giani dit singh wrd file
TRANSCRIPT
frnkBh fds f;zx ihfJ zrb? Iv dhnK nypkoK ftZu 19thI ;dh d/ d {i/ nZX ftZu fJj SZg frnk fe f;Zy e"w
ysw j' ojh j? ns/ nkT[ Id / 25 ;kbK sZe id fe;/ B/ f;Zy d/ doFB eoB/ j 'Dr/ sK T[; ~nikfJp xo ftZu e/tb c'N' jh fwbDrhnK. fJzM T[j fbyd/ th feT[ I Bk, id'I wjkokikoDihs f;zx t/b / f;zxK dh frDsh fJZe eo'V s' I tZX ;h, go 1881 dh wodZw F[wkohw[skfpe brGr 18 by ofj rJh ;h ;' n?;k fynkb ;[Gkte ;h. go T[jBK ~ eh gsk ;hfe fi; e"w d/ pko / T[j 1881 ftZu fby oj/ jB, T[j 38 ;kbK pknd T[jBK Bkb NZeobt/rh s/ T[jBK ~ JhB wBtk e/ ;kj bt/rh go j'fJnk fe; soQK< fJ; wjkB ;ke/ dk jho'e"D j?<
T[ ^so L frnkBh fds f;zx ih jB.
go ;kvh e"w th fBokbh j?. fizBQh ;gZFN r[owfs-ftukoXkok ns/ fBnkokgB r[o{;kfjpkB B/ fJ; ~ fdZsk j?l T[B Qh jh fJj GowK, tfjwK ftZu c; e/ nkgDh j'Id bJh ysok g?dkeodh ojh j?. nZi dh sK rZb SZv/ nZi s'I 150 ;kb gfjbK th fJ;/ fpwkoh ftZu c;h gJh ;h.
nekb g[oy p/nzs j ?. id' I e "w T[ ^s / GhV nkT[ Idh j? sK T[j ykb;/ ~ GhVk o{ghnrBh ftZu ' I ;toB (;'Bk) pDke/ eYdk j?. fi; ;w/ I e "w dk tZvk fjZ;k ;BksBh pD u[ Zek;h, r[owfs s' I nDikD j' e / m/v/ yk fojk ;h ns/ ;kj;jhD j'fJnk fgnk ;h. T[; ;w/ IfJ; ~ nzro/}K dh r[bkwh, pj[-frDsh d/ gOGkt ns/ r[o{ vzw B/ nk x/fonk ;h. e"w c[Ndk fFeko th j 'Jh ;h. n?;/ fpgsk Go/ ;w/ I ft Zu id' I e "w vktK v'b j'Jh gJh ;h, frnkBhfds f;zx ih jo w[jk} T[ ^s/ vN rJ/. eh ;BksBh, eh nkohnk ;wkih, eh r[o{ nzF d/jzeko/ r[o{ v zw ftZu c;/ ny"sh Xkofwe nkr{, eh s]sK d/ wjzs, eh r[od[nkfonK d/g[ikoh, ;G Bkb NZeo b? e/ frnkBh ih B/ e "w ~ nkgd/ g?oK T[^s/ yVQk eo fdZsk. nkU,fJBQK dk ihtB gVQe/ e[M f;yhJ/ sK i' e "w ~ e[ zGeoBh BhId ftZu' I irkT[D dk T[gokbk eo;ehJ/ ns/ nkgD/ ekb/ GftZy ~ T[ibk pDk ;ehJ /.
w[Ybk ihtB LfrnkBh fds f; zx ih dk iBw 21 ngO ?b 1852 ~ gfNnkbk fonk;s d/ Bro
nBzdg[o eb"V ftZu GkJh dhtkB f;zx ih d/ r Ofj fty/ j'fJnk. nkg S'Nh T[wo s' I jh pfj;w[pkjf;nK ftZu o[uh oZyD bZr gJ/ ;B ns/ tkfjr[o{ ih B/ fJzB Qh fpp/e-p[Xh pyFh ;h fey'N/ yo/ ftZu ;fji/ jh fBy/Vk eo b?Id / ;B. nkg dh fJ; brB s/ fynkbK ~ t/y e/ nkgd/ fgsk GkJh dhtkB f;zx ih B/ nkg ~ nkgD/ fJZe ;s;zrh r[bkpdk;hJ/ wjkswk r[opyFf;zx ih d/ v/o /, fgzv fsT[V, f}bQk nzpkbk fty/ 10 e[ ;kb dh T[wo ftZu jh G/i fdZsk.wjkswk ih B/ nkg dh shyD p[Xh d / n;o ~ ep{fbnk, feT[ Ife T[BQ K t/fynk fe nkg nZyoh
frnkB MN jh rOfjD eoh ik oj/ jB. r[opkDh d/ e [ ZM rO zE, gzi rO zEh, d; rO zEh, GkJhr[odk; dhnK tkoK, Grs pkDh nfd ~ d' e[ ;kbK ftZu jh gVQ fbnk. gfVQnk jh BjhI,fJBQK d / noE s/ nrkX GktK s' I th ikD{ j'D ftZu e'Jh e;o Bk ojh. fco nkg B/ T[od{ thgfVQnk. nkg fJzB / fwjBsh s/ uzr/ p[Xh tkb / ;kps j'J/ fe gzi-S/ ;kbK ftZu jh nkg B/T[od{ ns/ gzikph d/ Bkb jh fgzrb, ftnkeoD, t/dKs ns/ okiBhsh d/ th fe zB / jh rO zEK dknfXn?B eo fbnk. 17-18 ;kb dh T[wo ftZu jh nkg ih dhnK fgzrb, ftnkeoDe s/ftdKse pfj;K dhnK X[ zwK v /o/ ftZu dh j' e/ ;kXK ;zsK okjhI d {o-d{o sZe fybo rJhnK.tZv/-t Zv/ ftdtkBK sZe nkg dk Bkw ik g[ Zik ns/ nkg ih dh pfj; ;[DB dk eJhnK d/ wBftZu ukn g?dk j' frnk.
GkJh r[opyF f;zx ih r[bkpdk;hJ/ wjkswk dh FO /Dh ft Zu ' I ;B s/ fJj r[bkpdk;hnKd/ v/o/ jh T[BQh fdBh pj[sh uouk-tkosk nkfd eoB d/ e/ Ido pD/ j 'J / ;B. go d{i / p zB /nkw f; Zyh dh jkbs pVh wkVh ;h. fJj ;wK nzro/} oki dk ;h s/ Jh;kJhns d/ gOuko bJhtZv/-t Zv/ gkdoh gzikp ftZu G/i / ik oj/ ;B. T[; ;w/ I f;Zy gzE dh dFk b{Djokwh v'rfonKdh nfeOsxDsk ekoB 1849 ftZu gzikp u' I f;Zy oki ysw j' u [ Zek ;h. fi; d/ cb;o{g e"wftZu fJzBh nkswjhDsk nkJh fe e"w bV yVk rJh. w"ek gO;s pD/ f;Zy d[pkok fjzd{ wsftZu Fkwb j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. ;sb[i s' I T[oko d/ f; Zy ;odko, wjkoki/ nkfd sK gfjbK jh1807 Jh;th ftZu nkgDhnK e[o;hnK ykso nzro/}K d/ ih-j}{ohJ / pD u[ Ze / ;B s/ j[D;sb[i gko d/ f; Zy nkr{nK ~ nkgDh ikB pukT[D bJh nzro/}K dh JhB wzBDh gJh s /brGr ;ko/ nkr{ (GkJh wjkoki f;zx ih tofrnK ~ SZv e/) nzro/}K dh M'bh ftZu ik gJ/;B.
wjkokik oDihs f;zx d/ ;w/ I f; Zy e"w dh frDsh fJZe eo'V s' I T[go ;h, gofrnkBh fds f;zx ih d/ ;w/ I sZe xN e/ e/tb 18 e[ bZy d/ brGr jh ofj rJh ;h. f;Zyc"ih j[D nzro/} dh c"i ftZu Gosh j'D bZr gJ/ ;B go fJ; d/ pkti{d th nzro/} dh fJje'fFF ikoh ojh fe f;ZyK ~ iE/p zde s"o #s/ fJeZmk Bk j 'D fdZsk ikt/, go f;ZyK B/BkwXkoh bfjo d/ o{g ftZu nzr/o}K dh fJ; gkpzdh d/ fybk\ f;o u[ Zfenk. fJ; s'I pkndJh;kJhns d/ gOuko d/ Bkb-Bkb nkohnk ;wkihnK d/ g Ouko B/ th f;Zy gzE ~ Gkoh YkjbkT[Dh F[o{ eo fd Zsh. 1881 dh wodw F[wkoh ftZu f;ZyK dh frDsh e/tb 18 bZy 53j}ko 429 ofj rJh.
