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Student Evaluation of

Program Report

158 | 2008/2009 Student Evaluation of Program Report

table of Contents

Apprenticeship Program Regular Programs continuedCook Culinary ArtsRegular Programs Deaf Studies3D Computer Graphics Digital MultiMedia TechnologyAviation Management Graphic DesignBusiness Administration - Accounting Graphic Design - AdvancedBusiness Administration - Administration Hotel & Restaurant ManagementBusiness Administration - Marketing International BusinessCommerce/Industry Sales & Marketing Library and Information TechnologyComputer Accounting Tech (Laptop) Professional BakingComputer Analyst/Programmer Tourism ManagementCreative Communications

Regular ProgramsApplied Counselling Para EducatorHealth Unit Clerk Photography - EnhancedLegal Administrative Assistant Recreation Facilitator for Older Adults

Apprenticeship Programs Regular ProgramsBricklayer Architectural/Engineering TechnologyCommon Core Electrical Building Design CAD TechnologyConstruction Electrician Carpentry & WoodworkingInsulator (Heat and Frost) Carpentry & Woodworking (5 month)Landscape Technician ElectricalLather (Interior Systems Mechanic) Electrical Engineering TechnologyPlumber Electronic and Network TechnicianPlumbing Cross Connection Control Electronic Engineering TechnologyPower Electrician Environmental Protection TechnologyRefrigeration & A/C Mechanic Geographic Information Systems TechRoofer Geomatics TechnologySheet Metal Worker Instrumentation Engineering TechnologySprinkler System Installer Municipal Engineering TechnologySteamfitter Network Technology (CCNA) Cert

Piping TradesRefrigeration and Air ConditioningStructural Engineering Technology

Introduction 160Report Highlights 161Survey Process 162Gender of Respondents 163Age of Respondents 163Designation of Respondents 163School of Business & Applied Arts 164

School of Construction & Engineering Technologies 168

School of Continuing & Distance Education 173

2008/2009 Student Evaluation of Program Report | 159

table of Contents Continued

Regular ProgramsACCESS Business Admin Integrated

Regular ProgramsAnimal Health Technology Health Care Aide Chemical and Biosciences Tech (Co-op) Joint Baccalaureate NursingDental Assisting - Level II Medical Laboratory SciencesDiploma Nursing (Accelerated) Medical Radiologic TechnologyEarly Childhood Education - Workplace Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Regular ProgramsAcademic Eng for Univ/College Entrance English for Nursing PurposesEnglish for Apprenticeship and Trades English for Professional PurposesEnglish for Business Purposes English for Technical PurposesEnglish for Health Care Aides Intensive English as a Second Language

School of Health Sciences & Community Services 175

Language Training Centre 183

Programs with less than 5 respondentsAppendix A 185

Quality Category QuestionsAppendix C 185

Quality CategoriesAppendix B 185

Technical Overview of Analytic TechniquesAppendix D 187

Exploratory Factor Analysis ResultsAppendix D1 190

School of Indigenous Education 178

Apprenticeship Programs Regular ProgramsAircraft Maintenance Journeyperson Aerospace ManufacturingBoilermaker Aircraft Maintenance EngineerIronworker Automotive Technician - CertificateMachinist Co-op Vocational EducationMotor Vehicle Mechanic Heavy Duty Equipment MechanicMotor Vehicle Mechanic ASEP Mechanical Engineering TechnologyMotor Vehicle Mechanic ASSET Non-Destructive TestingTransport Trailer Technician Outdoor Power Equipment TechnicianTruck and Transport Mechanic Power Engineering Technology

Welding

School of Transportation, Aviation & Manufacturing 179

Every year Red River College surveys students, in all full-time programs, towards the end of their program of study. The annual Student Evaluation of Program Survey (SEPS) is part of Red River College’s commitment to understand the attitudes and experiences of college students. The survey questionnaire includes demographic questions and forty-four questions concerning students’ experiences with College programs, facilities, and services. The data are used across the College to improve programs, facilities, and services to students. Selected questions from the survey are part of internal Program Validations and are used as key College performance indicators.

This report presents the results of the 2008-09 SEPS in a mode that allows for a broad overview of findings and that facilitates wide distribution. The report opens with an outline of the College aggregate results, including a summary of student ratings of key aspects of the College and the characteristics of respondents by major program type, that is, Apprenticeship, Regular Program, and Continuing Studies. Primarily, the report summarizes student attitudes by School and by Program. In order to summarize the findings, the data was first reduced through factor analysis. This statistical technique allows the information contained in a large number of questions to be summarized in a smaller set of factors. The main applications of factor analytic techniques are: (1) to reduce the number of variables and (2) to detect structure in the relationships between variables, that is to classify variables into categories.

The forty-four questions on the SEPS can be summarized in eight dimensions:

Program Quality•Quality of Orientation•Quality of familiarization to College Policies•Quality of welcoming, inclusive College Environment•Quality of Instruction•Quality of Program Resources•Quality of College Facilities•Quality of College Services•

Students’ assessments of the College are presented along these dimensions in a four-point scale from one to four, with one indicating strong dissatisfaction and four, strong satisfaction throughout the report.

The College encourages comments about this Report. Questions concerning the methodology of this study should be directed to Ashley Blackman, Director of Research and Planning at 204.632.2091 or [email protected].

Ashley BlackmanDirector, Research and Planning


intRoduCtion

Red River College’s Student Evaluation of Program survey of 2008/2009 students shows that students express overall high levels of satisfaction with their education. The main prior activity of students was being employed (63%) followed by being a student [either high school, college or university] (26%) and looking for work (4%).

Of all the students who expressed an opinion, 88 percent were satisfied with their education, 90 percent would recommend their program to others, and 88 percent were satisfied with instruction.

Students gave overall ratings higher than 3.0 to College Environment (3.31), Instruction (3.30), Program Quality (3.23), Orientation (3.17), College Facilities (3.13), Program Resources (3.11), and College Services (3.07). Policy Awareness at (2.66) was above the mid-point.

