(b) Test for fats : Ghee/butter--Rub ghee I butter on white ·pap~r. A portion of that paper turns transluscent indicating the

presence of fats.

(c) Testfor proteins: Take the few drops of egg albumin in a test tube and add a few drops of concentrated nitric acid to it.

♦ The white colour of the albumin changes to yellow. Now, pour the acid out of the test tube but keep the white

of the egg in the test tube.

♦ Add a few drops of ammonium hydroxide to it.

♦ The colour changes to violet which shows the presence of proteins.

4. Nucleic Acid ♦ "The other type of macromolecule that one would find in the acid insoluble fraction of any living tissue is the

nucleic acid.

♦ These are polynucleotides.

♦ It is of two types (A} DNA (B} RNA

.DNA 1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid

2. Made up of following contents

N2 Base -A,T,C,G

Sugar - Deoxyribose

Phosphate

3. Generally double Standard and

helically coiled

4. Mainly act as genetic material

RNA 1. Ribonucleic Acid

2. Made up of following contents

N2

Base -A,U,C,G

Sugar - Ribose

Phosphate

Generally single Standard and

helically coiled

4. Mainly act as genetic material in plant virus

only : non genetic RNA is found in cell as

t-RNA, m-RNA, r-RNA

5. Enzyme Bio catalyst made up of protein except Ribozyme

- 'ase' suffix is defined for enzyme

(i} simple enzyme - only made up of protein !k',. 1 .

(ii} complex enzyme/ Holoenzyme - made up of Apoenzyme (Protein} & co-factor (Non pro~in as metal,

vitaminet<::.} . · ' '"

- Reduces activition energy and act on specific temperature, pH, substrate, functional group. . .

EXERCISE . .

1. The dispersed phase of protoplasm, according to colloidal hypothesis, is constituted by-

2.

3.

4.

5.

(A) Inorganic minerals (B) Organic compounds

(C)Organelles (D}AII

Protoplasm is-(A) Transparent colloidal and viscous solution (C) Translucent, jelly like colloidal solution

(B) Translucent, jelly like and sus~nded solution

(D} Transparent, jelly like collo~ f~~Qn,· , ·

Brownian movement is due to-(A) Co!fision and rev~rsal of electrically charged molecules

(B) Simple movement of molecules themself

(CJ Force existing between molecules (O)Aflraction between molecules

of the following is the physical property of protoplasm-

(A) Tyndall's effect (B}Adsorption (C} Phase reversal

is glycogen stored-(A) liver and muscles (8) Liver only (C} Muscles only

~' . ~i t· ~ ... ~-

:,~ -~•_,,r);>1,to '-Ji,.

•·, . : ·:•-:f_)9..II!; :: : .) ',

~ :. r· •~,~~4~:f r~ ; . • ,. ~- ,,.; :!C'q "'V~l:J ri

(D)A1l'. ;1, ~ - · 3du! [A! , Q,Jf1 ·1{ ••

I _,.,__:, ~ .._ •· J \ •

~·;.·Ji). : ,., ..... ,.

(D) Pant

KVPY _SA_ BIOMOLECULE# 181

6.

7.

Which substance is not carbohydrate -(A) Starch (B) Glycogen

Lactose is composed of -(A) Glucose + galactose (C) Glucose + Glucose

(C)Wax

(B) Glucose+ Fructose (D) Glucose+ mannose

(D)Glucose

8. Sweetest sugar among the naturally occuring sugar-(A) Glucose (B) Fructose (C) Sucrose (D) Saccharine

9. Which element is normally absent in proteins-(A) C (B)N (C)S (D)P

10. Proteins which are present in protoplasm are very important because -

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

(A) They provide rigidity to cell (B) They function as biocatalyst (C) They yield energy (D} They are stored food Unit of proteins which unite in long chains to form proteins are called -(A) Sugar (B) Purines (C) Pyrimidines (D)Amino acids In India the best source for proteins in herbivorous persons is-(A) Pulses (B} Potato (C) Egg (D)Meat Which is most important structural part of the body-(A) Protein (B) Carbohydrates (C) Lipid (D) Nucleic acid Variations in proteins are due to -(A) Sequence of amino acids (C)R-group

(B} Number of amino acids (D}None

Which of the following is sulphur containing amino acid-(A) Alanine (B) Lysine (C) Methionine Which of the following lipids is most abundant in cell membrane-(A) Steroid (B) Cholesterol (C) Phospholipid

(D)Argenine

(D) Cutin 17. Esters of long chain fatty acid with long-chain monohydric alcohols are called-

(A) Fats (B) Waxes (C) Both of the above (D) None of the above 18. Which of the following bond formed by dehydration:- · .,. ··

(A) Peptide bond & hydrogen bond (B) P'.)ptide bond'& g)ytosidic bond (C) Glycosidic bond (D) All of the above .·' .. ' ...

