gi pathophysiology review section bios e-162b, dec 5, 2010
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GI pathophysiologyReview section
Bios E-162b, Dec 5, 2010
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digestive_system_diagram_edit.svg
Overview of the GI system
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z7xKYNz9AS0
Transit of foodstuffs through the GI system
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The wall of the GI tract has several layers
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Sphincters control the transit from one section of the GI tract to the next
www.mydr.com.au
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Bile and pancreatic secretions are emptied at the same point in the duodenum
www.memorialhermann.org
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The enteric nervous system regulates GI activity
mikedaisey.com
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GI hormones also regulate GI activity
04340.com
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Gastroesophageal reflux is due to an insufficient closure of the lower esophageal sphincter
www.webmd.com
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myhealth.ucsd.edu
Hiatus hernias may also cause gastroesophageal reflux
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Several factors may cause or aggravate GER
- Young age- Obesity- Pregnancy- Postural changes after eating- Smoking- Peppermint, coffee, alcohol- Diseases of connective tissue
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Gastric metaplasia of the esophageal epithelium
GER may lead to Barrett’s esophagus
www.lwjuan.com
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Barrett’s esophagus mat lead to esophageal adenocarcinoma
upload.wikimedia.org
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The stomach mucosa produces acid, mucus and pepsinogen
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Several mediators induce acid secretion
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Peptic ulcers come from an imbalance between acid vs. mucus + HCO3
www.yourgicenter.com
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H. Pilori is the most common cause
bioweb.uwlax.edu
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H. Pilori is the most common cause
upload.wikimedia.org
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The digestion of carbohydratesMost dietary carbs are polysaccharides
Cooper GM. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition.
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The digestion of carbohydratesAll carbohydrates are converted to
monosaccharides before absorption
salivary a-amilase
5% starch Maltose
salivary a-amilase
25% starch Maltose
pancreatic a-amilase
70% starch Maltose
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The digestion of carbohydratesDisaccharidases at intestinal villi transform
disaccharides in monosaccharides
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web.campbell.edu
The digestion of fats
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Types of diarrhea
Osmotic
Secretory
Malabsoptive
ie. Lactose intolerance
ie. Cholera
ie. Celiac disease
Inflammatory ie. Chron’s disease
High motility ie. Some medications