Overall Primary Prior Activity (Before entering program)

Summary of Student Ratings of the College

Student assessments are presented in a four point scale from 1 to 4, with 1 indicating strong dissatisfaction and 4 indicating strong satisfactionTotal

3.07

3.13

3.11

3.30

3.31

2.66

3.17

3.23

3.13

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

26%

3%

63%

4%

2% 3% Student599 (26%)

Homemaker60 (3%)

Employed1476 (63%)

Unemployed (Looking for work)91 (4%)

Unemployed (Not looking for work)49 (2%)

Undeclared64 (3%)

88% 90% 88%

COLLEGE

88% 90% 88%

Satisfied with Program

Recommend Program to Others

Satisfied with Instruction

(of those expressing an opinion)


RepoRt HigHligHts

Red River College surveys its students about their program on an annual basis. Students are asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with the education received.The analyzed data from the completed and returned surveys are presented in this report for each program. Data are also presented for each Academic School.

Scope of the SurveyStudents from certificate, diploma and advanced diploma programs, as well as from apprenticeship, no award and programs delivered in

partnership with external agencies are surveyed during the last term of the program. Students of contract programs are generally not surveyed. A total of 2,339 students participated in the survey.

MethodologyThe survey is conducted annually during the last term of each program. To ensure anonymity, class time is allocated without the instructor being present. A student volunteer collects survey materials from each student and seals them in a return envelope.

Response Rates All program students who were in class were surveyed, and a proportion of this population responded. The results in this report are based on those respondents. The survey methodology and fielding process does not allow for the calculation of response rates, although, anecdotally, most students in class respond. The number of students responding to the survey is identified in this report for each program.

Surveys Received

Primary Prior Activity by Program Type

Survey Process

Apprenticeship605 (26%)

Continuing Studies112 (5%)

Regular1622 (69%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Apprenticeship Continuing Studies Regular

Undeclared

Unemployed Not looking for work

Unemployed Looking for work

Employed

Homemaker

Student

Prior activity of students varied by program type. Most Apprenticeship students were working before attending Red River College. By far, more Regular and Continuing Studies program students were previously in school than those students in Apprenticeship programs.

Achievement # Programs Surveyed

Surveys Received

Advanced Diploma 6 48Apprenticeship 24 605Certificate 35 889Diploma 36 713External 1 41No Award 4 43Total 106 2339


Gender of Respondents

There was a significant difference in gender by program type. Apprenticeship students were by far male, Continuing Studies students were primarily female and Regular students were more evenly distributed.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Male Female Undeclared

Age of Respondents

There was a variation in the age structure by program type. Sixty-four percent of Apprenticeship students and 58 percent of Regular students were 20 to 29 years of age.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Undeclared

over 35

30 to 34

25 to 29

20 to 24

15 to 19

Designation of Respondents

The proportion of Aboriginal people, visible minorities, and people with disabilities varied by program type, with Apprenticeship programs having a smaller proportion than Continuing Studies or Regular programs.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%


Undeclared Not Applicable Disabled Visible Minority Aboriginal


Programs in this reportApprenticeship Program:Cook

Regular Programs:3D Computer GraphicsAviation ManagementBusiness Administration - Accounting

Business Administration- AdministrationBusiness Administration - MarketingCommerce/Industry Sales & MarketingComputer Accounting Tech (Laptop)Computer Analyst/ProgrammerCreative CommunicationsCulinary ArtsDeaf Studies

Digital MultiMedia TechnologyGraphic DesignGraphic Design - AdvancedHotel & Restaurant ManagementInternational BusinessLibrary and Information TechnologyProfessional BakingTourism Management

Primary Prior Activity (Before entering program)

Summary of Student School Ratings

Business & Applied Arts

3.02

3.04

3.13

3.13

3.33

2.49

3.04

3.14

3.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Programs with less than 5 respondents are not illustrated in this report, but are included in the School statistics.

39%

2%

53%

2% 2% 1%Student183 (39%)

Homemaker10 (2%)

Employed249 (53%)



Undeclared5 (1%)


sCHool of business & applied aRts

Aviation ManagementTwo‐Year Diploma Program

Respondents: 9Two‐Year Diploma Program

Respondents: 42

Business Administration ‐ Accounting

(Apprenticeship) CookApprenticeship Program

Respondents: 20

3D Computer GraphicsOne‐Year Advanced Diploma Program

Respondents: 11

3.333.63

3.37

3.80

3.44

2.74

3.10

3.543.41

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.223.32

3.033.453.35

2.203.453.47

3.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.87

2.723.243.40

2.292.81

2.542.86

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.053.24

3.043.28

2.433.013.22

3.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Respondents: 21 Respondents: 36


Commerce/Industry Sales & Marketing Computer Accounting Technician (Laptop)One‐Year Certificate Program One‐Year Certificate Program

Business Administration ‐ Administration Business Administration ‐ MarketingTwo‐Year Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

3.333.63

3.37

3.80

3.44

2.74

3.10

3.543.41

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.223.32

3.033.453.35

2.203.453.47

3.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.87

2.723.243.40

2.292.81

2.542.86

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.053.24

3.043.28

2.433.013.22

3.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.982.903.12

2.983.61

2.422.923.113.03

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.672.69

2.942.993.22

2.152.983.10

2.87

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.093.093.253.20

3.442.70

3.313.303.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.183.193.323.313.35

2.783.22

3.103.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score




Culinary Arts Deaf StudiesTwo‐Year Diploma Program One‐Year Certificate Program

Computer Analyst/Programmer Creative CommunicationsTwo‐Year Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

3.173.03

2.99

3.31

3.22

2.53

3.13

3.443.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.033.043.223.113.29

2.483.173.36

3.12

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.862.81

3.053.183.16

2.472.91

3.232.98

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.253.183.193.41

2.332.26

2.913.04

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score



Graphic Design ‐ Advanced Hotel & Restaurant ManagementOne‐Year Advanced Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

Digital MultiMedia Technology Graphic DesignTwo‐Year Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

3.173.03

2.99

3.31

3.22

2.53

3.13

3.443.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.033.043.223.113.29

2.483.173.36

3.12

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.862.81

3.053.183.16

2.472.91

3.232.98

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.253.183.193.41

2.332.26

2.913.04

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.173.313.503.543.47

2.543.203.41

3.29

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.842.872.98

2.563.09

2.312.932.822.83

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.93

3.222.78

3.442.24

3.103.063.00

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.913.093.15

3.473.59

2.483.263.173.16

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.173.03

2.99

3.31

3.22

2.53

3.13

3.443.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.033.043.223.113.29

2.483.173.36

3.12

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.862.81

3.053.183.16

2.472.91

3.232.98

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.253.183.193.41

2.332.26

2.913.04

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.173.313.503.543.47

2.543.203.41

3.29

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.842.872.98

2.563.09

2.312.932.822.83

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.93

3.222.78

3.442.24

3.103.063.00

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.913.093.15

3.473.59

2.483.263.173.16

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score




Professional Baking Tourism ManagementOne‐Year Certificate Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