frnkBh ih dk bkj"o d/ r[bkpdk;hnK #d/ v/o/ s/ nkT[Dk L
frnkBh fds f;zx ih id ekch ftfdnk gOkgs eo u[ Ze / sK r[bkpdk;h ;zsK dhfJfSnk nB[;ko nkg bkj"o ft Zu r[bkpdk;hnK d/ g Of; ZX v/o/ ftZu nk rJ/. uZfmnK tkb/ d /;zs d/;k f; zx ih dh ;zrs Bkb nkg j[D ;kXK tkb / cehoh fbpk; d/ XkoBh j ' rJ/ s/ ;Gs' I gfjbK nkg B/ r[bkpdk;hnK d/ gOukoe d/ s "o s/ gpfbe whfNzrK s/ ;zrsK ftZu nkgD/
gOGktFkbh b ?euo d/D / F[o{ ehs/. eJh tko ;tkj nkfd wbe/ wVhnK-w;kDK ftZu th ikp?md/ s/ GiB ftZu i[VB dh e'fFF eod/ ofjzd /. go nkg d/ fJ; fteokb o{g ~ t/y e/eJh tko G'b / Gkb/ vo th iKd/ s / p Zu / sK uheK jh wkoB br iKd/, fi; eoe/ frnkBh ih ~S/sh jh fJ; cehoh fbpk; pko/ e [M Fze/ s/ fxODk g?dk j' rJh.
fJ; ;w/ I g zikp ftZu nzro/} g{o / } 'o Bkb fJ;kJh ws dk gOuko eo fojk ;h. T[;dk fynkb ;h fe fJE/ ;kvh je{ws sd jh mhe s"o s/ ub ;edh j? i/ g zikphnK ftZufJ;kJhns dk y{B g{o / }'o Bkb dkyb eo fdZsk ikt/. fJ; gOuko dk }'odko i[nkp d/DbJh gfjbK gzikp ftZu nkohnk ;wki dh bfjo j' Id ftZu nkJh. T[jBhI fdBhI ; [nkwh d:kBzd B/ nkohnk ;wki dk gOuko Gkt /I ;ko/ fj zd';skB ftZu ehsk, go ekw:kph ;G s' I tXgzikp ftZu j'Jh. fJ; dk tZvk ekoB f;ZyK dk ;fj:'r ;h feT[ Ife f;Zy th w{osh g{ie BjhI;B s/ nkohnk ;wkih th w{osh g{ieK d/ fto'Xh ;B. fJ; bJh gzikp ftZu nkohnk ;wkihbfjo d/ ubkT[D ftZu th f;ZyK B / jh pj[sk fjZ;k gkfJnk. GkJh itkjo f;zx ih, i' o/bt/ftZu w[bk}w ;B, fJjBK d/ gfjb/ ;eZso Ekg/ rJ/. T[; t/b / fJjBK dk f;oc Jh;kJhns d/yzvB eoB T[^s / jh }'o ;h. fJ;/ bJh id nkohnk ;wkih bhvo ;tkwh d:k Bzd gfjbhtkoh bkj"o nkJ/ sK T[B Q K dh seoho eoB bJh r[od [nkok v/jok ;kfjp ftZu jh f; ZyK tZb ' Ig OpzX ehsk frnk. frnkBh fds f;zx ih, GkJh itkjo f;zx ih d / ekch r{VQ / fwso ;B s/fJBQK okjh I jh ;[nkwh d:k Bzd Bkb fJjBK dk ;zgoe g?dk j'fJnk. puB-fpbk; ehs/ rJ/,sK ;tkwh d:kB zd ih ikD rJ/ fe i/ fJj ;kv/ fto[ ZX j' rJ/ sK fJBQK dhnK dbhbK dk itkp;kv/ bJh d/Dk w[Ffeb j' ikt/rk, ;' T [B QK B / frnkBh ih dk pVk ;BwkB ehsk s/ fJ; rbbJh T[B QK ~ wBkT[D s/ pVk }'o bkfJnk fe T[j w?dkB ftZu nk e/ ;kvk jh ;kE d/D. r[bkpdk;h ;zsKB/ ;G s' I gfjb/ nkohnk ;wki dk gOGkt ep{b eoe/ T[BQK dk g ?o'eko pDBk gOtkB eo fbnk;h fJ; bJh frnkBh ih th e[M fuo bJh T[BQK d/ gO 'rokw w[skfpe jh ezw eod/ oj/.
frnkBh ih gzE ;/tk d/ w?dkB ftZu Lbkj"o ftZu ofjzfdnK frnkBh ih dh Uohn?INb ekbi d/ gO ' H r[ow[y f;zx ih Bkb
fJZe tkoh G/ IN j' rJh. gO 'c ?;o ;kfjp pV/ ; {MtkB, d {o dh ;'uD tkb/ r[of;Zy ;B. T[BQK B /}'o fdZsk fe frnkBh fds f;zx ih @frnkBh# dh gOhfynk gk; eoB ns/ fco fJE/ T[BQ K e'bbkj"o ftZu jh ofjD.
gO 'H r[ow[y f;zx ih dh ;zrs eoe/ frnkBh ih B/ f;Zyh d/ gOGkt ~ ep{b fbnk. nkgr[of; Zyh ihtB d/ ;Ku/ ft Zu j"bh-j"bh YZb rJ/. r[owfs fcbk;ch d/ wjkB f;XKsK B/fJjBK dh ekfJnk ebg eo fdZsh. fJZe ;kb ftZu frnkBh gk; eo bJh. (T[d' I frnkBh dhgVkJh ftZu nZi eb tKr fBohnK feZ; / ejkDhnK jh BjhI ;B, pbfe r{V-frnkB dk w;kbkgVQBk g? Idk ;h. ;Oh r [o{ rO zE ;kfjp d/ r{V Q GktK ~ ;wMD s/ nkw noEK s' I ikD { j'D dhb'V g? Idh ;h.) frnkBh dh gOhfynk uzr/ BzpoK ftZu gk; eoB T[gozs gO 'c ?;o r[ow[y f; zxih d/ }'o d/D eoe/ nkg T[;/ ekbi ftZu jh wBZ[ysk d/ r[DK T[^s/ b?euo d/D bZr gJ/ ns/ T[d ' I s ' I jh
nkg ih dh p'bD Fesh ftZu tkXk j'D brk. fco nkg ~ fJ;/ ekbi ftZu jh gZe / s "o #s/Xkofwe gO 'c ?;o dh fvT{Nh ;" Ig fdZsh rJh, fi; ~ nkg B/ fJ zBh :'rsk Bkb fBGkfJnk fed' e [ ;kbK ftZu jh nkg d/ j[Bo dhnK X[ zwK g? rJhnK. nkohnk ;wkihnK dh bfjo ~;[Xkoe s/ Jh;kJhns d/ T[bN ;wM e/ f;Zy ni/ ;[nkwh d:k Bzd d/ fto'Xh BjhI ;B pD/,go f;nkD/ s / d{onzd/F f;ZyK B/ ;[nkwh d:k Bzd d/ gOuko ~ f;ZyK bJh wko{ wfj;{; eoBkF[o{ eo fdZsk ;h. feT[ Ife fJZe sK fJBQK dh fcbk;ch fJZe nekb g[oy dh pikJ/ e/tbe[dos sZe jh ;hfws ;h s/ d {ik w[ zvB nkfd d/ fJj gZe/ jkwh ;B. go nkw f;ZyK dhjwkfJs B/ d:k Bzd dk ekch j" I;bk tXkfJnk fi; eoe/ T[j jzekoh j ' frnk. ;[nkwh d:kBzd ngkD/ nkg ~ oZp jh ;wMD bZr fgnk ns/ jo/e Bkb pfj;K eoB bZr fgnk. i' T [;d/ihn nkfJnk, fbyh frnk. T[;dk j" I;bk fJE' I sZe tfXnk fe T[; B/ r[o{ ;kfjpkB d/fto[ ZX th ep'b p'bD/ F[o{ eo fd Zs / s / nkgD/ rO zE @;fsnkoE gOekF# ftZu r[o { BkBe ;kfjpih d/ fto[ ZX fJ; soQK dhnK pj[s rbs rZbK fbyhnK. fit/ I fe L
