit for local communities and indigenous people in preserving forest resources

• Through REDD+ Indonesia should guarentee the balancing between mitigation and adaption strategies

• Good forest governance becoming the main enabling condition for REDD+ Implementation

Why we Should Asses? In relation with REDD+

Why Developing an “Indonesian Indicators”?

• A tools to work “hand in hand”, could be practical to the local communities

• A tools to picture and get fact findings in forest governance for both national and local level

• A tools to have a strong avocacy strategies to improve forest governance

• A tools in bridging the interest of national and local government in term of decentralization

The Assesment

Phase I

Testing the global Indicator that already been made. Developing the lesson learned in the report and creating a future strategy.

Phase II

Contextualizing the global Indicator with the national context based on the lesson learned from the phase I.

Phase II

Enggaging with the governement, widening the public communication through website, Finalizing the strategy for using the new “contextualized” indicator on the next phase.

Why Bother..?

• Several “important notes” that we have from the 1st assessment regarding the methodology, context of the indicators, assessor, terms/definition that being uses, and not at the perfect timing to engage optimally with the government.

• We could not continue without having any modification for the indicators and considering all the notes that we have

GFI Assesment should go beyond just an assessment. It should gave a clear a comprehensive solution for

the governance improvement in Indonesia

Looking at the global indicators

Global indicators consist of

fundamental values that

needed to create a good forest governance

Terms, Language, definitions, specific characteristic, case specification, etc. need to be contextualized

Brazilian context

Indonesian context

Cameroon context

Other country partners

context??

Indicators 1.0 (Tenure)

Global Indicator Trial

At the National Level and Sub-national Level (west Kalimantan)

Using “Triangulation”Methodology

Normative

Interview / Perspective

Observation

The Result:• Many of the

indicators are repeating other indicators

• Indicators are not quite amplified separately

• The indicators are still not fully consistent

• Country level context are still not comprehensively captured

• The analysis could not conducted objectively

Trial using the Global Indicator

Indikator Global versi 1.0 (Tenure)

There are no indicator assessing the quality of the law regarding

the conflict resolution

Global Indicator Trial

At the National Level and Sub-national Level (west Kalimantan)

Using “Triangulation”Methodology

Normative

Interview / Perspective

Observation

The Result:• Many of the

indicators are repeating other indicators

• Indicators are not quite amplified separately

• The indicators are still not fully consistent

• Country level context are still not comprehensively captured

• The analysis could not conducted objectively

Trial using the Global Indicator

Asking input from various expert to developed a more comprehensive and contextual indicators that could

lead to a constructive solutions

• The objective is to enrich the global indicator, giving the national context, and to get as many input as possible from several expert and government authorities.

• After quite long process with all of the team and reviewer, we could finalized the indicator for Indonesia context, we call it “Indicator V.1.5 or 2.0”

• First we determine the logical framework to understood the indicator easily.

Indonesian indicators

Indonesian Indicator (Tenure)General Law:#1 Legal acknowledgments that mandated government to conduct reform in forest utilization, cultivation, control, and ownership by the local communities #2 legal acknowledgements for in forest utilization, cultivation, control, and ownership by the local communities

Rules Actor Practice

Transparency

#5 Law regarding management and conversion of forest require policy makers to consider local communities rights on forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership-CORE-

#15 Companies in the forestry industry considering local communities rights on forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership when proposing for a conversion

#25 effective, transparent, and accessible administration process regarding forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership -CORE-

Participation

#9 Law guarantee public involvement in the process of developing, implementation, evaluation and conflict resolution in the context of forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership-CORE-

#17 Forestry authority (national and sub-national) had the capacity for inclusively managing the aspect of forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership

-CORE-

#28 Communities involvement on monitoring and evaluation of forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership

Accountability

#10 Law guarantee the existence of alternative dispute resolution that based on formal law and customary law in the context of resolving the conflict in the context of forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership-CORE-

#21 Alternative dispute resolution that based on customary law that could be used by local communities

#30 Resolution conflict mechanism regarding forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership working effectively, cheap, and accessible.

Coordination

#12 Legal guarantee of integration between forest management policy and forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership policy

#24 Coordination effort regarding forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership, conducted systematically and by planning.