19. In amino acid, the name of groups present on all four valancy of a-di~~ are \ ' (A)Hydrogen, Carboxyl, amino and R-group (B) Hydrogen, alcoholic, amino and R-group (C) Hydrogen, alcoholic, carboxyl and R-group (D) None of the abov ·_ · ' ' ~ ·

20. Which of the following compound is most abundant by found in ._a ceJJ :-

1.

2.

3.

4.

(A) Protein (B) Lipid (C) O:l~hyd . ··: · •·

r-~.i,- ' . The presence of nutrient sin the food can be tested. Benedict's's test· US9d to .del ect. (KVPY-2011) (A) sucrose (B) glucose (C) fatty acid (D) · mlns,;, · ~:t J~~i~it~e upon whicr B~ ~~~~~yeter works is (C) surfac~ t~~sii ~r :· ~~~~ ;;:.~~,;~.of ~~-2011) Maltose is a I er of . ·.' .. ;. •·-'-'c~.:w~tr» .... :,.p~;a .. ,, ~ -:;¼,.•.;'ift1..iJ; po ym ... , "-··. \le"; , ~ 1,,·, ~~fT• -'V ,, (A) one glucose and one fructose molecule (B) one gluco.sff •· ' ' · ·~le ·. '· .· (C)twoglucosemolecules (D)twofructo~\ n ~' · · . -;',.,'/".:·:

1_ i"F~r., I. gn11~, .. f. •. , . ~ , , , .. Two tubes labeled 'P'and 'Q' contain food stuff. Tube 'P'gave posiijye · i

'Q' gave positive test with Nitric acid. Which of the foloowing is corr~9t-~ . . . .. 1 ,.. (K.VPY ..J(l14_ (A) Tube 'P' conta~ns suga~;tube 'Q' contai~s protein · ' .. ; -~i: a, g.,...,-~~,,._ - ; · · r • (B) Tube 'P' contains protein;tube 'Q ' contains sugar · .. -:~.-f:~ · (C) Both tube 'P' and tube 'Q' contain sugar -~;aia fflll800'"<lr' i: -,• (D) Both tube 'P' and tube 'Q' contain protein '.iJ) ~~• vt

5. om~mllo'\he average molecular mass of a base to be 500 Da, what is the molecular mass of ·a do stranded ONA of 10 base pair's? (KVPY 2015 SA) (1 Mark) (A) 500 Ca (B) 5kOa (C) 10 kDa (D) 1 kDa

6. following pairs are botrrpo'iysabcharides? (KVPY 2015 SA) (1 Mark) Ceihftmaand glycogen (B) Starch and glucose Ce1luTlms· mrii fructose · ·(D) Ribose and sucrose

,"":' --,~

7. What · advantage of storing glucose as glycogen in animals instead of as monomeric glucose: (KVPY 2015 SA) (2 Marks)

(A) Energyobmined from glycogen is more than that from the corresponding glucose monomers (B) Glucose present as monomers within the celrexerts more osmotic pressure than a single glyco­

gen motewle, resultinrf in toss of water from the cells (C) Glucose'pre'$effl Else monomers within the cell exerts more osmotic pressure than a single glyco­

gen molecine,'rasulting in excess water within the cells (D) Glycogen gives more rigidity to the cells.

8. Assume a s:,mettt;aHrtam.marian cell-has a diameter of27 microns. If a polypeptide chatn with alpha helical coofollnt:11hiin1ts't&stretch across the cell, how many amino acids should it be comprised of ?

9.

10.

(KVPY 2015SX) (1 Mark) (A) 18000 (B) 1800 (C)27000 (D) 12000

Which one ot1helollQWing has phosphoric acid anhydride bonds ? (A) Deoxy ribonucleid"acid (B) Ribonucleic acid (C)dNTPs (D)Phospholipids

Phospholipi~·are'fonTied by the esterification of (A) Three ethanol molecule with three acid molecules. (B) On'eglyceroland·two fatty acid-molecules. (C)'Qne:glycerot.and three,fatty acid•molecules. (D) One ethylene glycol and twcHatty acids molecules.