International Business Library and Information TechnologyOne‐Year Advanced Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program

3.283.393.313.423.47

2.963.083.083.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.073.00

2.692.82

3.302.74

3.002.822.93

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.772.882.802.992.98

2.272.672.602.74

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.962.642.752.903.11

2.662.652.552.79

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.283.393.313.423.47

2.963.083.083.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.073.00

2.692.82

3.302.74

3.002.822.93

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.772.882.802.992.98

2.272.672.602.74

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.962.642.752.903.11

2.662.652.552.79

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Programs in this reportApprenticeship Programs:Bricklayer Common Core ElectricalConstruction Electrician Insulator (Heat and Frost) Landscape Technician Lather (Interior Systems Mechanic) Plumber Plumbing Cross Connection ControlPower Electrician Refrigeration & A/C Mechanic Roofer

Sheet Metal Worker Sprinkler System Installer Steamfitter

Regular Programs:Architectural/Engineering TechBuilding Design CAD TechnologyCarpentry & WoodworkingCarpentry & Woodworking (5 month)ElectricalElectrical Engineering TechnologyElectronic and Network Technician

Electronic Engineering TechnologyEnvironmental Protection TechnologyGeographic Information Systems TechGeomatics TechnologyInstrumentation Engineering

TechnologyMunicipal Engineering TechnologyNetwork Technology (CCNA) CertPiping TradesRefrigeration and Air ConditioningStructural Engineering Technology


Construction and Engineering Technology

2.99

3.08

2.99

3.20

3.16

2.47

3.07

3.11

3.01

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score



16%1%

74%

3%2%

4%Student93 (16%)

Homemaker3 (1%)

Employed418 (74%)



Undeclared23 (4%)


sCHool of ConstRuCtion & engineeRing teCHnologies

(Apprenticeship) Construction Electrician (Apprenticeship) Insulator (Heat and Frost)Apprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


(Apprenticeship) Bricklayer (Apprenticeship) Common Core ElectricalApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


2.892.89

3.10

3.55

3.13

2.73

3.25

3.533.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.183.273.253.38

3.202.49

3.343.42

3.21

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.44

3.283.503.42

2.543.25

3.553.29

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.292.993.08

3.533.49

2.653.00

3.533.23

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

(Apprenticeship) Plumber (Apprenticeship) Power ElectricianApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


(Apprenticeship) Landscape Technician (Apprenticeship) Lather (Interior Systems Mechanic)Apprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


2.892.89

3.10

3.55

3.13

2.73

3.25

3.533.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.183.273.253.38

3.202.49

3.343.42

3.21

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.44

3.283.503.42

2.543.25

3.553.29

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.292.993.08

3.533.49

2.653.00

3.533.23

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.083.27

2.523.16

3.482.41

3.123.093.01

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.802.55

2.193.27

3.082.00

3.323.14

2.76

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.023.08

2.963.38

3.142.68

3.193.28

3.07

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.223.13

2.893.20

2.413.053.033.01

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


(Apprenticeship) Sheet Metal Worker (Apprenticeship) Sprinkler System InstallerApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


(Apprenticeship) Refrigeration & A/C Mechanic (Apprenticeship) RooferApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


2.933.08

2.82

3.30

3.03

2.74

3.11

3.102.99

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.303.19

2.863.403.58

2.933.503.44

3.24

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.813.133.02

3.573.16

2.553.273.40

3.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.812.833.063.05

2.782.74

3.002.932.91

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Building Design CAD Technology Carpentry & WoodworkingTwenty‐Month Diploma Program One‐Year Certificate Program


(Apprenticeship) Steamfitter Architectural/Engineering TechnologyApprenticeship Program 32‐Month Diploma Program


2.933.08

2.82

3.30

3.03

2.74

3.11

3.102.99

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.303.19

2.863.403.58

2.933.503.44

3.24

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.813.133.02

3.573.16

2.553.273.40

3.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.812.833.063.05

2.782.74

3.002.932.91

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.62

2.853.002.94

2.233.12

2.922.74

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.142.822.70

2.293.18

2.182.67

2.322.67

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.203.11

3.353.253.20

2.473.143.203.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.793.04

2.862.983.03

2.462.86

3.152.92

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.933.08

2.82

3.30

3.03

2.74

3.11

3.102.99

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.303.19

2.863.403.58

2.933.503.44

3.24

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.813.133.02

3.573.16

2.553.273.40

3.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.812.833.063.05

2.782.74

3.002.932.91

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.882.62

2.853.002.94

2.233.12

2.922.74

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.142.822.70

2.293.18

2.182.67

2.322.67

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.203.11

3.353.253.20

2.473.143.203.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.793.04

2.862.983.03

2.462.86

3.152.92

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Electrical Engineering Technology Electronic and Network TechnicianTwo‐Year Diploma Program One‐Year Certificate Program


Carpentry & Woodworking (5 month) ElectricalFive‐Month Certificate Program One‐Year Certificate Program


2.953.03

2.892.97

3.252.44

2.903.10

2.97

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.883.30

3.143.35

3.222.54

3.193.063.09

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.942.90

2.682.93

3.372.362.56

2.962.89

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.763.022.91

3.253.22

2.382.962.942.96

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Geographic Information Systems Technology Geomatics TechnologyOne‐Year Advanced Diploma Program 32‐Month Diploma Program


Electronic Engineering Technology Environmental Protection TechnologyTwo‐Year Diploma Program 32‐Month Diploma Program


2.953.03

2.892.97

3.252.44

2.903.10

2.97

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.883.30

3.143.35

3.222.54

3.193.063.09

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.942.90

2.682.93

3.372.362.56

2.962.89

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.763.022.91

3.253.22

2.382.962.942.96

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.16

3.12

3.23

2.95

2.51

2.92

3.163.04

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.892.752.92

3.203.29

2.262.822.742.87

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.963.12

3.422.78

3.132.81

3.113.143.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.472.68

2.973.34

2.761.81

2.462.632.59

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.03

2.892.97

3.252.44

2.903.10

2.97

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.883.30

3.143.35

3.222.54

3.193.063.09

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.942.90

2.682.93

3.372.362.56

2.962.89

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.763.022.91

3.253.22

2.382.962.942.96

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.16

3.12

3.23

2.95

2.51

2.92

3.163.04

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.892.752.92

3.203.29

2.262.822.742.87

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.963.12

3.422.78

3.132.81

3.113.143.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.472.68

2.973.34

2.761.81

2.462.632.59

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Network Technology (CCNA) Certificate Piping TradesOne‐Year Certificate Program One‐Year Certificate Program


