gis 2002 09 prsnttn naturualresourceinfomanagementworkshop
DESCRIPTION
https://foothillsri.ca/sites/default/files/null/GIS_2002_09_Prsnttn_NaturualResourceInfoManagementWorkshop.pdfTRANSCRIPT
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Foothills Model Forest
Natural Resource Information Management
Workshop
Christian Weik Julie Dugas
September 6th, 2002
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“I am not a teacher: only a fellow-traveler of whom you asked the way. I pointed ahead-ahead of myself as
well as you.” George Bernard Shaw
“Database Design for Mere Mortals”
– Michael Hernandez
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Outline (Presentation)
• Workshop objectives
• Glossary
• Why data management?
• Existing practices
• Evolving role of GIS Personnel
• RDBMS vs. Spreadsheet
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Outline (Presentation)…
• Database design process
• Mock design process
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Workshop Objectives
• Emphasize the importance of good data management
• Promote awareness to integrate better practices
• Teach simple skills for design and reporting
• Emphasize software independence
• Spread the word
• Tell us how this could be better
• Note that some principles we mention may not yet be the accepted culture in all organizations
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Glossary
• RDBMS
• Spreadsheet
• Row/record
• Column/field
• Database design
• Query/view
• Table
• Constraint
• Form
• Key
• Relationship
• Domain/validation
• Script/code
• Function
• Null
• Data integrity
• Metadata
• Parent table
• Child table
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Why Data Management?
• “…15 percent to greater than 20 percent of a companies operating revenue is spent doing things to get around or fix data quality issues.”
• “…Data quality issues cost US businesses $600 billion per year.”
• FMF fish and watershed crew spent 2 man months in the last two years fixing data problems.
• 80% of GIS effort spent on data management.
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Existing Practices
• Very little focus on data quality and management in natural resource management
• Little design effort – Little foresight for growth
– Little consideration for long-term usability (if the owner leaves the organization)
• No integrity
• No documentation
• Poor spatial descriptions of data
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Existing Practices…
• Local Level Indicators (LLI) example.
– Inability to report at a landscape scale.
– Different information, captured with poor documentation and very different formats.
• Enormous amount of time spent to compile relatively simple data.
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Evolving Role of GIS Personnel
• Traditional role of GIS
– Very isolated, specialized
– Reactive to needs of users
– Poor data planning and design resulting in poor information
– Enormous amounts of time repairing poor data for reporting purposes
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Evolving Role of GIS Personnel…
• Integration of non-spatial and spatial data management
• Proactive communication (inclusion) with project teams to define needs at project outset
• Facilitation of end-user application of GIS - less dependence on GIS team for simple GIS tasks (mapping, simple reporting)
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Evolving Role of GIS Personnel…
• Changes driving new role of GIS
– GIS group forced to deal with poor data
– Simpler tools allowing end users to perform mapping, querying and simple analysis
– Convergence of GIS and mainstream information technology (IT)
– Storage of spatial information in business databases (eg. Oracle, SQL server etc.)
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Evolving Role of GIS Personnel…
• Results – Better data; More accurate, timely and accessible
– Less time spent on maintenance
– Empowered users, less dependence on specialized staff
– Minimized data duplication, single source
– Data are more usable by other parties
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Evolving Role of GIS Personnel…
• GIS (or IT) group can play a more active role in data management planning
– Enable coordination with other groups (and data) in the organization
– Enable users to take ownership of the data
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RDBMS Vs. Spreadsheet
• Spreadsheets are excellent tools for reporting and summarizing data
• Spreadsheets are NOT designed to store relational databases
• Better data quality, access speed and versatility using a RDBMS
• Database integrity – The validity, consistency and accuracy of the data in a
database
– We will use database tools to ensure database integrity
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• End of sermon…
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Database Design Process
• GIS can be involved in the formal database design process
• Mission statement and mission objectives
• Conduct the user needs analysis
– Analyse the current database
– Interviews with users
• Establish table structures
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Database Design Process…
• Establish column list
• Establish key columns
• Establish table relationships
• Establish data integrity and business rules
• Define view and reports
• Perform preliminary testing
• Develop forms
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Database Design Process…
• Develop reports
• Final testing
• Load historical information if required
• User training
• Apply an iterative approach to development, review, testing
– Most problems occur in the gap between user needs and expectations and the database design
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Effort
Time
Loading
Needs Analysis
Training Development
Design
Reactive, exclusive
Proactive, integrated
Maintenance
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RDBMS
Access
Oracle etc
Data entry
Integrity checks
Excel
SPSS Word
ArcView Access
TOAD/Oracle ODBC/OLEDB
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Mock Design Process
• Vegetation survey database
• Criteria as follows:
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Mock Design Process…
• Vegetation plots
• Plots may be revisited
• Circular plot
• Capture tree, shrub, slope, aspect, photos
• Data will be key punched from field sheets
• Analysis will be performed using Excel and SAS
• Record data entry personnel
• Plots are in Willmore Wilderness area
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Mock Design Process
• Define the mission statement
• Define mission objectives
• Conduct the user needs analysis
– No existing database in place
– Interviews with users
– Discuss the business process with the ‘users’
• Establish table structures
• Establish column list
• Establish domain/validation lists
• Establish key columns
• Establish table relationships
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Mock Design Process…
• Establish data integrity and business rules (briefly)
• Define views and reports (not today)
• Perform preliminary testing (not today)
• Develop forms (not today)
• Develop reports (not today)
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Hands-on Creation of Database
• Create domain/validation tables
• Create tables
• Create columns – Create validation rules
• Establish a key field – Why use an auto-number primary key
– Auto-numbers vs. Codes in domain tables
– How to ensure no duplicates – indexes, unique constraints
• Document columns, tables
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Hands-on Creation of Database…
• Create relationships
– Enforcing integrity
– Cascading updates and deleted
– Relationships in queries
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Hands-on Query and Analysis
• Set database to confirm changes (options,edit,confirm)
• The query design grid
• Relationship properties
• Types of queries – Select
– Update
– Delete
– Append
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Hands-on Query and Analysis…
• Data summarizing – Max
– Min
– Average
– Count
• Data manipulation functions (worksheet functions) – Calculated columns
– Left, right, mid$
– IIF statement
– Distinct
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Query Data Using Other Tools
• Direct export
• Open database connectivity (ODBC)
• Excel, ArcView 3.X and 8.X
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Geodatabase
• Storage of spatial data in Microsoft Access (personal Geodatabase)
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Spatial (GIS)
Data
Non-Spatial
Data
Integrated
Database
(Geodatabase) •Access
•Oracle
•SQLServer
Geodatabase…
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Closing
• Questions?
• Feedback
• Complete evaluation form
• Follow-up survey