gis sources for terrain analyses - geof.unizg.hrznevistic/ids2018/ppt/s6.21_rada j..pdf · gis...

GIS sources for terrain analyses

major Ing. Josef Rada

University of Defence Brno Czech Republic

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2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace8.5. – 11.5.2018

http://www.unob.cz/

IntroductionIntroduction

- Project of VGHMÚř and University of Defence;

- objective: search for the most effective manner of military terrain analyses.

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2nd International Doctoral Seminar in field of Geodesy, Geoinformatics and Geospace

Main and secondary goalsMain and secondary goals

- Main goal: • analyze available geospatial data suitable for terrain analyses.

- Secondary goals:• search for national and abroad data sources;

• determine essential military geographical analyses.

• define influences of respective data to major military geographical analyses.

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Materials and methodsMaterials and methods

- Latest studies and doctoral works covering the topic;

- department of military geography and meteorology research of military terrain analyses;

- 15 years of authors own experience;

- topo survey;

- evaluation of geospatial data using ArcGIS modules;

- statistical outputs.

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiTi6GX4OLaAhVIEVAKHXnsD6MQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.ltcconline.net/greenl/courses/201/probdist/zScore.htm&psig=AOvVaw0echWTCu88Q-X0d5GUNdw7&ust=1525203386210518

Outline of the topicOutline of the topic

Types of military geographical analyses

Relational chart of terrain layers

• including attributes

Regionalization of geospatial data

Research and evaluation of terrain data

• elevation data, soils, vegetation, river network

Site survey • military training areas

Discussion

Types of military geographical analyses

Relational chart of terrain layers

Regionalization of geospatial data

Research and evaluation of terrain data

Site survey

Discussion

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Military geographical analysesMilitary geographical analyses

- Based on the method OCOKA:- Observation;- Concealment;- Obstacles;- Key terrain;- Avenues of approach.

- Basic military geographical analyses:- Cross country movement;- Observation;- Cover and concealment;- Analysis of shooting.

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AnalysesAnalyses

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http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiMjJjHhvfaAhWNY1AKHTl9D0oQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://www.wallpapers-for-phone.com/android,binoculars-masked-carbine-soldiers&psig=AOvVaw23NmL41N9Ju93_sk1oaETP&ust=1525901049558862

Relational chart of terrain layersRelational chart of terrain layers

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwis9a7Zh_faAhXDPFAKHf62A0gQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://achividaryan.wordpress.com/chocolate-hills/&psig=AOvVaw1Yg8dUbndYK43tQym_n1iv&ust=1525901350456714

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiGisXqh_faAhWCLFAKHeGWBxUQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.slevomat.cz/sleva/540667-velikonocni-a-jarni-relax-pro-dva-na-jizni-morave&psig=AOvVaw3jV1m3JPdXwAgdYYdmY0qH&ust=1525901396219411

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjcvMiMiPfaAhWEKlAKHWYPChYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https://www.estav.cz/cz/2766.cinska-mesta-duchu&psig=AOvVaw1cFJixjijlI1tOgG4ug30F&ust=1525901448082204

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=&url=https://shurigin.livejournal.com/788030.html&psig=AOvVaw3nhS5q-zoJkh1CFDKdgGjr&ust=1525902348337021

Foreign cooperationForeign cooperation

- Missions abroad- KFOR, Resolute Support;

- adjacent states- Germany, Poland, Austria, Slovakia;

- NATO HQ – SHAPE in Belgium.

AFGHANISTAN

German topographic map

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50

100

150

200

250

300

Size in GigaBytes

foreignvectors

foreignrasters

foreignimagery

nationalvectors

nationalrasters

nationalimagery

historicalimagery

Size of data used in GeoS ACR

3 TB 20 TB 50 TB

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Regionalisation of geospatial dataRegionalisation of geospatial data

- Different quality of data and geospatial services in different regions;

- generally: accuracy and up-to-dateness worsen in distance from areas of interest;

- availability of global vector data (MGCP) and elevationdata (DTED, T-Rex).

KOSOVO

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Evaluation of source dataEvaluation of source data

- Digital models of terrain;

- road network;

- forests;

- soils;

- rivers and streams;

- attributes of features.