Instrumentation Engineering Technology Municipal Engineering TechnologyTwo‐Year Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


2.872.94

2.552.36

2.842.20

2.502.38

2.65

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.832.672.702.862.98

2.102.832.782.72

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.43

3.233.553.62

2.912.70

3.333.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.213.06

2.772.51

3.062.662.86

2.612.85

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Structural Engineering TechnologyOne‐Year Certificate Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


2.872.94

2.552.36

2.842.20

2.502.38

2.65

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.832.672.702.862.98

2.102.832.782.72

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.43

3.233.553.62

2.912.70

3.333.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.213.06

2.772.51

3.062.662.86

2.612.85

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.723.35

3.083.173.23

2.273.21

2.842.98

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.193.043.17

2.803.12

2.412.752.782.94

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Programs in this reportRegular Programs:Applied Counselling Health Unit ClerkLegal Administrative Assistant

Para EducatorPhotography-EnhancedRecreation Facilitator for Older Adults


Continuing and Distance Education

3.26

3.27

3.11

3.24

3.40

2.71

3.21

3.04

3.17

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


30%

4%

50%

8%

5%

3%Student34 (30%)

Homemaker4 (4%)

Employed56 (50%)



Undeclared3 (3%)


sCHool of Continuing & distanCe eduCation

Legal Administrative Assistant Para EducatorContinuing Studies Certificate Program Continuing Studies Certificate Program


Applied Counselling Health Unit ClerkContinuing Studies Certificate Program Continuing Studies Certificate Program


3.433.35

3.32

3.29

3.57

2.90

3.27

3.123.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.103.35

2.923.13

3.402.70

3.252.853.08

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.963.193.24

3.553.30

2.593.27

3.113.15

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.413.38

3.133.343.43

2.813.38

3.203.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Photography ‐ Enhanced Recreation Facilitator for Older AdultsContinuing Studies Certificate Program Continuing Studies Certificate Program


3.433.35

3.32

3.29

3.57

2.90

3.27

3.123.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.103.35

2.923.13

3.402.70

3.252.853.08

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.963.193.24

3.553.30

2.593.27

3.113.15

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.413.38

3.133.343.43

2.813.38

3.203.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.153.12

2.832.69

3.142.38

2.892.52

2.86

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.203.093.05

3.363.37

2.513.00

3.263.15

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Programs in this reportRegular Programs:Chemical and Biosciences Technology (Co-op)Dental Assisting - Level IIDiploma Nursing (Accelerated)Early Childhood Education - WorkplaceHealth Care Aide - Louis Riel Centre

Joint Baccalaureate NursingMedical Laboratory SciencesMedical Radiologic TechnologyPharmaceutical Manufacturing


Health Sciences and Community Services

3.17

3.23

3.20

3.41

3.43

2.75

3.26

3.36

3.24

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score



29%

3%

65%

1% 2%Student106 (29%)

Homemaker9 (3%)

Employed239 (65%)


Undeclared7 (2%)


sCHool of HealtH sCienCes & Community seRviCes

Dental Assisting ‐ Level II Diploma Nursing (Accelerated)One‐Year Certificate Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


Animal Health Technology Chemical and Biosciences Technology (Co‐op)Two‐Year Diploma Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


3.323.54

3.67

3.47

3.47

2.50

3.23

3.603.38

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.083.143.11

3.523.25

2.953.253.193.17

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.223.44

3.43

3.77

3.66

2.84

3.36

3.553.43

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.942.822.842.983.18

2.493.023.11

2.93

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Joint Baccalaureate Nursing Medical Laboratory SciencesFour‐Year Joint Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


Early Childhood Education ‐ Workplace Health Care Aide Two‐Year Diploma Program Five‐Month Certificate Program


3.323.54

3.67

3.47

3.47

2.50

3.23

3.603.38

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.083.143.11

3.523.25

2.953.253.193.17

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.223.44

3.43

3.77

3.66

2.84

3.36

3.553.43

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.942.822.842.983.18

2.493.023.11

2.93

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.233.44

3.28

3.67

3.77

2.86

3.51

3.503.42

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.673.69

3.57

3.75

3.68

2.94

3.33

3.603.56

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.172.943.01

3.273.39

2.683.263.33

3.13

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.933.022.933.023.21

2.433.043.11

2.98

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Medical Radiologic Technology Pharmaceutical ManufacturingTwo‐Year Diploma Program One‐Year Certificate Program


3.193.24

3.20

3.35

3.33

3.25

3.30

3.263.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.373.33

3.70

3.80

2.90

2.42

3.80

3.273.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Programs in this report

Student Program Ratings

Regular Programs:ACCESS Business Administration Integrated


33%

50%

17%

Student2 (33%)

Employed3 (50%)


ACCESS Business Admin IntegratedACCESS Diploma Program

Respondents: 6

3.093.00

3.19

3.79

3.36

3.07

3.50

3.463.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


sCHool of indigenous eduCation

Programs in this reportApprenticeship Programs:Aircraft Maintenance Journeyperson Boilermaker Ironworker Machinist Motor Vehicle Mechanic Motor Vehicle Mechanic ASEP Motor Vehicle Mechanic ASSET

Tool & Die MakerTransport Trailer Technician Truck and Transport Mechanic

Regular Programs:Aerospace ManufacturingAircraft Maintenance EngineerAutomotive Technician - Certificate

Co-op Vocational EducationHeavy Duty Equipment MechanicMechanical Engineering TechnologyNon-Destructive TestingOutdoor Power Equipment TechnicianPower Engineering TechnologyWelding


Transportation, Aviation & Manufacturing

3.04

3.16

3.05

3.38

3.25

2.65

3.22

3.33

3.14

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score



17%

1%

76%

3% 1% 2%Student77 (17%)

Homemaker4 (1%)

Employed357 (76%)



Undeclared9 (2%)


sCHool of tRanspoRtation, aviation & manufaCtuRing

(Apprenticeship) Ironworker (Apprenticeship) MachinistApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


(Apprenticeship) Aircraft Maintenance Journeyperson (Apprenticeship) BoilermakerApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


