gis and layers

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GIS and LayersGIS and Layers

Developed by Oklahoma 4-HDeveloped by Oklahoma 4-H



Beginnings of GISBeginnings of GIS

Began in the 1960sBegan in the 1960s

Use was mainly in the public sectorUse was mainly in the public sector

Has roots in cartography and mappingHas roots in cartography and mapping

Major influence on geography in the 1980sMajor influence on geography in the 1980s

and 1990sand 1990s



Definition of GISDefinition of GIS

GGeographiceographic IInformationnformation SSystemystem

• ESRI defines GIS as: A collection of ESRI defines GIS as: A collection of

computer hardware, software, andcomputer hardware, software, and

geographic data for capturing,geographic data for capturing,

managing, analyzing, and displaying allmanaging, analyzing, and displaying all

forms of geographically referencedforms of geographically referencedinformation.information.



LayersLayers

Layers are a “slice of the geographicLayers are a “slice of the geographic

reality in a particular area” (ESRI)reality in a particular area” (ESRI)

They are similar to a map legendThey are similar to a map legend

Layers may describe physical,Layers may describe physical,biological, cultural, demographic,biological, cultural, demographic,

scale, etc. characteristicsscale, etc. characteristics



For Example:For Example:

• We have three maps (or layers) with yearlyWe have three maps (or layers) with yearly

rainfall, tree species, and soil type for arainfall, tree species, and soil type for a

specific area.specific area.

• By overlaying these maps, we couldBy overlaying these maps, we could

determine if the amount of yearly rainfalldetermine if the amount of yearly rainfall

has an effect on the type of tree that growshas an effect on the type of tree that grows

in certain soils.in certain soils.



Essentially GIS uses different layers toEssentially GIS uses different layers to

show the relationships between data.show the relationships between data.

Soil Type

Tree Species

Yearly Rainfall



ESRI example of GIS map and itsESRI example of GIS map and its

layerslayers



Components of GISComponents of GIS

HardwareHardware

• ComputerComputer

SoftwareSoftware

• Computer programComputer program

DataData

• Collected, bought, or freeCollected, bought, or free



Uses of DataUses of Data

Find features or patternsFind features or patterns

Quantities and density mapsQuantities and density maps

Changes in a specific areaChanges in a specific area Anticipating a change (naturalAnticipating a change (natural

disaster preparedness)disaster preparedness)

Deciding or evaluating a course of Deciding or evaluating a course of actionaction



How is it used?How is it used?

Tracking the spread of diseaseTracking the spread of disease

Mapping soil moistureMapping soil moisture

Trends in an evolving stormTrends in an evolving storm Mapping Storm Water systemsMapping Storm Water systems

Public road inventoryPublic road inventory

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture



Tracking the spread of the WestTracking the spread of the West

Nile virus from ESRI Map Book vol.Nile virus from ESRI Map Book vol.

1919

T k f 2004 H i i Fl id



Track of 2004 Hurricanes in FloridaTrack of 2004 Hurricanes in Florida

and Wind Speed, ESRI Map Bookand Wind Speed, ESRI Map Book

Vol. 21Vol. 21



Mapping soil moisture from ESRIMapping soil moisture from ESRI

Map Book Vol. 21Map Book Vol. 21



Wastewater collection system fromWastewater collection system from

ESRI Map Book Vol. 21ESRI Map Book Vol. 21



Predicting traffic problems fromPredicting traffic problems from

ESRI Map Book Vol. 16ESRI Map Book Vol. 16



Precision Agriculture from ESRIPrecision Agriculture from ESRI

Map Book Vol. 20Map Book Vol. 20

Maturity Map Protein Map Detailed Map

Maps are for Brown RiceRed is High; Purple is Low



What are otherWhat are other

uses you canuses you can

think of?think of?



Link to ESRI map books for real lifeLink to ESRI map books for real life

GIS maps:GIS maps:

http://www.esri.com/industries/planninhttp://www.esri.com/industries/plannin

http://www.esri.com/industries/planning/success_stories/map_book.html





ActivityActivity

If given the following layers, whatIf given the following layers, what

inferences or assumptions can youinferences or assumptions can you

make from them?make from them?

• Map of the U.S. with state capitalsMap of the U.S. with state capitals

• Map of the population densityMap of the population density

• Map of interstate highwaysMap of interstate highways

• Map of rivers in the U.S.Map of rivers in the U.S.

• Average farm size in acresAverage farm size in acres



Map of United States and StateMap of United States and State

CapitalsCapitals



Interstate HighwaysInterstate Highways



Major RiversMajor Rivers



Capitals, Rivers, HighwaysCapitals, Rivers, Highways



Population Density from 2000Population Density from 2000

CensusCensus



Capitals, Rivers, Highways,Capitals, Rivers, Highways,

PopulationPopulation



Oklahoma with Highway, Rivers,Oklahoma with Highway, Rivers,

Population DensityPopulation Density



Average Size of Farms in 2002Average Size of Farms in 2002



Farm Size, Capitals, Highways,Farm Size, Capitals, Highways,

RiversRivers



Oklahoma Farm Size, Highways,Oklahoma Farm Size, Highways,

RiversRivers



All maps are from the National AtlasAll maps are from the National Atlas

website located at:website located at:

www.nationalatlas.comwww.nationalatlas.com

This site allows you to use differentThis site allows you to use different

layers to create maps.layers to create maps.

http://www.nationalatlas.com/



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