DMT 25

ZABAGED

TM 25 attributes

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Elevation dataElevation data

- DMR 1 – 1 x 1 km

- DMR 2 – 100 x 100 m

- DMR 3 – 10 x 10 m

- DMR 4, DMR 5, DMP 1

- Laser scanning data

- NATO Standards – DTED – 30 x 30 m

- T-Rex (MGCP model)

output of laser scanning

3D models

Contour lines and spot heights from topographic maps

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Elevation dataElevation data

DMR 5 DMP 1 DTED T-Rex Drone

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Influences of vegetation on elevation dataInfluences of vegetation on elevation data

- Growth of trees- Forest cutting- Wind- Precitipation- Erosion

2011 2010 2013

Ageing of laser scanning data

Fast growth/changes of trees – lower accuracy of data

Reduced accuracy before wind calamity

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Application of elevation dataApplication of elevation data

Comparison in aerial imagery Comparison in digital model of terrain 5G

- Testing accuracy of vector data – e.g. forest roads;

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Road networkRoad network

Czech national sources:- Road databank – state roads- National vector databases - ZABAGED, DMT 25- Specialized databases

• forestry companies• agency of nature protection

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Vector databases

Road networkRoad network

Foreign sources:- Global vector databases – MGCP (1: 50 000);- Open sources – OpenStreetMap;- Local vector databases – states, missions;- Topographic maps. Topographic map 1: 50 000

MGCP layers

Example of OpenStreetMap

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Soil databasesSoil databases

- Soil databases:• National – Geofond• International - USCS

- Important soil factors:• Soil type• Surface roughness• Vegetation cover

National map of soils

Gravel surface with minor vegetationSoil type and depth

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Vegetation datasetsVegetation datasets

- ÚHÚL database- National vector databases - ZABAGED, DMT 25

- limited information – size of forest, height, sort of trees- Foreign data – very limited information distribution

Distance between trees, girth of stem

TM 25 attributes ÚHÚL database – sort of trees

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Inclination of slopes analysisInclination of slopes analysis

- Inclination of slopes for passability on terrain;- inclination of roads;- use of suitable data source – balance effectiveness and accuracy.

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Elevetion data – SRTM/TanDEM-X

Comparison of datasets on terrain profileConsider micro relief elements

Observation and visibility analysisObservation and visibility analysis

- Analysis of differences in profiles and areal hidden spots;- Data: DMR 5, DMP 1

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Areal construction of hidden spotsResult of use of various models

Influence of atmosphere

Profile construction of hidden spots

Site surveySite survey

- Utilization of results of previous dissertational works;

- Topo survey in military training areas Hradiště in 2017 and Boletice in 2018.

Map of military training area

Military training area divided to zones

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Site surveySite survey

- Update of topographic maps is under way;

- Focus on detailed mapping of military training areas;

- Check for changes in road layer and micro relief.

Military training areas of the Czech Republic

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Results of previousdisertational works

Demanding parts of site surveyDemanding parts of site survey

- Reconcile topo survey with shooting exercises;

- hilly terrain - passability of cars;

- problematic signal of GSM and GPS.

GSM signal coverage

car stuck in mud

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Results of topo recceResults of topo recce

- 95% of pre-defined objects verified;

- topo recce is time consuming;

- not 100% of existing objects were checked;

need to balance the quantity of features and time.

table of line features

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Site survey observationsSite survey observations

Tree blocking forest track

Driving through forest

Not existing roads

Intense lumber cutting activity – bad quality roads

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Site survey observationsSite survey observations

Measurement of slopes in low forest

Low accuracy in forests

Verification of elevation model in micro relief

Use of geodetic GPS device with mobile corrections

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Statistical evaluationStatistical evaluation

- Over 300 measured features from 4 separate locations;

- Plan: at least 5000 points for statistical evaluation;

- Normal or Poissons distribution;

- comparison of various elevation datasets and measured valuesin the terrain;

- density of roads in the area – statistical test grid.

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Poissons distribution

Statistical test grid

3D statistical grid

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj37frNkvfaAhULalAKHZ-aClYQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=http://sasnrd.com/poisson-distribution/&psig=AOvVaw0ikKoiRuws0OotGi216af7&ust=1525904258423796

DiscussionDiscussion

Goal:

„reveal the best suitable approach of geodataevaluation for terrain analyses“

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https://www.google.cz/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwiM_IOL1NjZAhXJsKQKHd-yAIMQjRx6BAgAEAY&url=https://www.zmensvujzivot.blog/tag/efektivita/&psig=AOvVaw2Ena1I5NHuag08bXR2mZoV&ust=1520458602106720

Results and visions:

DiscussionDiscussion

Select best data suitable for terrain analyses

Enlarge statistical sample

Discover method for elevation data comparison

Discover method of road density evalution

Automize statistical assessment of terrain analyses

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QuestionsQuestions


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