3.143.34

3.19

3.57

3.37

2.84

3.28

3.513.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.073.113.083.21

2.373.153.24

3.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.922.44

2.023.34

3.232.91

3.313.35

2.96

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.083.38

3.093.043.27

2.923.293.36

3.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

(Apprenticeship) Motor Vehicle Mechanic ASSET (Apprenticeship) Transport Trailer TechnicianApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


(Apprenticeship) Motor Vehicle Mechanic (Apprenticeship) Motor Vehicle Mechanic ASEPApprenticeship Program Apprenticeship Program


3.143.34

3.19

3.57

3.37

2.84

3.28

3.513.30

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.073.113.083.21

2.373.153.24

3.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.922.44

2.023.34

3.232.91

3.313.35

2.96

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.083.38

3.093.043.27

2.923.293.36

3.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.873.143.10

3.453.16

2.683.273.44

3.16

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.123.35

3.143.223.17

2.703.283.32

3.18

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.133.27

3.093.363.30

2.723.333.32

3.17

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.492.59

2.303.30

3.072.43

3.123.23

2.81

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Aircraft Maintenance Engineer Automotive Technician ‐ CertificateFifteen‐Month Diploma Program One‐Year Certificate Program


(Apprenticeship) Truck and Transport Mechanic Aerospace ManufacturingApprenticeship Program Five‐Month Certificate Program


2.812.80

2.81

3.72

3.17

2.60

3.31

3.443.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.35

3.69

3.56

3.28

2.88

3.33

3.293.33

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.823.213.21

3.443.25

2.803.383.43

3.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.293.21

3.473.37

2.833.083.263.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

Outdoor Power Equipment Technician Power Engineering TechnologyOne‐Year Certificate Program Two‐Year Diploma Program


Heavy Duty Equipment Mechanic Mechanical Engineering TechnologyOne‐Year Certificate Program 28‐Month Diploma Program


2.812.80

2.81

3.72

3.17

2.60

3.31

3.443.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.35

3.69

3.56

3.28

2.88

3.33

3.293.33

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.823.213.21

3.443.25

2.803.383.43

3.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.293.21

3.473.37

2.833.083.263.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.203.35

2.902.97

3.202.65

3.053.203.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.202.95

3.243.093.20

2.563.243.26

3.09

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.063.36

2.793.143.08

2.733.113.003.02

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.103.01

2.573.63

3.282.70

3.333.32

3.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.812.80

2.81

3.72

3.17

2.60

3.31

3.443.06

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.143.35

3.69

3.56

3.28

2.88

3.33

3.293.33

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.823.213.21

3.443.25

2.803.383.43

3.19

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.293.21

3.473.37

2.833.083.263.20

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.203.35

2.902.97

3.202.65

3.053.203.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.202.95

3.243.093.20

2.563.243.26

3.09

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.063.36

2.793.143.08

2.733.113.003.02

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.103.01

2.573.63

3.282.70

3.333.32

3.10

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


WeldingSeven‐Month Certificate Program

Respondents: 31

3.273.373.353.433.36

2.533.073.223.21

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


Programs in this reportRegular Programs:Academic English for Univ/College EntranceEnglish for Apprenticeship and TradesEnglish for Business PurposesEnglish for Health Care Aides

English for Nursing PurposesEnglish for Professional PurposesEnglish for Technical PurposesIntensive English as a Second Language


Language Training Centre

3.10

3.15

3.24

3.50

3.46

3.11

3.35

3.30

3.29

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


29%

8%

43%

11%

4%5%

Student104 (29%)

Homemaker30 (8%)

Employed154 (43%)



Undeclared17 (5%)


language tRaining CentRe

English for Business Purposes English for Health Care AidesLanguage Training Centre Certificate Program Language Training Centre Certificate Program


Academic English for Univ/College Entrance English for Apprenticeship and TradesLanguage Training Centre Certificate Program Language Training Centre Certificate Program


3.143.10

3.25

3.30

3.52

3.01

3.39

3.273.25

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.333.29

3.37

3.70

3.28

3.47

3.43

3.413.39

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.712.99

2.93

3.80

3.58

2.98

3.41

3.653.25

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.913.32

3.54

3.77

3.51

3.43

3.63

3.653.46

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

English for Technical Purposes Intensive English as an Additional LanguageLanguage Training Centre Certificate Program Language Training Centre Certificate Program


English for Nursing Purposes English for Professional PurposesLanguage Training Centre Certificate Program Language Training Centre Certificate Program


3.143.10

3.25

3.30

3.52

3.01

3.39

3.273.25

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.333.29

3.37

3.70

3.28

3.47

3.43

3.413.39

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.712.99

2.93

3.80

3.58

2.98

3.41

3.653.25

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.913.32

3.54

3.77

3.51

3.43

3.63

3.653.46

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

2.953.32

3.31

3.23

3.66

3.33

3.55

3.383.35

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.053.17

3.27

3.34

3.61

3.37

3.40

3.233.32

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.283.14

3.22

3.73

3.48

2.97

3.31

3.473.31

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score

3.103.143.20

3.533.42

3.043.283.243.26

College Services

College Facilities

Program Resources

Instruction

College Environment

Policy Awareness

Orientation

Program Quality

Overall Score


appendix a - Programs with less than 5 respondents

Business & Applied Arts Computer Analyst/Programmer Integrated• American Sign Language - English• Business Administration - Office Management• Business Administration (Type/Major Undeclared)•Construction and Engineering Technology•

Construction and Engineering Technology Network Technology (CCNP) Certificate• Wood Products Mfg Technology-Diploma•

Health Sciences and Community Services QA/QC in Pharmaceutical Industry• Chemical and Biosciences (Non-Co-op)• MRI and Spectroscopy•

Transportation, Aviation & Manufacturing Tool & Die Maker •

Quality Category (Dimension) Chart Category Survey Question Number

Overall Program Quality Program Quality 12 to 17

Quality of Orientation Orientation 18 to 19

Quality of familiarization with College policies Policy Awareness 20 to 24

Quality of the welcoming, inclusive college environment College Environment 25 to 31

Quality of Instruction Instruction 32 to 35

Quality of program resources Program Resources 36 to 41

Quality of College facilities College Facilities 42 to 47

Quality of College services College Services 48 to 55


appendix a - Programs with less than 5 respondents

appendix b - Quality Categories

appendix C - Quality Category QuestionsNote: Question 1 - 11 ask for demographic information. Question numbers refer to the numbering used in the survey questionnaire, not the numbering used in the survey results reports (which exclude question 1 from the questionnaire.)