`BkBe ih ek nkF: s' I nZSk Ek gO zs { ftfdnk e[S Gh BjhI Eh. jK GkFk T[; d/F ehi' fe rokw' I eh j? T [;/ ikBs/ E/. t/d nkfd Fk;so n"o ;z;feOs e[S Gh BjhI ikBs/ E /. i 'ikBs/ j's / s ' @fBoG:# Fpd e' @fBoGT[# feT[ I fbys/< n"o fJ;ek fdOFNKs T[Bek pBk:k;z;feOsh fJ;'sO j?, ukjs/ e/ fe w? I ;z;feOs w/ I Gh gr nVkT{ I gozs{ fpBQK gY/ ;z;fe qs e?; /nk ;esk j?< jK T[B rOkwhD' e/ ;kwB/ fe fiBj' I B/ ;z;fe Os eGh ;[Bk Gh BjhI EK ;z;feOshpBkeo ;z;feOs e/ Gh gzfvs pB rJ/ j ' Ir /. Gbk :kj pks ngB/ wkB gOfsFmk n"o nkgdhgOy:ksh eh fJSk e/ fpBK eGh B eos/. T[Be' ngBh gOfsFmk eh fJSk ntF: Eh BjhI s' Ii ?;h GkFk ikBs/ E / ejs/ ojs/ n"o :j Gh efj d/s / fe w? I ; z;feOs BjhI gYk. ip e[SnfGwkB Ek s' I wkB gOfsFmk e/ bhJ/ e[S dzG Gh fe:k j'rk< fJ;/ bJh T[Be/ rO zE w/ ijKsjK t/d ' I eh fBzdk n"o fJ;s[fs Gh j?, feT[Ife i' n?;k B eos/ s' I T [B;/ Gh e'Jh t/d eknoE g{Ssk, ip B nksk sp gOfsFmk BFN j'sh, fJ; bhJ/ gfjb/ jh ngB/ fFFhUI e/;kwB/ ejhI ejhI t/d ' I e / fto[X p'bs/ E/ n"o ejhI ejhI t/d e/ bhJ/ nSk Gh ejk j?, feT[ Ifei' ejhI nSk B efjs/ s ' b 'r T[Be' Bkf;se pBks/, i ?; / L
t/d gzvs pOfjwk w'o ukd' I ejkBh|;zs (;kX) fe wfjzwk t/d B ikB/|
(;[ywBh ;kfjp)BkBe pOjwfrnkBh nkg gow/Fto|
(;[ywBh ;kfjp)
fenk t/d gVB/ tkb/ wo rJ/ n"o BkBe ih nkfd ngB/ e' nwo ;wMs/ E/< fenk t/BjhI wo rJ/< t/d s' I ;G ftdk:' I ek Gzvko j?, gO zs { i ' uko' I t /d ' I eh ejkDh ej/ T[;eh ;Gpks ejkDh j?. i ' w {oy' I ek Bkw ;zs j'sk j ? t / ftuko/ t /d ' I eh wfjwk eGh BjhI ikB ;es/!
i' BkBe ih t/d ' I jh ek wkB eos/ s ' T[Bek ;wgOdk: B ubsk B t/ r[o{ pB ;es/ E /feT[ Ife ;z;feOs ftfdnk s'I gV/ jh BjhI E/ s' d {;o/ e ' gVk eo fFFJ/ e ?; / pBk ;es/ E /.
:j ;Zu j? fe fi; ;w: BkBe ih gzikp w/ I j[J / E / T[; ;w: gzikp ;z;feOs ftfdnk;/ ;otEk ofjs w[;bwkB' I ;/ ghfVs Ek. T [; ;w: T[jB' I B/ e [S b'r' I e ' puk:k. BkBe ihe/ ;kwB/ e[S T[Bek ;wgOdk: tk pj[s ;/ fFFJ/ BjhI j[J/ E/, feT[ Ife nftXtkB' w/ I :/jukb j? fe wo/ ghS/ T[Be' f;X pBk b/s / j? I. g;uks pj[s ;k wkjksw: eoe/ fJFto e';wkB wkB b/s/ j? I.
jK! BkBe ih pV/ XBkY:' n"o oJh; Gh BjhI E//. gOzs{ T[Be/ u/b'I B / @BkBe uzdo'd:# n"o@iBw;kyh# nkfd w/ I pV/-pV/ n?Fto: tkb/ E /, fbyk j?. BkBe ih pOjwk nkfd ;/ fwb/,pVh pks uhs eh, ;G B/ fJBeK wkBJ/ fenk, BkBe ih e/ fttjk w/ I pj[s ;/ x'V /, oE,jkEh, ;'B/, uKdh w'sh gBk nkfd osB' I ; / i [V / j'J / n"o nw[bJ/ osB' I ek gkoktko B Ekfbyk j?. Gbk :' rg'V / BjhI s ' fenk j?< fJ;w/ fJBe/ u /b ' I ek d'F j? BkBe ih ek BjhI.
d{;ok i' T[Be/ ghS/ T[Be/ bVe/ ; / T[dk;h ub/ n"o okwdk; nkfd ;/ fBowb/. fesB/jh rdh tkb' I B / GkFk pBkeo rO zE w/ I oyh j?. noEks fJBek r[o{ r 'fp zd f;zx ih d;wkj[nk. T[Be/ ghS/ T [; rozE w/ fe;h eh GkFk BjhI fwbkJh fezs { tjK sZe e/ fisB/ S'N /-S 'N /g[;se E/ T[B ;pe' fJeZm/ eoe/ fibd pzdtk dh. fJB b'r' I B / Gh BkBe ih e/ ghS/ pj[s;h GkFk pBkJh. fesB' I jh B/ BkBk g Oeko eh g[okD 'I eh fwfEnk eEk e/ s [bkJ/ pBk dhJ/ g O zs {pOjw frnkBh nkg gOw /Fto pD e/ T[; go eow' I gkFBk S'veo fJBe/ fFF:/ M [es/ nkJ/.fJ;B/ pj[s fprkV eo dhnk, BjhI i' BkBe ih B/ e [S Grsh ftF/F JhFto eh fbyh EhT[;/ eos/ nks/ s' nZSk Ek.
np T[dk;h ejs/ j? I jw pV/, fBowb/ efjs/ j? I jw pV/, nekbh sEk ;{soj;kJhejs/ j ? fe ;ot'gkoh jw j? I.
fJBw/ r'fp zd f;zx ih ;{otho j[J/, i' w [;bwkB' B / T[Be/ g[o {FkT[ I e ' pj[s ;k d[yfdnk Ek T[B;/ t ?o b ?Dk ukjs/ E / gozs{ fJBe/ gk; e[S ;kwroh B Eh n"o T[Xo w[;bwkB'I ehpkdFkjh j' ojh Eh fJBj'I B/ J/e g[oFuoD eotkfJnk. gOf;ZXh eh fe w[Me ' d/th B / to n"oyVr fdnk j? fe s[w w[;bwkB' I ;/ bV', s[wjkok fpi:/ j'rk. pj[s ;/ b 'r T[Be/ ;kEh j'rJ/ n"o T[jB' I B/, i?;/ tkwwkofrT[I B / @gzuweko# ueqKfes' I B / @gzu ;z;eko# ubkJ/ t ?; /@gzu eeko# noEks fJBe/ gzu eeko :[ZX e/ T[g:'rh E/. J/e @e/F# noEks fi;e/ oyB/ ;/ bVkJh w/IbeVh n"o sbtko ;/ e[S pukt j', d{;o @ezrD# i' f;o e/ T[go grVh w/ I nekbh b 'roys/ j ? I n"o jkE w/ I @eVk# fi;;/ jkE n"o f;o pu ;e/I. sh;ok @ekS# noEks ik~ e/T[go J/e iKfxnk fe i' d"VB/ n"o e{dB/ w / I nSk j'sk j?, pj[s eoe/ nykV/ e/ wZb n"o BNGh fJ;e' fJ;h bJh XkoD eos/ j ? fe fi;;/ ;oho ek wowfJ;pkB puk oj/ n"o nNekt B
j'. u"Ek @ezxk# fe fi;;/ e /; ;[Xos/ j ?. gKutK @eku{# (eod) fi;;/ Fso{ ; / G /N GNekj'D/ ;/ bVkJh w/ I ekw nkt/, fJ; bJh :j ohfs r'fpzd f; zx ih B/ nkgDh p[Xh wZsk ; / T [;;w/ I e / bhJ/ (eh) Eh np fJ; ;w/ I w / I T [Bek oyBk e[S T[g:'rh BjhI j ?, gO zs { np i' :[X e/gO:'iB e/ bhJ/ pks/I eostJ/ Eh T[Be' Xow e/ ;kE wkB bh j?.
