gis, mash-ups and geographic standards
DESCRIPTION
Lecture by Beate Stollberg at the ISCRAM Summer School 2011 about GIS, Geographic Standards and Mash-UpsTRANSCRIPT
GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards:
Appropriate Mapping and Analysis
Tools for Situation Rooms
Beate Stollberg
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission,
Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen,
Global Security and Crisis Management Unit
ISCRAM Summer School 2011
Tilburg, 22.08.2011
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 2
Overview
European Civil Protection
GIS
Geographic Standards
Mash-Ups
Summary and Conclusion
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 3
European Civil Protection
Data collection
(live media/web, own data)
Validation and processing
Presentation and dissemination
Advisory role
Situational awareness and political response
Crisis Management
Laboratory at JRC
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 4
The Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC)
European Civil Protection
Operated by the EC in Brussels
Heart of Community Mechanism for Civil Protection
Available 24/7, duty officers on shift
Any country (inside or outside the EU)
affected by a major disaster can launch a
request for assistance through the MIC
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 5
Map
Report
Communications hub
Information provision
Supports co-ordination
MIC during emergencies:
European Civil Protection
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 6
Example Map
European Civil Protection
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 7
12.01.2010: Earthquake Haiti 30 maps
27.02.2010: Tsunami Chile 14 maps
14.04.2010: Volcano Iceland 1 map
20.05.2010: Flood Poland 3 maps
06.07.2010: Flood Moldova 1 map
03.08.2010: Flood Pakistan 42 maps
03.10.2010: Chemical Spill Hungary 5 maps
18.10.2010: Typhoon Megi Philippines 1 map
25.10.2010: Tsunami Sumatra 1 map
05.11.2010: Hurricane Tomas Haiti 3 maps
19.11.2010: Cholera Outbreak Haiti 5 maps
In 2010 Critech produced crisis maps during the
following 11 disaster events:
European Civil Protection
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 8
Finding
Event-specific geographic information
Places
Best available background maps
Spatial analysis
Mapping
Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)
Detailed (printed) maps
Shared (digital) maps with real-time information
Collaborative mapping
Archiving Store data
Geo-Information related Requirements
European Civil Protection
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 9
Development of GIS (I)
1980s >> first commercial GIS vendors (e.g. ESRI)
>> complex closed applications
1994 >> Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) founded
>> development of common standards
2000s >> Interoperable Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
GIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 10
2005 >> Google Earth
>> First time maps and satellite images
of the whole world were freely available
>> Mash-Ups
>> often including maps
>> User Generated Content (UGC)
>> often including location (cheap GPS devices)
>> Location Based Service (LBS)
GIS
Development of GIS (II)
WEB 2.0
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 11
A Geographic Information
System (GIS) is designed to
capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage and present
all types of geographically
referenced data.
In the simplest terms, GIS is
the merging of cartography,
statistical analysis, and
database technology.Data(base)
Processing
GIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 12
Mapping the real world
GIS
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 13
Modeling and analyzing the real world
GIS
Concept of
“Features”
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
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GIS
Example: Point-in-Polygon Analysis (Even-Odd-Rule)
Odd number of intersections >> Point inside
Even number of intersections >> Point outside
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 15
GIS
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 16
GIS
Raster data
Grid-cell data structure
Location of a cell is identified by
row and column
Each cell (pixel) has an assigned
value
“Easy” creation from image data,
e.g. satellite images, scans
Resolution determined by pixel size
Efficient representation of dense data, e.g. elevation
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 17
GIS
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
Vector data
Features are presented by points,
lines and polygons
Each feature may have many
assigned values (attribute data)
“Complex” creation
Efficient representation of discrete data
Topology creation possible
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 18
GIS
Topology = Spatial Relationships
First law of geography:
“Everything is related to everything else, but near
things are more related than distant things.”