Overall Program Quality (Program Quality)12. Before I applied, I had a good understanding of the program’s purpose.13. The training I have received in this program has met my expectations.14. The program content is relevant to my career goals.15. The tuition fee for this program is reasonable for the education provided.16. Overall, I am satisfied with this program.17. I would recommend this program to others.

Quality of Orientation (Orientation)18. The orientation to the program provided by the Department was effective in explaining the

requirements of the program.19. Upon admission to the program, I was made aware of my role and responsibilities as a student.


appendix C - Quality Category Questions continuedQuality of familiarization with College policies (Policy Awareness)20. I am familiar with the College’s challenge for credit policy.21. I am familiar with the College’s transfer of credit policy.22. I am familiar with the College’s appeals procedure as it relates to academic and/or discipline issues.23. I am familiar with the College’s harassment policy.24. I am familiar with Prior Learning Assessment at the College.Quality of the welcoming, inclusive college environment (College Environment)25. My gender does not limit my success in the program.26. My race or ethnic origin does not limit my success in the program. 27. My physical ability does not limit my success in the program.28. My financial situation does not limit my success in the program.29. My English language skills do not limit my success in the program.30. My Mathematical skills do not limit my success in the program.31. My experience in the program has increased my awareness of values and cultures that are different

from my own.Quality of Instruction (Instruction)32. The instructors treat students with respect.33. The instructors are effective in delivering the program.34. The instructors are knowledgeable in the areas they teach.35. Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of instruction within the program.Quality of program resources (Program Resources)36. The training materials (texts, workbooks, handouts, etc.) used in the program are current.37. I am satisfied with the quality of the training materials used in this program. 38. The equipment used in this program is appropriate for learning the required skills.39. The equipment used in this program is current with industry.40. There is a sufficient quantity of equipment provided for the program.41. There is a sufficient quantity of CURRENT library resource materials for use by students in the

program. (Books, video tapes, audio tapes, periodicals, pamphlets, etc.).Quality of College facilities (College Facilities)42. The classroom facilities are appropriate.43. The shop/lab facilities are appropriate. 44. Adequate study space is available to students.45. Student lounge space is adequate.46. The gymnasium/fitness facilities are satisfactory.47. Overall, the College facilities meet my needs as a student.Quality of College services (College Services)48. I am satisfied with the service provided from the Academic Support Services (Tutorial Centre).49. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Counselling Centre. 50. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Job Centre.51. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Library.52. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Bookstore.53. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Enrolment Services Department.54. I am satisfied with the service I received from the Print and Graphic Centre/Copy Centre.55. Overall, I am satisfied with the quality of service provided by the College.

Surveys include many questions about one or more topics. Typically, how respondents answer these different questions tends to form patterns, that is, many of the responses are correlated. The RRC Student Evaluation of Program (SEPS) has 44 attitude questions on a variety of matters about the College.

Factor analysis is a statistical approach used to analyze interrelationships among a large number of variables and to explain these variables in terms of their common underlying dimensions or factors (Fisher & van Belle, 1993; Green & Salkind, 2003; Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 1991). This statistical technique allows the information contained in a large number of survey questions to be summarized in a smaller set of factors. The analysis compresses the original variables into a smaller set of dimensions. There are two main types of factor analysis, confirmatory and exploratory.

The analysis in the first annual SEPS report (2003-04 survey) was exploratory. Exploratory factor analysis is used to discover the factor structure of a set of observed variables. Observed variables are the measured variables and are sometimes called indicator variables or manifest variables or reference variables, such as items in a survey instrument. It is often used when researchers have no hypotheses about the nature of the underlying factor structure of their measures.

Factor analysis generates a correlation matrix for all the observed variables. A correlation matrix is a rectangular array of the correlation coefficients of the variables with each other. Factors (dimensions) are extracted from the correlation matrix based on the correlation coefficients of the variables. Then, the factors are rotated in order to maximize the relationship between the variables and some of the factors. In general, the number of dimensions or factors is much smaller than the number of original variables. Factors or dimensions are also sometimes referred to as latent variables to distinguish them from the observed variables.

Additionally, it is possible to compute factor or dimension scores for use in subsequent analyses. As well, the reliability of dimensions, which generally include a number of items, can be tested. The results of the initial exploratory factor analysis are included as Appendix D1.

The first year, 2003-04, established the factor structure; this year we wanted to establish its consistency. In factor analysis, confirmatory analysis is used to test the consistency of the structure. The 2003-04 factor structure included eight dimensions arising from the original set of variables. Confirmatory factor analysis (Coughlin, 2005; Pedhazur & Schmelkin, 1991) was applied to the 2004-05 data set using the 2003-04 structure. Confirmatory factor analysis is used when a particular factor structure has been specified, in which the researcher designates the variables to load on each factor – in this case the factor structure arising from the 2003-04 SEPS.

The analysis proceeded through several steps. First a global test of the fit of the original factor model to the new data set was undertaken. The original factor model was re-estimated using the original data set again forcing eight factors, using principal axis factoring with a promax rotation and a maximum likelihood estimation method. The data set had missing data (some of the individual questions had large numbers of non-responses). The chi-square and degrees of freedom were calculated and the model was then applied to the second data set. Table 1 provides the results.

Table 1.

SEPS 2003-04

SEPS 2004-05

2χΔ

2χ 1169.7 1275.8 106.1

df 622 622 0

1 Research and Planning would like to thank Ashley Blackman for his advice and guidance on the statistical procedures.


appendix d - Technical Overview of Analytic Techniques1

This meant the model was rejected, that is, the original model did not fit the second data set. In order to proceed, the two data sets were explored using multinomial logistic regression to help identify why they are different. Seven questions (or variables) showed a difference. Compared to 2003-04, the responses to questions 25, 28, 32, 38, 41, 45 and 53 were more positive (or less negative) in 2004-05. Combined, these variables have a reliability alpha .72 and this set of variables showed a significant difference from 2003-04 to 2004-05. While the model would still be rejected, removing the variables that changed removed most of the variability.

The last stage of the analysis conducted the confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM)2 with AMOS3. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the factor structure model for the 2003-04 (2003 in the figure) SEPS and for 2004-05 (2004 in the figure) in its final form, allowing correlated error terms4.

This means5 that we can have confidence in applying the original factor structure to the 2004-05 survey results. In other words, the original eight dimensions still work with the 2004-05 SEPS findings.

Figure 1. Factor Model for the 2003-04 SEPS.