w{osh g{ik s' I Bjh I eos/ fezs{ T[;;/ ftF /F rO zE eh g{ik eos/ j? I fenk :j w{oshg{ik BjhI j ?< fe;h iV gdkoE e/ ;kwB/ f;o M[ekBk tk T[;eh g{ik ;G w{osh g{ik j?. i ?; /w{osh tkb' I B / nkgDh d[ekB iwkeo ihftek mkYh eh j?, t:/ fJB b'r' I B / Gh eo bh j/ i ?; /g[ikoh b'r w{osh ek doFB eoks/, G/N uVtks/ j? I t ?; / BkBe gzEh b'r rozE eh g{ik eos/eoks/, G/N Gh uVtks/ j? I noEks w{osh g{ik tkb/ fisBk t/d ek wkB: eos/ j? T[sBk :/ b'r rOzE;kfjp tkb/ BjhI eos/<
jK :j ejk ik ;esk j? fe fJjB' I B/ t/d ' I e ' ; [Bk Bk d/yk fenk eo/ I< i' ;[BB/ n"od'yB/ w / nkt / I s' I p [XhwkB b'r i' fe jmh d[okrOfj BjhI j? I t ' ;p ;wgOdk:/ tkb / t /dwZs w/ Ink iks/ j ? I g O zs { fJB ;p B/ G'iB ek ty/Vk pj[s ;k jNk fdnk j ? i ?; / fJB'e jNkfJnk t?; /ftF:k Fesh d[ofGwkB e' Gh jNkeo t/dwZs eh T[Bsh eo/ I s' I pj[s nSh pks j?.&
(;fsnkoE gOekF, ;zws 1939 fpL)
BkwXkoh bfjo dh pd"bs f;ZyK nzdo fJZe j 'o fpwkoh Gh fJ; t/b/ s Ze uzr/ yzGfybkoh p?mh ;h. r[o { v zw dk th uzrk p'b pkbk ;h. fJZe gk;/ fBozekoh, d{i/ gk;/ BkwXkohshi/ gk;/ r [o{ nzFK d/ e[M ;kfjp}kd/. pkpk y/w f;zx ih p/dh nkfd i' r [o{ nzF ft Zu ' I ;B,T[j jo EK jh f;Zy ; zrsK nzdo nfijk gOuko jh eo oj/ ;B s/ T[BQK dh fJ; rZb ftZue[ ZM f;Zy oki/ wjkokfink dk wdJh j 'Dk s/ jK ft Zu jK fwbkT[D dk ekoB th ;h.
1873 d/ nzs ft Zu fJ;kJhns d/ jVQ nzdo fwFB ;e{b nzfwOs;o d/ uko bVe/fJ;kJh pDB jh b Zr / ;B fe f;Zy ;zrsK ~ gsk br fgnk. fJ; dk f;ZyK B/ pj[s p[okwBkfJnk s/ pVhnK e'fFFK wro'I T[B Q K bVfenK ~ gfss j'D' puk fbnk frnk. go fJ;rZb B/ f;ZyK ~ N[ zp fdZsk s/ T[jBK B/ wfj;{; ehsk fe i/ fJ; bfjo dk w[ekpbk eoB bJhe'Jh ukok Bk ehsk frnk sK fJ; d/ fGnkBe f;ZN/ fBebDr/. ;' f;Zy w[ ZyhnK tZb ' I fJ;fpwkoh dh o 'eEkw bJh 1874 ftZu jh, nzfwOs;o ftZu ;Oh r[o{ f;zx ;Gk ekfJw eo bJh.T[jBhI fdBhI jh id' I frnkBh ih B/ f;Zyh XkoB eo bJh sK r[bkpdk;hJ/ fgZN T[m/. T[jBkB/ fJZe fJFfsjko eZfYnk fi; ftZu fbfynk ;h-`;[fDnk iKdk j? fe GkJh fds f;zx ihr[bkpdk;h ws dh cehoh dh jkbs ftZu fuo ekb sZe nG/ g[o, sfj;hb yoV, f}bQknzpkbk ft Zu e[Nhnk tk;s/ S 'Nk fijk prhuk pDKd/ oj/ jB ns/ bKG/ SKp / d / fg zvK ftZu r[o{pD eo nkgD/ nkg dh g {ik eotk jB, T[j b'e j[D sZe fJBQK ~ r[o{ w zBd/ oj/ ns/ G/Nkg {ik d/ Id / oj/.& frnkBh ih B/ fJ; d/ T[^so ftZu fbfynk fe u{ zfe w/oh w[Y ' I jh b'eK ~fJj B;hjs d/D dh nkds ojh j? fe wVQhnK eZpoK Bk g{i', fJjBK ftZu e[ ZM BjhI j?, ; '
w/ohnK nfijhnK n;odkfJe rZb' I s' I g OGkfts j' e/ pj[s ;ko/ b 'e w/oh fJ}s GktBk eoBbZr gJ/ ;B s/ ni/ s Ze th eod/ jB. go fJBQK r[bkpdk;h ; zsK ~ j[D w/oh fJ}s vokT[DbZr gJh j?, id w?I n;bh frnkB jk;b eoe/ fJBQ K Bebh ;zsk dk ;kE SZv fdZsk j?. w? IfJj uzrh soQK ikD fbnk j? fe fJj b'e fJZe nekb g[oy d/ g [ikoh BjhI, ;r' Q I b 'eK ~nkgD/ gOGkt EZb / fbnk e/ tkX { GowK s/ G [b /fynK ftZu c;Kd/ jB. fJj ;wM e/ jh id w? IfJBQK dk ;kE SZv fdZsk j? sK nZi fJBQ K ~ w? I p [ok bZr fojk jK.
nkohnk ;wki s/ f;Zyh Lnkohnk ;wki nkgD/ nkg ~ g[oksBsk d/ nbzpVdko efjzd/ jB, go n;b ftZu fJj
B[eskuhBK ns/ JhoyktkdhnK dk ;w{ zj j?. ;[nkwh d:k Bzd 1877 Jh;th ftZu gzikpnkfJnk s/ g Ouko eoB bJh eJh G[b /y/ gkJ / s / pj[s ;ko/ b 'eK ~ nkgD/ g?o'eko pDk fbnk.w[;bwkB Gkt/ I fe zB / th fYb/ ;B, go w}jph s"o s/ T[j c/o th gZe/ s/ nkgD/ fynkbK ftZufdOVQ ;B. j}os w[jzwd ;kfjp fto[ ZX @;fsnkoE gOekF# ftZu e[ ZM bci fbyD s/ w[;bwkBGVe gJ/ s/ T[BQK B / uko nkohnk ;wkih esb th eo fdZs/.
Xow gOuko dh nDj' Id ekoB, nkw f;Zy nkgD/ nkg ~ fjzd{nK dk fjZ;k ;wM oj/;B. ;' ; [nkwh d:k Bzd d/ g Ouko ;dek f;Zy XVkXV gfss j'D bZr/, e/; eNk-eNk fjzd {pDB bZr /, go fJ; ;w/ I dh fBxodh jkbs s/ ;[nkwh d:k Bzd d/ wko{ jwb/ B/ e [ ZM e"wdodhnK d/ wB ft Zu vkYh dod g?dk ehsh ns/ T[jBK ~ brB brk fdZsh fe T[j fJ; wko{jwb/ ~ o'eD bJh w?dkB ftZu T[soB. ;' nfij/ eJh r[of;ZyK dh fwjBs s/ fdOVQsk dk;dek T[; ;w/ I f;zx ;Gk dh wjkB bfjo ti{d ftZu nkJh, fi; B/ f;Zy e"w ~ fJZe tkofco Bt/I f;foUI iE/pzd eo fdZsk. frnkBh fdZs f;zx ih B/ T[; ;w/I nkohnk ;wkih ;[nkwh BkbNZeo bJh s/ r[owfs d/ nNZb n;{bK Bkb T[; ~ seVh jko fdZsh. frnkBh ih B/ fs zB tko;[nkwh Bkb pfj; ehsh s/ fszB / tko T[;~ jko fdZsh.
id frnkBh ih nkohnk ;wkihnK d/ fto[X j' rJ/ s/ T[jBK d / nvzpoK d/ id gkiT[y/VB bZr/ sK nkohnk ;wkihnK B/ th r [bkp dk;hnK dh soQ K nkg d/ fto[ ZX gquko ehsk.T[jBK B/ fJj f;ZX eoB dh e'fFF ehsh fe fJj nkohnk ;wki d/ jh pkrh g[oF jB.