(KVPY 2015 SX) (1 Mark)

(KVPY 2015 SX) (1 Mark)

11. If molecular weight of a polypeptide is 15.3 kDa, what would be the minimum number of nucleotides in the mRNA that codes for this polypeptide? Assume that molecule weight of eacti. amjno ~cid i~,90 Da.

· (KVl'Y ~Pts.§Xi {j, NJ~rk) (A)510 (B)663 (C)123 (0)170 . ·-~, -~

12. Which one of the following can be used to detect amino acids ? (KVPY 2015~/f&vk) (A) Iodine vapour (B) Ninhydrin (C) Ethidium Bromide · (D) Bromophenol blue

13. Co-enzymes are components of an enzyme complex which are riecessaryfor' its function. Wfiich of these is

14.

15.

a known co enzyme? (KVPY 2015SX) (1 ·Mark) · (A) Zinc· (B) Vitamin B12 (C) Chlorophyll · (D) Heme~0 -

The Peptidoglycans of bacteria consist of (A) Sugar, D-amino acids and L-.aminoacids (B) Sugars and only D-amino.acids (C).Sugars and otlly ~amino acids (D) SUgars and glycine

.(KVPVo2.C>1BSXH1 Mark)

If a double stranded DNA has 15% cytosine, what is the % of adenine in.tbEJ_, • K\IPV

(A) 15% (B) 70% (C)35°io ~0)'30°¾/ '"

.- KVPY _SA_B10MOLECULE # 183

16. Which of the following is NOT an enzyme ? (A) lipase (8) Amylase (C) Trypsin

17. Which of the following amino acids is NOT involved in glucon 2016 SA) (1 Mark) (A)Alanine (8) Lysine (C) Gl~cr.:: "1niJ!B,(~!'\fQ•ililine •

18. .,~;-_ ~f'"i~ I(.. • •

Match the enzymes in Group I with the reactions in Group II. selea!:~~~~- . g,l?jn~ion (KVPY 2016 SA) (2 Marks)

Group I Group II . ,, . ,,-.,1ore k f,~:L · :, P. Hydrolase i. Inter- conversion of optical isomers Q. Lyase ii. Oxidation and reduction of~o_ ..: ,,::.! 0 ,.,1, ,. 1 R. lsomerase S. Ligase

iii.Joiningoftwocompounds . c.•.·,-,~~ U, ,, , •.. iv. Removal of a chemical ·gm1,1p.~ - -. ·, · -v. Transferofachem1calgrJ)l:IP.-fi · -~·-~9ther

(A) P-iv, Q-ii, R-iii, S-i (8) P-v, Q-iv, R-i, S-iii (C) P-iv,_0.i1 n· __ ::1.1-:-.a.-Hn ,. :(0) P-.i1 Q-iv, R-v, S-ii .,! v:1t•it l £.. h) .. .1 .. ~_ •. ·

19. Given below are the four schematics that describe the dep · ·• of the rate of an enzymatic reaction on temperature. Which of the following combinations is true forq:lftll~liD~ ~chrophilic organisms

p I/ (A) P and P

Q.i[] tetl!p,et\l~

(8) P and S

_: ·. ~: .~z::· ,, ,-. , . (KVPY 2016 SA)(2 Marks)

(C)..Pand,R -, .. ·>, -; r(O) Rand R ,-.- • I ;f; ~ .--~;:v,- -..,

20. Which of the following statements about nucleosome is TRUE'a.,: :+. ,; , 'f, . , (KVPY 2016 SX) (1 Mark) (A) It consist of only DNA (8.) Jt >isan · · e,,structure found in prokaryotes. (C) It consists of DNA and proteins (D) ft con~ · · if mt.y-.biston-e proteins

21. According to Watson-Crick model, hydrogen bonding in a d_ouble-~tranded pNA occurs between . . . - .: ' _ . '_- {KVPY2017_SAJ[1 Mark]

22.

(A) adenine and guanine · · (8) adenih'Efand thymine (C) cytosine and adenine (D) guanine and thymine

Optical activity of DNA is due to its (A)bases (8)sugars (C)-phosphate -

[KVPY 2017 _SA] (1 Mark] -- (D).hydrogen bonds

23. A 25,000 Da protein contains a single binding site for a molecu 0igand), whose . molecular weight is 2,500 Da. Assuming high affinity and physiologically irreversible binding, the amount of the ligand required to

24.

25.

occupy all the binding sites in 10. mg protein will be . ___ [KVPY 2017 _SA] (2 Marks] (A) 0.1 mg (8) 1 mg - (C) 10 mg (d)_ 100 rng

In a chemical reaction, enzymes catalyze the reaction by (A) lowering the activation energy.