#33 Effective Implementation of policy regarding the forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership by the local communities. -CORE-

After that we using the “Principle, Criteria, Indicators

and Element of Quality” to make all the indicators workable

Indonesian indicators

The Principle, Criteria, Indicators and Element of Quality

Rules

Principle Criteria Indicators Element of qualityOpenness in the administering the rights of local communities in the context of forest utilization, cultivation, control, ownership by the local communities.

Transparancy in the utilisation and conversion of the forest


To what extent the regulation regulate clear and explicitly regarding the forest resources utilization will be used for the public needs? (not only private needs)

To what extent law clearly defines what could or couldn’t do to the state forest?To what extent law regulate that the process for forest conversion including policy making in the forestry sector should be transparent?To what extent law regulate a transparent process regarding the allocation for forest resources (for private, communities, state company), including in the process of developing an adequate check and balance system?To what extent law regulate a requirement for the policy makers to disseminate information to the public regarding conversion and forest usage ?To what extent law regulate that every issuance of a forest license should comply to a safeguard mechanism, and the participation process for license issuance are based on a valid information?

What is “principle”:A fundamental value that becoming the reference to asses the conditions of forest “Good” governance. The principle is the “minimum” requirement that could be acknowledge as a conditions for good forest governance.


Rules






What is “criteria”:Further explanation (pointers) to the principle, looking more detail on “things” that need to be achieve for reaching the principle


Rules






What is “indicators”:A conditions that can “examine” the factors in the forestry sector and had their own “value”. When the value is being fullfiled, the condition could be classified that they already done a “minimum good governance”


Rules






What is “Element of Quality”:A sets of benchmarks to measures the indicators that will asses the quality of the indicators, so the quality of an indicator could be clearly, detailed and objectively identified

Simpler way to look at it

Good and Healthy foodPrinciple Criteria Indicators Element of quality

Having good and healthy food.

The food should have an organic ingredient, low fat /cholesterol, and taste good

#1 The amount of organic (non GMO) material that the food contain

-CORE-

To what extent the food ingredient are taken from a certified organic farming?To what extent that the monitoring of the food processing is being made?To what extent the food is being tested in an adequate laboratories for food testing?

What is the similarities?

Indonesian Indicators Global indicators

The approach is triangulation

The approach is triangulation

Using the element of quality as a scoring tools

Using the element of quality as a scoring tools

Aiming for a detail picture

Aiming for a detail picture

What is the difference?

Indonesian Indicators Global indicatorsIndonesian Indicators Global indicators Using principle ,criteria,

indicators and element of quality

Using the approach of indicators, component, diagnostic question and element of quality

Consist of 4 thematic (Tenure, Land use, Management, Revenue)

Consist of 4 thematic but slightly different approach (Tenure, land use “coordination”, Forest institution , forest management enforcement)

Separating between “rules, actors and practice”

Combining “rules, actors and practice”

Spreading the “word”

• Many effort and initiative regarding the forest governance already being conducted (world bank, CIFOR, Transparency International, UN-REDD, FAO, etc). The word “Forest Governance” quite so familiar, but only few know how to make it happen.

• With that reason we want to amplified the concrete action regarding the forest governance with the framework of GFI.

• We develop a website for GFI (for Indonesia region, could be expanding to become global), and creating media awareness about the importance of what GFI networks are doing.

• We also engage with the national forestry council (as a well acknowledge multi stakeholder forum)

• Launching the “lesson learned” that we had from the 1st phase.

GFI Websites & News Slots

Next Steps

We already develop a more stronger indicators, but we need to strategize it well:

1. Training several assessor (2 person for each region in Indonesia) using the new developed indicator.

2. Conducting assessment in 5 region in Indonesia

3. Making a report on the assessment

4. Together with the Forestry Council, launch the Indonesian GFI

5. Interactive communication through website maintenance, and update any information related to forest governance

Conclusion & Lesson Learned

• Indicators are a living document, need always to be check and recheck to make sure the recent context of forest conditions are fit with the indicators. Need to be improved periodically

• Scoring mechanism need to be agreed within the researcher

• Researcher need to think not only “methodologically” but also “philosophically” to get the basic value of forest governance.

THANK YOU

contact us at:[email protected]

[email protected][email protected]

www.tatakelolahutan.net

gfi: indonesia forest governance (original)

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