1874 ftu nzfwqs;o ftu ;G s' I gfjbK f;zx ;Gk pDh, go T[j eJhnK ekoBKeoe/ fY Zbh g? rJh ;h.
1878 ftu jh Uohn? INb ekbi d/ fJjBK nzfBB f;ZyK ~ r[of; Zyh dk gq /w ikrfgnk. ;' 1879 ftu bkj"o ftu th f;zx ;Gk ekfJw j' rJh. gq 'H r[ow[y f;zx s/ frnkBhfds f;zx ih B/ nkgD/ ftuko fby e/ SkgD/ F[o{ eo fdZs/, fiBQK B/ fJjBK fynkbK ~ngBkfJnk T[jBK B/ nkg'-nkgD/ Ffjo s/ e;p/ ftu f;zx ;GktK pBkDhhnK F[o{ eofdZshnK ns/ fJj ;G bkj"o f;zx ;Gk Bkb ;zp zfXs j[ zdhnK rJhnK. f;zx ;GktK dk tZvkT[d/F-}ks-gks dh fBy/Xh s/ f;Zy Xow d/ fB:wK ~ gqukoBk ;h. ;[nkwh d:k Bzd dh SZgh
g[;se @;fsnkoE gqekF# ftu f;Zy r[o{ ;kfjpkB dh FkB ftu nDj'J / Fpd fbyD d/ ekoBGkoh fto'X T[m yVk j'fJnk ;h. f;Zy fJe dw jh T[B QK d/ fynkbK d/ fto'Xh j' rJ/ s / j[Djkbs fJj j' rJh fe fiE/ nZr/ ; [nkwh d:k B zd f;Zy n;EkBK s/ nkgDhnK ;ghuK eodk;h, T[E / j [D T[j f;ZyK dh Feb d/y e/ jh xpokT[ Idk ;h.
f;zx ;Gk bfjo dk w[ Zy T[d /F f;Zy Xow dk gquko jh ;h, go fJ; d/ Bkb ;w/ I d /tksktoB dk n;o sK T[; s/ j'Dk jh ;h. eJh EkJhI g[ikohnK dhnK tXhehnK s/ ew}'ohnKfto[X th nktk} T[mh, fi; s' I g [ikohnK B/ r[odtkfonK ftu f;zx ;Gk d/ dhtkB eoB iKT[jBK d/ nkT[D ikD T[s/ e[M pzdFK bk fdZshnK go f;zx ;Gk bfjo g{o/ i 'pB s/ j'D ekoBg[ikoh th ;fjw/ j 'J/ ;B s/ pkpk y/w f;zx ih ~ jkBh j' ojh ;h. fJ; ;w/ I f;Zy fto'XhnKtb' I nzfw qs;o s/ bkj"o f;zx ;Gk ftu MrVk yVQk ehsk frnk s/ T[; ftu }ks-gks dk;[nkb nZr / fbnKdk frnk. gq 'H r[ow[y f; zx ih ~ BhthI }ks (bKroh) nkfd efj e/fsq;ekfonk frnk. (feT[ Ife T[jBK d/ fgsk eg{oEb/ d/ okik fpeqw f;zx d/ bKroh ;B) s/frnkBh fds f;zx ih sK j? jh oftdk;hJ/ ;B, ;' fJ; bJh fJjBK d'jK f;zx ;Gk d/ w'YhnKfto[X }ks-gks dk ftseok gk e/ th nzfwqs;o dh f;zx ;Gk tb' I gquko ehsk frnk. fJXo' Ibkj"o f;zx ;Gk tZb ' I th pkpk y /w f;zx ih d/ fto[X nypko ftu b/y fby/ rJ/. r[o{ vzwdh th fBy/Xh ehsh rJh. bkj"o f;zx ;Gk tb' I c [N ~ d{o eoB dh e'fFF th ehsh rJh.
bkj"o tkfbnK B/ f; zx ;Gk s'V e/ ykb;k dhtkB ;Ekfgs eo fbnk s/ nkohnk;wkihnK s/ r[o{ v zw fto[X }'odko w[fjzw F[o{ eo fdZsh. nS{s T[Xko s/ nBzd fttkj d/gquko dk gq 'rokw pDkfJnk frnk s/ yzv /-pkN / dk nzfw qs SekfJnk ikD bZrk. fJ; ;w/ Ibkj"o ftu gzikph gq ?; th y'b Q fdZsk frnk, ykb;k nypko th fBefbnk fi; d/ n?vhNofrnkBh fds f; zx ih fB:[es j'J /.
g[ikoh fJ; vo d/ wko/ fe fJj f;zx ;Gk bfjo ;k~ e'Jh B[e;kB Bk gjz [ukt/, fJ;bfjo Bkb ftu' I ftu y[D; yKd/ ;B, go ni/ se T[B QK ~ e'Jh w"ek j ZE Bjh I ;h bZrk. d {i /pzB/ r [o{ vzw d/ fto[ ZX @ykb;k# nypko dk g quko p/dh ;kfjpikfdnK ~ ;sk fojk ;h. pkpky/w f;zx ih dk wjkokik oDihs f;zx ih d/ wro' I f; Zy wjkokfinK s/ nzr q /}K d/ okidopko ftu Gkoh g[S gqshs s/ ;fseko ekfJw j' u[ Zek ;h. go fco th eJh f;Zy wjkoki/,Gkt/ I p'bd/ sK BjhI ;B, go fdb' I pkpk y/w f;zx d/ r[o{ vzw d/ fto[X ;B. wjkokik jhokf;zx BkGk, ezto fpeow f;zx s/ GkJh ekjB f;zx ih BkGk B / th ekch wdd ehsh. ;' e [M;wK f;zx ;Gk bfjo d/ fto'XhnK dh e [M g/F Bk rJh, go id cohde'NhnK B/ ; qh r [o{ r q zE;kfjp dk Nhek eotkT[D dk gq 'rokw pDkfJnk, T[; t/b / e"w d/ ekch ftdtkB fJeso j'J/.gq ' H r[ow[y f;zx ih th Fkfwb j'J/. T[E/ brGr pkeh ;ko/ frnkBh ;BksBh fynkbK d/ ;B,fJ; bJh gq 'H r[ow[y f;zx ih B/ fJsok} ehsk fe fJ; ftu ;ko/ ftdtkBK dh ;bkj b?D dhb'V BjhI j ? s/ r[o{ rq zE ;kfjp d/ noEK ~ s[;h I wy"b Bk ;wM' fe i' e[M e'Jh ukj/ noEeo d/t /. gq 'c ?;o ih B/ ;kc s"o s/ efj fdZsk fe ;BksBh fynkbK d/ frnkBh r[o{ r q zE
;kfjp d/ mhe noE BjhI eo ;ed/. y/w f;zx ih, feT[ Ife ;BksBh ftukoK d/ ekch jkwh;B, fJ; bJh T[jBK pj[s p[ok wBkfJnk. 1886 ftu ezto fpeow f;zx ih d/ ;[ortk;j'D wro' I p/dh ;kfjp B/ fJe whfNzr p[bkJh fi; ftu f;oc nzfwqs;ohJ/, T[jBK d /jwkfJsh s/ g[ikoh f;zx jh ;Zd/ rJ/. w"ek d/y e/ T [jBK c ?;bk eo fdZsk fe gq 'H r[ow[yf;zx ~ f;Zyh s' I S /e fdZsk ikJ/. ;', 17 wkou 1887 ~ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp d/ j?vg[ikoh, ;qh dopko ;kfjp, r[od[nkok pkpk nNb, Mzvk p[ zrk s/ Fjhd rzi d/ g [ikohnK d/d;sysK j/m j[ewBkwk ikoh ehsk frnk fe @gq ' H r [ow[y f;zx f; Zyh s'I S /e / iKd / jB,feT[ Ife T[BQ K B / ; qh rq zE ;kfjp d/ Nhe/ fij/ wjkB ezw ftu ftxB gkT[D dh e'fFF ehshj?.#
fJ; ;ok;o BikfJ} tXheh s/ ubkeh B/ frnkBh ih d/ wB ftu fJzBk i'F Go fdZskfe T[jBK B/ B'N;K okjhI s / nypko okjh I T[; j[ewBkw / dh g[o}'o w[ykbcs eoe/ T[; dhnKXihnK T[vk fdZshnK. fJ; g[o pkpk y/w f;zx ih ns/ T [jBK d/ j 'o e[M ;kEhnK ~ jZEK g?oKdhnK g ? rJhnK. frnkBh ih B/ r[o{v zw g[ikohnK dhnK joesK s/ e[M f;Zy ;odkoK dh fJBQKBkb fwbh-G[rs ~ y{p BzfrnK ehsk. frnkBh ih B/ fJe @;[gB BkNe# d/ Bkw EZb / vokwkfbfynk s/ T [; ftu jk; o; Bkb fJBQK d/ g 'b y'b Q e/ T[B QK dh fwZNh gbhs ehsh ns/ fJjBKd/ ekoBkfwnK dh j{-p-j{ s;tho fyZu e/ oZy fdZsh fe fet/ I vzph r[o{ b 'eK e'b ' I nkgD/nkg ~ g[ikT[ Id / jB s/ fJj g[ikohnK Bkb fwb e/ fet/ I f;Zy Xow ~ B[e;kB g[uk oj/ jB.fJ; BkNe ftu frnkBh ih B/ fJj ;ko/ gkso pDk bJ/, i' ;uw[u jh f;Zy gzE ~ jkBh g[ukoj / ;B, y"c iK vo B/ T[B QK ~ fJj ;ukJh gqrN eoB' I Bk o'fenk. fJj BkNeh eh ;h! T[B QKg[ikohnK dh g{oh s;tho ;h fe fJj gzE ftu eh gkoN ndk eo oj/ jB.