Distances between features
Adjacency of features
Connectivity of features
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 19
GIS
Set of topology rules
Each edge has two nodes
Each edge has an area on the left and right side of it
Each area is enclosed by edges and nodes
Each node is enclosed by edges and areas
Each line crossing is a node
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 20
GIS
Node Coordinates
1 (0,10)
2 (2,11)
3 (5,11)
4 (8,11)
5 (8,9)
6 (5,8)
7 (2,7)
8 (5,5)
9 (3,6)
Edge From-To
a 1-2
b 2-3
c 3-4
d 4-5
e 5-6
f 6-3
g 6-7
h 7-1
i 7-9
J 9-8
k 8-5
Area Edge-List
A a,b,f,g,h
B c,d,e,f
C g,e,k,j,i
Internal Storage
Edge Left-Right
a W-A
b X-A
c X-B
d Y-B
e C-B
f A-B
g C-A
h V-A
i C-V
J C-Z
k C-Y
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011
GIS
Network Example
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 22
Commercial Solutions:
Autodesk
Bentley Systems
ERDAS IMAGINE
ESRI
Intergraph
MapInfo
Smallworld
…
Free Solutions:
uDig
gvSIG
OpenJUMP
Quantum GIS
GRASS GIS
SAGA GIS
…
GIS
GIS Software
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 23
GIS
OpenJUMP
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 24
GIS
>> OpenJUMP Demo
http://download.geofabrik.de/osm/
http://cegrp.cga.harvard.edu/haiti/?q=content/haiti-earthquake-gis-data
http://geocommons.com
http://www.cadplan.com.au/JumpPrinterV1.29.jar
http://openjump.org/index.html
OpenJUMP and Printer PlugIn:
Haiti Data:
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 25
GIS
ESRI ArcGIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 26
GIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 27
GIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 28
GIS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 29
GIS
Creation of
custom
toolboxes and
models with the
ModelBuilder
Figure from: http://webhelp.esri.com
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 30
GIS
production of cartographic maps
analysis of big amounts of spatial data
GIS is a powerful tool for
storage of big amounts of spatial data
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 31
GIS
handling non-GIS formats like KML, GeoRSS
sharing geospatial data
… is not so good for
Web based interactive maps
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 32
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
> non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization
Standards
Web Map Service (WMS) >> Visualization
Web Feature Service (WFS) >> Vector data access
Web Coverage Service (WCS) >> Raster data access
Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) >> Search...
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 33
Standards
OGC Web Map Service
http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/
MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetMap&SERVICE=WMS
&VERSION=1.1.1&LAYERS=0&FORMAT=image/png
&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&STYLES=&SRS=EPSG:4326
&BBOX=-180,-90,180,90&WIDTH=800&HEIGHT=400
http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/
MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetCapabilities
GetCapabilities
GetMap
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 34
…for storing, accessing and sharing distributed spatial
data in an Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Standardized interfaces like OGC WMS, WFS etc.
usually government-related,
e.g. NSDI in the US, INSPIRE in the EU
Spatial Data Infrastructure
Standards
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 35
Geoprocessing
>> Web Processing Service (WPS)
Sensor/real-time data integration
>> Sensor Web Enablement (SWE)
Current SDI topics
Standards
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 36
Mash-Ups
Example Report
(including map
screenshots)
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 37
Mash-Ups
Combining different web
applications or functions
Merging existent content
with additional information
Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs),
e.g. Google Maps API
Mash-Up:
Easy integration of “Web 2.0 data”,
e.g. KML, GeoRSS
Easy access to base map data,
e.g. Google, Bing, OpenStreetMap
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 38
JRC Web Map Viewer
Web-based, client-side solution supported in all browsers
No need to install software
http://dma.jrc.it/map
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 39
JRC Web Map Viewer
Add a base map layer
Add overlays
Add external GEORSS file
Add external KML file
Load WMS images
Load Base Maps
Overlay GeoRSS, KML, WMS
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 40
JRC Web Map Viewer
What’s near? – Analysis
Measuring
Save Map
Geocoding functionality
Save Map (URL) without
Header/Footer/Controls for
integration in own website
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 41
Finding
Event-specific geographic information
Places
Best available background maps
Spatial analysis
Mapping
Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)
Detailed (printed) maps
Shared (digital) maps with real-time information
Collaborative mapping
Archiving Store data
Geo-Information related Requirements
Mash-Up
Mash-Up
Mash-Up
GIS
Mash-Up
GIS
SDI
Mash-Up
Mash-Up SDI
Summary and Conclusion
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011
SDI
42
Most complete solution for situation rooms
Summary and Conclusion
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 43
Links
MIC
http://ec.europa.eu/echo/civil_protection/civil/prote/mic.htm
GDACS
http://www.gdacs.org/
JRC Web Map Viewer
http://dma.jrc.it/map/
OpenJUMP
http://openjump.org/
Geo-Data Sharing
http://geocommons.com
OGC
http://www.opengeospatial.org/
GIS Lecture ISCRAM Summer School 2011 44
OpenStreetMap
Ushahidi
Disaster Data Sources:
GeoCommons
Links