2 SEM is a multivariate statistical analysis technique that encompasses and extends standard statistical methods such as regression, factor analysis, and simultaneous equations and analysis of variance. It is largely a confirmatory and not an exploratory technique. SEM is used to test hypotheses about the relationships between observed and latent variables. Using SEM it is possible to explore factor models (Coughlin, 2005). The goal of structural equation modeling (SEM) is to compare a covariance matrix generated from a particular sample with a covariance matrix generated by a hypothesized model.

3 AMOS is a structural equation modeling software distributed by SPSS 4 Correlated error terms refers to situations where knowing the residual of one variable helps in knowing the residual associated with another variable. The

correlation of error terms may and should be explicitly modeled in SEM. In SEM, the researcher must model error as well as the variables. It makes particular sense in this instance in that the variables are correlated with each other.

5 For example, the goodness-of-fit (GFI) index should be at .90 or greater to have the model considered as adequate (Schumacker & Lomax, 1996).

Satisfaction

A_Services E_A

.76B_Policy E_B

.65C_Resources E_C

.87

D_Environment E_D.62

E_Instruction E_E

.61

F_Quality E_F

.62

G_Facilities E_G

.77

H_Orientation E_H

.30

.29.24

.39

-.08

.10

Satisfaction model based on principal axis factor analysis2003 GFI .991

Chisq=31.236 df=20 p=.052

.13

.02

-.17

-.19

.06


appendix d - Technical Overview of Analytic Techniques continued

Figure 2. Factor Model for the 2004-05 SEPS. The reliability scores of the eight dimensions for the 2004-05 SEPS data set are illustrated in Table 2. Table 2. Factors Extracted from the Student Evaluation of Program Survey 2004-05. Dimension Reliability6 Number of

Items

Overall Program Quality .839 6

Quality of Orientation .660 27

Quality of familiarization to College policies .886 5

Quality of the welcoming, inclusive college environment .802 7

Quality of Instruction .877 4

Quality of program resources .852 6

Quality of College Facilities .842 6

Quality of College Services .914 7 These reliability scores are very similar to the scores from the 2003-04 SEPS, excepting Orientation, which is somewhat lower.

6 Cronbach's alpha measures how well a set of items (or variables) measures a single unidimensional latent construct. When data have a multidimensional structure, Cronbach's alpha will usually be low. Cronbach's alpha is not a statistical test - it is a coefficient of reliability (or consistency). The acceptable range is normally considered to be between .7 and 1.0 (Nunnally, 1978).

7 Velicer and Fava (1998) argue that factors should have at least three variables, however, if the original variables are best interpreted as a pair and the intent is to develop the underlying dimensions it makes sense to use only two.

Satisfaction

A_Services E_A

.69B_Policy E_B

.48C_Resources E_C

.95

D_Environment E_D.74

E_Instruction E_E

.68

F_Quality E_F

.77

G_Facilities E_G

.71

H_Orientation E_H

.17

.26.19

.36

-.01

.10

Satisfaction model based on principal axis factor analysis2004 GFI .991

Chisq=31.236 df=20 p=.052

.24

.15

-.24

-.51

-.26


appendix d - Technical Overview of Analytic Techniques continued

The first step in exploratory factor analysis is to assess whether or not the data set is appropriate for factor analysis. SPSS 13.0 was used to conduct the analysis. The overall factor analysis was evaluated through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Tests. The KMO measures the sampling adequacy which should be greater than 0.6 for a satisfactory factor analysis to proceed (Tabachnik & Fidell, 2001). The Bartlett’s test8 of sphericity examines whether there are adequate intercorrelations between the items to use factor analysis and it should be significant (p ≤ .05).

For the factor analysis of the SEPS, the results (Table 1) indicate a satisfactory analysis:

Table D1. KMO and Bartlett's Test Results for SEPS 2003-04 Factor Analysis

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. .944

Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 11753.541 df 946 Sig. .000

The steps in factor analysis are to select an extraction method for the correlations from the matrix and a rotation method to maximize the loadings of the items into a factor. Examining the correlations among the many survey items in the Student Evaluation of Program Survey (SEPS) for 2003-04 revealed that there was a significant correlation among various subgroups of questions. There are two main extraction methods, principal components analysis or common factor analysis (there are several specific techniques). Two strategies were used in conducting the exploratory factor analysis. First, principal component analysis (PAC)9 with a varimax10 rotation was used for the analysis of the forty-four questions, all of which were attitude-type questions with a four point11 agree – disagree scale. Factors are extracted in order and the first factor accounts for the largest amount of variability and the second factor the second most and so on. The factors were initially selected based on the scree plot12 (included as Figure 1) and included all factors with an eigenvalue (the variability of a factor)13 greater than one. This yielded seven factors. Then the selected factors were rotated through a varimax routine to yield separate uncorrelated factors or dimensions. Factor loading14 were at a minimum of .3015. Subsequently, the derived factors were examined in relation to the original set of questions and a further analysis was conducted to achieve eight dimensions, which seemed to be more interpretable for the original question items. The scree test and the eigenvalue-greater-than-one criteria are meant to act as guides in determining factors; what is more important is to have a set of factors that arise from the data and are more meaningful (Fabrigar, et. al., 1999).

8 A test statistic used to examine the hypothesis that the variables are uncorrelated. It is used to test the suitability of a correlation matrix for factor analysis by examining if the data contain sufficient correlations to warrant analysis (i.e., whether the correlation matrix (variance/covariance matrix) is an identity matrix). If the obtained chi square value is significant, then the correlation matrix to be analyzed is non-random and is suitable for factor analysis.

9 Principal components analysis (PCA) is a form of factor analysis. It involves a mathematical procedure that transforms a number of (possibly) correlated variables into a (smaller) number of uncorrelated variables called principal components. The first principal component accounts for as much of the variability in the data as possible, and each succeeding component accounts for as much of the remaining variability as possible.

10 A variance maximizing (varimax) rotation is a method for rotating axes of a plot such that the eigenvectors remain orthogonal (that is uncorrelated) as they are rotated. These rotations are so that the axes are rotated to a position in which the sum of the variances of the loadings is the maximum possible. This type of rotation is called variance maximizing because the purpose of the rotation is to maximize the variance (variability) of the factor (the "new" variable), while minimizing the variance around the new variable. It assumes uncorrelated factors.

11 It may be argued that a four-point scale is not continuous, however, factor analysis is very robust and it is not uncommon to use factor analysis with four point scales.