pkpk ;[w /o f;zx wjzs gNBk ;kfjp s/ pkpk y/w f;zx ih sK fJ; BkNe ~ gVQd/ ;ko;V pb T[m/. ;' T [d ? f; zx p/dh ih ~ nZr/ bkfJnk frnk s/ frnkBh ih fto[X w [edwk ubtke/ gq ?; s/ nypko d'B' I p zd eotk fdZs /. frnkBh ih jZEb j' e/ pfj rJ/. xo dk you ns/w[edw/ dk you f;o s/ nk fgnk. fco fJ; ;w/I jh frnkBh ih fto[X nkohnk ;wkihnK,r[bkp dk;hnK s/ fJBQK r[o{ v zw d/ gqukoeK tb' I fJFfsjko th eZY / rJ/ s/ frnkBh ih ~szr eoB bJh T[BQK dk jo okj o'eD dk :sB ehsk frnk. bkj"o ndkbs ftu eJh fuofJj w[edwk ubdk fojk. frnkBh ih fto[X fJ; w[edw/ ftu Gkt/ I pE/o/ gkgV t/b/ rJ/,go frnkBh ih fdb SZvD tkb/ BjhI ;B. nkg B/ g{oh fvc? I; ehsh s/ fJ; ezw ftu gq 'Hr[ow[y f; zx ih B/ th vN e/ wdd ehsh, nyho ndkbs B/ frnkBh ih ~ 51 o[gJ/ }[owkBkehsk. nghb eoB s/ fJ; }[owkB/ s ' I th frnkBh ih poh j' rJ/. Gkt/ I, wkbh s"o s /frnkBh ih ~ pVk Gkoh XZek b Zrk go gzE s/ }ks-gks d/ fjwkfJshnK ~ fJe tkoh Gkohjko dk w{ zj d/yDk fgnk.
nypko s/ gq ?; pzd j'D Bkb f;zx ;Gk bfjo ~ Gkoh B[e;kB g[ik, go w[edw/ s ' Iftjb/ j [ z fdnK jh frnkBh ih B/ fco nkgDhnK e'fFFK ikoh eo fdZshnK. gq 'H r [ow[y f;zxB/ th fJ; ezw ftu fjZ;k gkfJnk, 1890 d/ eohp d' YkJh ;kb wro' I nypko s/ gq ?; w[Vukb { eo fdZs / rJ/. fJe tko fco fJBQK d/ b /yK s / b ?euoK B/ X[ zwK wuk fdZshnK s/ g zEfto'XhnK d/ g?o T[yVB br gJ/, r[o{ vzwhnK ~ GkiV g?Dh F[o{ j' rJh. r[o{ vzw s 'I puDs/ y [dro}K dhnK ukbK ftu Bk c;D tkbhnK nghbK th fJjBK tb' I SkghnK rJhnK.r[owfs nB[;ko ftnkj eoB dk gquko th ykb;k dhtkB d/ g qp zXeK tb' I ehsk frnk s /wBwsK dk GotK yzvB ehsk frnk. nypko okjhI b 'eK ftu r[ows nB[;ko ftnkj dh b'Vpko/ g quko ehsk frnk. fi; d/ cb;o{g Gkoh frDsh ftu ftnkj r[ows nB[;ko j'D / F [o {j' rJ/.
fJ; s' I fJbktk r[opkDh s/ r[o { GktK d/ noEK s/ r[owfs fcbk;ch pko / frnkBh ihB/ yk; b/y fbyD/ F[o{ eo fdZs/ s/ fJ; Gkt dk }'odko gquko ehsk fe X[o eh pkDh,r[opkDh d/ j [ zfdnK j'o fe;/ d/jXkoh r[o{ dh b'V BjhI, b 'V e/tb nzfw qs SeD ns/ r [o {r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ do;kJ/ T[gd/F T[ ^s / ubD dh j?.
T[jBK fdBK ftu dopko ;kfjp dh gqeowk s/ doFBh fvT[Yh ftu ns/ j'o eJhEkJhI th w{oshnK gJhnK j[ zdhnK ;B. frnkBh ih B/ fJ; wBws dk th g{o/ } 'o Bkb yzvBehsk s/ p[s gq;sh s' I f;ZyK ~ o'fenk. fi; dk n;o fJj j'fJnk fe S/sh jh doFBhfvT[Yh ftu fijV/ p [s nkfd oy/ j [ zd / ;B, g[ikohnK tb' I u[e fdZs/ rJ/. go goeowk ftuw{osh g{ik w[e zwb s"o s / nekbh bfjo ;w/ I jh nk e/ pzd j'Jh. fJ; d/ Bkb jh frnkBh ihB/ S{s-Sks fto[X th X{ znK Xko b/y fbyD/ F[o{ eo fdZs/. fJjBK rZbK s' I g [ikoh s/ ;opokjpj[s s zr j' oj/ ;B, feT[ Ife T[; ;w/I ;qh dopko ;kfjp ns/ ;qh nekb s]s ;kfjp T[ ^s /g[ikohnK dk ep}k ;h s/ T[E/ Gkoh S{s Sks dk fynkb oZfynk iKdk ;h.
j[D frnkBh ih B/ T[; ;w/ I d/ wjzsK s/ g [ikohnK ~ u/sktBhnK d/DhnK F[o { eofdZshnK fe r[owfs d/ T[bN ekotkJhnK j'o BjhI ;jkohnK ikDrhnK. i/ g[ikoh T[; t/b /;zGb iKd/ s / FkfJd nekbh bfjo ni/ Bk ubdh, fi; B/ fe g[ikohnK s/ wjzsK dk ykswk jh eofdZsk. go wkfJnk d/ b'Gh S/sh BjhI ;wMd/. wjzs Gkt/I T[; t/b/ Bk ;zGb/, go frnkBh ih d/ g qukodk Nhek e"w ftu p/o'e brkdk ubk frnk. r[o{ v zw s' I puD bJh th f;Zy ;zrsK ~ nghbKehshnK rJhnK.