[KVPY 2017 _SX] (f Mark]

(8) increasing the activation energy. ·1,,,,' ..

(C) decreasing the free energy change between reactants and p1ed.ubt. - :: · · , , · ': (D) increasing the free energy change between reactants and proddet', : 1 .-:,, _,. ,ti:·::- , .. -

The rigidity of cellulose is due to " '-•· : ;, ~~~t.:.s#.t{~· (A) coiled structure of glucose polymer. · · { ,. · (8) ~(1~) glycosidic linkage. (C) hydrogen bonding with adjacent glucose polymer. (D) cross-linking between glucose and peptides.

.at

26. Which ONE of the following coenzymes is required for the conversion of L-aJani e to a racemic mixture of D-and L-alanine? (KVPY 2017 _ SX] (1 Mark] (A) Pyridoxal-6-phosphate (B) Thiamine pyrophosphate (C) Coenzyme A (D) Flavin adenine dinucleotide ...............

~ --------..--111[1111111!1-------·~ .

KVPY _SA_BIOMOLECULE # 184 ..................... ,"'

27. How many. different proteins consisting of,toO amino acids can be formed from 20 different amino acids ? [KVPY 2017 _SX] [2 Mark]

(A) 20100 (B) 1()()20 . (-G)220 (D) 20 X 100 , . -" ····., "1t ' .

28. Choose the CORRECT combination of statements given below related to cysteine residue in proteins.

i. Cysteine can be linked to tyrosine by S-0 bond . . ii. Cysteine can be linked to another cysteine by S-S. bond. iii. Cysteine can complex with Zn2+.

iv. Cysteine can be linked to methionine by S-S bond. (A) i and ii (B) ii and iii (C) iii and iv

29. Which ONE of the following is a hetero -polysaccharide ? (A) Glycogen (B) Starch (C) Cellulose

[KVPY 2017 _SX] [2 Mark]

(D) i and iv

[KVPY2017_SX] [1 Mark) (D) Hyaluronic acid

30. The protein P, the oligosaccharide 0, and the oligonucleotide N are composed of 100 amino acid residues, 100 hexose residues, and 100 nucleotide, respectively. Which ONE of the following orders of molecular weight is CORRECT? [KVPY 2017 _SX] [2 Mark] (A) P > 0 > N (B) P > N > 0 (C) N > 0 > P (D) 0 > P > N

31. An.octapeptide (NH2 -Asn -Glu -Tyr- Lys-Trp- Met-Glu - Gly) is subjected to complete protease and

chemical digestion. Based on the result obtained, choose the lNCORRECT option from below. [KVPY 2017 _SX] [2 Mark]

(A) Trypsin generated mixtures of dimmer and trimer. (B) Trypsin generated tetramers only. (C) Cyanogen bromide generates a hexamer and a dimer. (D) Chymotrypsin generates mixture of dimer and dimer.

32. Match the enzymes in column - I with their respective biochemical reaction in column II. Choose the CORRECT

1. 6. 11. 16.

1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 26. 31.

combination from below. [KVPY 2017 _SX] [2 Mark]

Column I T ransaminases acid removal of Pro · -Kinases acid Protein acid

(A) P-iv Q- -(C) p ..jj Q- ...

(D) (C)

2. 1.

(D} ~- . . 12.,_ --(C) 17.

R - iii S-v R-i S-v

(8) P-ii (D)P-v

-· ~ nswers Key

EXERCISE

(C) 3. (A)

(A) 8. (B) {A} 13. (A)

(B) 18. (B)

Q-i Q-ii

••• 4. 9. 14. 19.

-PY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (8) (B) 3. (C) 4.

(A) - • (C)' 8. (B) 9. (A) 12. (B) 13. (B) 14. (D) 17. (B) 18. (B) 19.

(B) 22.· (B) 23. (8) 24.

( 27. (A) 28. (B) 29. ( 32. (C)

~ -. .,,., -

R : ii ,~ .S ~ ;;: R-iii $

(D) (D) (A) (A)

. ,

5. 10.

; . t,15. : .i '·• 2-0.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

(A) .. · , .s , ~ir. (C)

ccr · -, : ~~rw. ,t.; cs> . t, 1Jb

(A) • ·fV '~ ,.. • ,_,,-,:, (C) (D) ,, ,,m . (C)

(A) . -.·. (C) (D) • (C)

KVPY _ SA_B10MOLECULE # 185