12 A scree plot is a plot of the eigenvalue for each factor; generally, a criterion for selection of factors is that all factors are retained with eigenvalues in the sharp descent part of the plot before the values level off.

13 An eigenvalue is the standardized variance associated with a particular factor. 14 A factor loading expresses the correlation of an item with a factor. 15 A general rule of thumb is that factor loadings greater than .30 are considered to be useful. This is just a guideline and may need to be adjusted, for example,

as the sample size and the number of variables increase, the criterion may need to be adjusted slightly downward and it may need to be adjusted upward as the number of factors increases (see Hair, et. al., 1998).


appendix d1 - Exploratory Factor Analysis Results from the 2003-04 SEPS

In addition, a separate analysis was

conducted using principal axis factoring (PAF)16 with a promax17 rotation. Factor loading were at a minimum of .40. Initially, seven factors were extracted as with the PCA, but the factors varied very slightly. The analysis was re-run for eight factors, and the results were virtually identical to the PCA. What is reported here derives from the pattern matrix of the principal axis factoring (see Table 3 for the factor loadings). Some researchers (Fabrigar, et. al., 1999; Gorsuch, 1990; Preacher & MacCallum, 2003) suggest that principal axis factoring with an oblique rotation is the preferred method of factor analysis even if principal component analysis is widely used and explained in many texts (for example, Green & Salkind, 2003).

According to the analysis, the forty-four questions can be summarized in eight dimensions, or scales as illustrated in Table 2. The dimensions or scale items were also tested for reliability. Hence, the forty-four items can be summarized in eight dimensions with high reliability.

Table D2. Factors (Dimensions) Extracted from the 2003-04 Student Evaluation of Program Survey.

Dimension Reliability18 Number of Items

Overall Program Quality .814 6

Quality of Orientation .721 219

Quality of familiarization to College policies .892 5

Quality of the welcoming, inclusive college environment .794 7

Quality of Instruction .875 4

Quality of program resources .856 6

Quality of College Facilities .869 6

Quality of College Services .902 7

16 Principal axis factoring is another common form of factor analysis. It uses squared multiple correlations as the initial estimates of the communalities. The general factor model asserts that there is common factor plus individual idiosyncrasies. Principal component works only with the common factor, whereas principal axis tries to use both. (Principal component treats the individual elements as part of the error term). In theory, developing a model that takes into account more of the sources of variability can be useful. As well, with the SEPS data set, it is likely that the factors are correlated.

17 Promax is an oblique rotation such that the vertices can have any angle. It allows factors to be correlated. Its name derives from procrustean rotation because it tries to fit a target matrix which has a simple structure. With the SEPS data set, it is likely that the factors are correlated.

18 Cronbach's alpha measures how well a set of items (or variables) measures a single unidimensional latent construct. When data have a multidimensional structure, Cronbach's alpha will usually be low. Cronbach's alpha is not a statistical test - it is a coefficient of reliability (or consistency). The acceptable range is between .7 and 1.0 (Nunnally, 1978).

19 Velicer and Fava (1998) argue that factors should have at least three variables, however, if the original variables are best interpreted as a pair and the intent is to develop the underlying dimensions it makes sense to use only two.

Appendix D1 - Exploratory Factor Analysis Results from the 2003-04 SEPS continued

44

43

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

33

32

31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

987654321

Factor Number

15

10

5

0

Eige

nval

ue

Figure 1. Scree Plot


appendix d1 - Exploratory Factor Analysis Results from the 2003-04 SEPS continued

Table D3. Summary of Factor Loadings for Promax, Principal Axis Factoring for the Student Evaluation

of Program Survey 2003-04. (Note. Only factor loadings greater than .40 are shown.)

Factor

College Services

Policy Awareness

Program Resources

College Environment Instruction Program

Quality College

Facilities Orientation

Q12 .551

Q13 .574

Q14 .720

Q15 .473

Q16 .672

Q17 .590

Q18 .433

Q19 .447

Q20 .756

Q21 .904

Q22 .922

Q23 .722

Q24 .747

Q25 .768

Q26 .767

Q27 .830

Q28 .425

Q29 .612

Q30 .482

Q31 .418

Q32 .779

Q33 .844

Q34 .682

Q35 .828



Table D3. continued

Factor

College Services

Policy Awareness

Program Resources

College Environment Instruction Program

Quality College

Facilities Orientation

Q36 .677

Q37 .652

Q38 .788

Q39 .821

Q40 .760

Q41 .527

Q42 .658

Q43 .635

Q44 .785

Q45 .723

Q46 .613

Q47 .507

Q48 .571

Q49 .687

Q50 .847

Q51 .729

Q52 .754

Q53 .860

Q54 .818

Q55 .768



Table D4. Factor Correlation Matrix

Factor Correlations College

Services Policy

Awareness Program

Resources College

EnvironmentInstructio

n Program Quality

College Facilities Orientation

College Services 1.000

Policy Awareness .549 1.000

Program Resources .659 .500 1.000

College Environment .502 .407 .467 1.000

Instruction .416 .410 .518 .402 1.000

Program Quality .458 .552 .561 .382 .623 1.000

College Facilities .706 .486 .692 .443 .469 .494 1.000

Orientation .212 .277 .232 .263 .221 .236 .235 1.000

References

Coughlin, M.A. (2005). Applied multivariate statistics. In M.A. Coughlin (Ed.) Applications of intermediate/advanced statistics in institutional research. Tallahassee, FL: The Association for Institutional Research.

Fabrigar, L.R., Wegener, D.T., MacCallum, R.C. & Strahan, E.J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 3, 272-299.

Fisher, L.D. & van Belle, G. (1993). Biostatistics. New York: Wiley.

Gorsuch, R.L. (1990). Common factor analysis versus components analysis: Some well and little known facts. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(1), 33-39.

Green, S.B. & Salkind, N.J. (2003). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh (3rd Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hair, J.F. Jr., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis, (5th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd Ed). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Pedhazur, E.J. & Schmelkin, L.P. (1991). Measurement, design and analysis: An Integrated approach. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Preacher, K.J. & MacCallum, R.C. (2003). Repairing Tom Swift’s electric factor analysis machine. Understanding Statistics, 2(1), 13-43.

Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (1996). A beginner's guide to structural equation modeling. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Tabachnik, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th Ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Velicer, W.F. & Fava, J.L. (1998). Effects of variable and subject sampling on factor pattern recovery. Psychological Methods, 3, 231-251.



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