d{;o/ gk;/ eJh dzGh s/ gyzvh b'e r[owfs ~ rbs wbs eoB bJh r[o{ r q zE ;kfjpih d/ noEK d/ nBoE eo oj/ ;B, fi; d/ Bkb wBws dk gquko j' fojk ;h s/ pkDh d /n;bh Gkt noE BjhI dZ;/ iKd / ;B. frnkBh ih B/ r [opkDh d/ r{V Q noEK dh ftnkfynk s /b ?euoK okjh I eoBh F [o{ eo fdZsh s/ y [d th eJh EkJh I gj [ zu e/ d zGhnK ~ jko fdZsh. fJ;
rZb T[s/ yk; }'o fdZsk fe r[opkDh d/ j z [fdnK e'Jh d/jXkoh r[o{ BjhI j' ;edk ns/ nzfwqsSZe e/ jh r [o{ BkBe r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih d/ n;bh f;Zy pD ;ehdk j?.
frnkBh ih B/ b /yK ftu S{s-Sks eoB tkb / g[ikohnK ~ e[ofjshJ/ s/ sBykjhJ/eoko fdZsk s/ f;Zy ;zrsK ~ fJ; fto[X B\os g?dk j'Jh. nS{s ikshJ/ f;zxK ~ e[M j'Fnk rJh s/ T[BQK ftu' I th eJh f;nkD/ ;ZiD fJ; }[bw fto[X iE/p zd j'D bJh fJe d{i / ~gq /oBk eoB br gJ/, fiBQK d/ T[dw dk ;dek ykb;k pqkdohnK j' Id ftu nkJhnK s/ fJjBKpqkdohnK d/ ftu nkJh ikros B/ jh nekbh bfjo dk nkozG ehsk.
ekch d/o s' I bkj"o s/ nzfwqs;o dhnK f;zx ;GktK ;'u ojhnK ;B fe e'Jh n?;h f;Zy;z;Ek ekfJw ehsh ikt/, fiZE' I f;Zy bVe/ f; Zy ;fGnsk s/ f;Zyh ihtB dh eDh b? e/ nkgD/ihtB d/ gfjb{nK ftu fBg[ zB j'D. Gkt /I pkpk y/w f;zx ih, bkj"o tkfbnK d/ fto'Xh ;B,go T[jBK dk fwbtosD }o{oh ;wfMnk frnk s/ gqp zX eoe/ pkpk y/w f;zx ih s/ j 'o eJh;odkoK ~ ;Zd / gZso G/i/ s/ bkoz; jkb ftu fJe Gkoh fJeZm ehsk frnk, fi; ftu fJ;ekoi (ykb;k ekbi dh ;EkgBk) bJh fJe ew/Nh pDkJh rJh, fi; d/ u/now?B pkpk y/wf;zx ih Ekg/ rJ/ s/ ;?eNoh d/ ezw bJh bkj"o d/ d' ;ZiD Bh:s j'J /. go fJj ekoi f;o/B uVQ ;fenk. gq 'H r[ow[y f;zx s/ frnkBh fds f;zx ih ~ pkpk ih fJ; ezw ftu d/yDkBjhI ukj[ zd / ;B, sK fco ezw fet/I ubdk < ;' fJ; dk Bshik fJj fBefbnk, ykb;k ekbidk ezw mzvk g? frnk.
fco wip{oB frnkBh ih B/ g q 'c ?;o ih ~ ;kok ezw ;zGkbD dh ;bkj fdZsh. 20cotoh, 1890 ~ fJe j'o T[u/uh fJeZsosk ;Zdh rJh, fi; ftu e[M n?; / ;odkoK ~ ;ZdkgZso G/i /, i ' T[jBK Bkb fwbtosD eo ;ed/ ;B s/ fJ; ezw d/ ukjtkB ;B. fJ; ftufJe ew/Nh ;o nso f;zx ih Gd"V tkfbnK dh gqXkBrh j/m ekfJw ehsh rJh, fi; d/ fizw/I ykb;kekbi dh ;ehw ~ nwbh o{g d /D dh fvT{Nh bkJh rJh.
id e[M czv fJeZm/ j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/ sK ftu' I MrVk yVk j' frnk fe ekbi bkj"o pD/iK nzfwqs;o. fJ; ;w/ I ; qH fdnkb f;zx ih wihmk i' T[x/ ;odkoK ftu' I ;B s/ n"bkd Bkj'D eo e/ bZyK o[gJ/ fJ; ekoi bJh d/D d/ fJSZe ;B, ekbi dk Bkw @fdnkb f;zx ekbi#oZyD s/ jh ;jkfJsk eoB bJh fsnko ;B. go frnkBh ih s/ gq ' H r[ow[y f;zx ih fJ; rZbs/ nV rJ/ fe ekbi sK ykb;k ekbi d/ Bkw s/ jh pDBk ukjhdk j?, go fJ; dk ckfJdkukbke nkohnk ;wkih T[mk rJ/ s / bkj"o ftu fdnkb f;zx ekbi dh T[;koh F[o{ j' rJh.
fJj d/y e/ g' qc ?;o ih s/ frnkBh ih B/ MZN jh nkgDh fJ ZSk ftu spdhbh b? nKdh s/ekbi ~ nzfwqs;o ftu jh y'bD bJh ok}h j' rJ/. fJ; go T[rokjh F[o{ j' rJh s/ e[M jh fdBKftu bZyK o [gJ/ fJeZm/ j' rJ/ s/ 5 wkou, 1892 JhH ~ gzikp d/ b ?cNhB? IN rtoBo ;oi/w} pqkvt[v bkfJb B/ nzfwqs;o s' I bkj"o ikD tkbh ioB?bh ;Ve/ d / ezY / s / nzfwqs;o s' I
fszB e[ whb d/ ck;b/ s/ fJ; ekbi dk BhIj gZEo oZy fdZsk. 22 nes{po, 1893 JhH ~jkJh ;e{b dh Feb ftu ekbi dh nkozGe o;w ndk ehsh rJh.
;w/ I dh B}kes ~ d/yfdnK j'fJnK bkj"o dhtkB tkfbnK fJj f;nk;s y/vh.feT[ Ife fJ; dhtkB ftu frnkBh fds f;zx, gq ' H r[ow [y f;zx fij/ d {ozd /F nkr{ ;B. T[jBK~ gsk ;h fe i/ fJe tkoh fe;/ B / fe;/ Yzr Bkb f;Zy e"w ~ f;Zyh dh r[VQsh fd Zsh sK e "wnkgD/ nkg nk}kd jh BjhI j ' ikt/rh, pbfe oki eoB d/ ekpb th j' ikJ/rh. fJ; bJhT[jBK B/ nzr q /} ;oeko Bkb NZeo b?D dh pikJ/ nzr q /}K Bkb ;wM"sk eo fbnk s/ p /fceo j'e/ e"w ~ f;Zyh d/D bZr gJ/.
nzrq /}K Bkb fwbtosD j'D eoe/ frnkBh ih c"ihnK ftu th gquko eoB fBeb iKd/.(fJj rZb :kd oZyD tkbh j? fe pknd ftu nekbh bfjo (1919-1925 JhH) ftu i' fj Z;kc"ihnK B/ gkfJnk ;h, T [j ;G frnkBh ih dh fdZsh f;Zyh dh r[V Qsh dk cb ;h.) feT[ Ifec"ih f;zx d{o doki nkgDh fvT{NhnK s/ iKd/ fi; dk fJj Bshik fJj j'fJnk fe ekch d{od{o se sZs r[owfs dk gquko nkozG j' frnk.
ykb;k ekbi ukb{ j'D T[gozs frnkBh ih B/ nkgDh nk:{ dk pkeh ;wK gquko bJh s/r[owfs ;kfjs bJh bk fdZsk. nkg ih d/ ;kfjs s/ g quko Yzr s' I t Zv / t Zv / oJh; gqGkftsj'J/. fJE' I se fe ;qH ;[ zdo f;zx ih wihmhnk, i' pknd ftu Fq 'wDh r[od[nkok gqpzXeew/Nh d/ gfjb/ gqXkB pD/, nkg ih d/ gquko d/ n;o ~ ep{fbnk s/ @ykb;k GkJhukok# Bkwdh iE/p zdh ekfJw ehsh.
gSVhnK Fq /DhnK d/ b 'e T[; ;w/ I Jh;kJh ws tZb/ gq /o / ik oj/ ;B feT[ Ifer[od[nkfonK d/ g [ikoh fJjBK ~ d[oekod/ ;B. g[ikohnK fto[X pV/ } 'odko Yzr Bkbnktk} T[mkJh. EK EK g[o ik e/ frnkBh ih B/ r [owfs n;{b b'ekJh se gjz [ukJ/. T[jBK ~f;Zyh tZb gq /fonk. frnkBh ih d/ g quko B/ f;Zy ;zrsK ftu Gkoh ikr qsh b? nKdh, EK goEK g[ikohnK dhnK BikfJ} joesK fto[X i}pk T[m yVk j'fJnk s/ T [jh i}pk nyhonekbh bfjo d/ w[ ZY ftu, gquzv o{g ftu gqrN j'fJnk, fi; B/ g[ikoh f;;Nw ~ cV e/ysw eo e/ oZy fdZsk.
r[of;Zyh bJh fgnko s/ FoXk, r[opkDh dk ;fseko s/ fBZs d/ ihtB ftu r[opkDhjh f;Zy dk ihtB nk;ok j?, fJBQK ftfFnK ~ gqrNkT[D bJh frnkBh ih d/ nB/eK b?euoj'J/, nB/eK w}w{B fby/ s/ g[;seK tkose ftu s/ eftsk ftu J/BhnK fbyhnK, fe T[jBKdh f}zdrh dk tX/o / ;wK f;Zyh d/ fgnko tZb jh brk fojk, Gkt/ I eJh MVgK s/ eJh tkohj/mhnK dk w{ zj th frnkBh ih B/ nkgD/ fto'XhnK s' I t /fynk, go fdb BjhI S Zfvnk, fJ; d/ftu coe BjhI nkT[D fdZsk, ;kfjp ebrhXo d/ fwFB d/ g quko ftu nkg B/ T[; ;w/ I J /Bk
fjZ;k gkfJnk, fe fi; dh ehws jh e'Jh BjhI, go nc;'; fe nZi frnkBh ih dhnK :kdKfes/ ;[gB/ tKr j' rJhnK jB, s/ e"w B/ nkgD/ jho/ dh ;zGkb BjhI ehsh.
frnkBh ih d/ g quko Yzr ;dek f;Zy jh BjhI pbfe ekch fjzd { gfotko th f;Zyh ftudkyb j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/. ;odko nso f;zx ih Gd"V tkb/, i' bkj "o ykb;k, dhtkB dh fizdikB ;B, 1895 ftu r[og [oh ik fpoki/. 1896 ftu f;zx ;Gk d/ w 'Yh g' q H r [ow[y f;zx ihth r[og [oh gXko rJ/, fJ; s' I fJbktk frnkBh ih d/ j'o th eJh ;kEh fJjBK ;kbK ftugqb'e rwB eo rJ/. fJXo' I frnkBh ih d / xo d/ jkbks ekch yokp j' rJ/. fJjBK dh;g[ Zsoh ekch bzwh fpwkoh T[gozs nekb ubkDk eo rJh, fi; dh phwkoh d/ ekch youehsk frnk. fJ; d/ cb;o{g xo dh jkbs nfs Bk}e j' rJh s/ 1901 ftu nypko thpzd j' frnk.
frnkBh ih th nzs fJ; n;ko ;z;ko s' I 6 ;szpo, 1906 ~ e{u eo rJ/ s / e "w ~ftbefdnK SZv rJ/.
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frnkBh fds f;zx ih dh F];hns
frnkBhtkB LfrnkBh fds f; zx ih g{oB ftdtkB ;B. T[jBK dh shyD p[ ZXh s / jk}o i[nkph s' I
tZv/ tZv/ X[ozXo ftdtkB th ezp iKd/ ;B. dfJnk Bzd, nkohnk ;wki dk w'Yh i' pkeh wsK~ fpBK fe;/ dbhb d/ S[fNnkT[D ftu ekch wkfjo nkgD/ nkg ~ ;wMdk ;h, nkg ih nZr/fJT[ I vodk ;h, fit/ I F/o s' I G/vK vodhnK jB.
d{o-nzd/F nkr{ Le"w dh fBxodh jkbs ~ fet/ I s/ fe; soQK ; [XkoBk j?, fJ; bJh d{ozd /Fh dk i'
;p{s T[jBK fdZsk, T[j fJe nkr{ ftu j'Dk }o{oh j?. T[jBK ~ gsk ;h fe e"w ~ i/ fJetkoh r[opkDh d/ bV bk fdZsk frnk sK T[j fdB d{o BjhI, id' I e "w nk}kdh d / ;[cB/bt/rh. Gkt/ I nkg ih ~ fJ; wB'oE dh g{osh bJh nzrq /}K Bkb rzY-so[g th eoBk fgnk,go n;{bK s/ ekfJw ofj e/ th n?;k ehsk frnk.
fBvo, fBoG? Lnkg ;Zuh rZb efjD bfrnK fMied/ BjhI ;B, Gkt/ I T [; dk nkg ih ~ fezBk th
w[nkt}k d/Dk fgnk j 't/. p /dh y/w f;zx, wjzs ;[w/o f;zx gNBk ;kfjp nkfd dh y[b Q / nkwfto'Xsk ehsh, i' nkgD/ nkg ~ f;Zy gzE d/ tkfjd B/sk nytkT[ Id / ;B. gq 'H r[ow[y f;zx
ih d/ fto[X fBeb/ j [ewBkw/ dhnK XihnK T[vk fdZshnK. fJE' I se fe fJfsjk;er[od[nkfonK d/ g[ikohnK ~, fiBQ K e'b r[ zv / th ;B, dh y/j ypVh T[vkJh.
fwsosk fBGkT[Dh LfrnkBh ih, g{oB r[of;ZyK tKr ;Zu/ fw Zso ;B s/ fiBQK ~ nkg B/ nkgD/ fwZso
pDkfJnk, T[jBK Bkb fwZsosk g{oh fBGkJh. 1886 JhH ftu gq 'H r [ow[y f;zx ih ~ nekbs]s ;kfjp dh e[tos'I eoe/ ekp} g[ikohnK, p/dh ;kfjpikfdnK, ;BksBh frnkBh ;dekid' I S /fenk frnk sK nkg B/ T[jBK wjzsK fto[X X{nKXko gquko ehsk s/ T[jBK d/ g ?o T[y/Ve/ oZy fdZs/. feE/ ;qh nekb s]s dk j[ewBkwk e"w B/ jo jkbs gkbD eoBk ;h s/ feE/fJj j[ewBkwk frnkBh ih dhnK fbysK, b?euoK nkfd Bkb T[ IM / dk T[ IM / Bfgnk ofjfrnk.
fdqVQ fJokdk Lr[opkDh r[of;Zy bJh ihtB dk okj j?. fJ; s/ s [oB Bkb wB[ Zy fdqVQ fJokd/ tkbk j'
iKdk j?. ;kok fJfsjk; rtkjh fdzdk j ? fe r[owfs ftu fdqVQ wB[ Zy nkgDk ;G e[M tko e/th fdb Bjh I jkod/. frnkBh ih th fJ;/ b'ohnK ftu gZb/ ;B. fJj' jh ekoB j? fe pkti{dfJBhnK w[;psK, w[edfwnK, rohph nkfd j'D s/ fdb BjhI jkfonk.
;[Xkoe LfrnkBh ih nBwshnK dh / eow-eKvK s/ e[ohshnK d/ t Zv / ;[Xkoe ;B. nkg dhnK
dbhbK, T[eshnK, :[eshnK dk fe;/ B/ th w[ekpbk Bk ehsk s/ nkg ih dh fJ; ekw:kph B/jh nkg dh gqf;Xsk ~ tXkfJnk. gSVhnK Fq/DhnK ~, i' T[; ;w/I Jh;kJh gkdohnK dh gq/oBk ;dekJh;kJh ws XkoB eo ojhnK ;B, ~ r[owfs ;wMk e/ r[of;Zyh dh c[btkVh nzdo Fkwbehsk.
nkg ih B/ nBzd ftnkj dk }'odko gquko ehsk. pqkjwDtkd tb' I gkJ/ rJ/G[b /fynK ~ d{o eoB bJh ekch ouBktK ouhnK, b ?euo fdZs /.
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