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Technical Memorandum – Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces.GIS Waste Management Design; Town of Gumby Municipal Offices

2013/05/07

Technical Memorandum.

Project Name: GIS Waste Management

Client: Town of Gumby Municipal Offices

Prepared By: A. Andronov, B.Sc.

Subject: Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces

Date: 07 May, 2013

Project Code: GISC9312AAndronovD2

1. Introduction

The Gumby Landfill located in the town of Gumby is operated by the Municipality (further- the client). The Ontario Ministry of Environment declared a maximum waste elevation profile for the Landfill; in other words, maximum elevation level that garbage can reach in the Gumby Landfill.

The client has hired SA GIS to perform an assessment of the remaining volume of waste that may be placed in the landfill.

The following technical memorandum provides the landfill terrain surface analysis of existing waste level (collected by SA GIS surveys staff) and maximum allowed (final) elevation profile. Volume of waste that the municipality can place in this landfill before it reaches capacity has been calculated. Amount of years that landfill can be operated has been estimated as well.

Activities undertaken as a part of the raster based analysis of terrain surface have included:

The creation of both existing and final elevation landfill 3D surface models; Obtaining the raster as well as 3D model of the surface for demonstrating the areas of

the landfill that the client will have to cut back and the areas that allow for further landfilling;

Modeling, calculating and analysis of cut/fill between the existing landfill surface and the final allowed landfill surface.

SA GIS Consulting29 Robertson Rd, Niagara On The Lake

ON L0S 1J0, Tel. [email protected]

Technical Memorandum – Raster Based Analysis of Terrain Surfaces.GIS Waste Management Design; Town of Gumby Municipal Offices 2013/05/07

2. Methodology

2.1 The Creation of Elevation Surfaces

SA GIS surveys staff has collected 8,525 elevation points of the existing landfill using a DGPS (Trimble 5700). The Ontario Ministry of Environment declared the final elevations for the landfill (maximum elevation level that garbage can reach in the Gumby Landfill).

Digital elevation surfaces of the existing terrain and final terrain have been created. Existing Surface has been obtained using SA GIS’s collected data. Final Surface has been gained using data provided by Ontario MOE. Both surfaces have been created using 3D Analyst extension of ArcGIS 10.

Figure 1 portrays elevation surface for existing landfill.

Figure 1. Existing Landfill Surface

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Figure 2 portrays the final surface based on elevations declared by Ontario Ministry of Environment.

Figure 2. Final Landfill Surface

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2.2 Landfill Capacity Analysis.

Existing surface has been subtracted from the final surface to determine and analyze zones that are currently above and under the allowed elevation level. Remaining depth of a landfill’s greed has been set on 1m².

Figure 3 details the difference in meters between the allowed and existing surfaces.

Figure 3. Elevation Deviations

Red fragments show waste layers which are located above the allowed elevation. On the other hand, blue fragments portray layers located below the allowed elevation. Areas at the west, east and in the middle of the landfill are over allowed elevation.

Figure 4 portrays the 3D representation of the Elevation Deviations. It has been found via subtraction of the existing surface from the final surface as well.

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Figure 4. Landfill 3D Representation

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The volume of waste that should be cut or could be placed in the Gumby Landfill has been determined. Figure 5 portrays the cut and fill surface: zones marked red show that waste can be filled in these areas; on the other hand, zones marked blue show that waste should be cut to the condition declared by the Ontario Ministry of Environment.

Figure 5. Cut and Fill Surface

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It has been found that there is space for 123,406.8 m³ (summary of all negative and positive volumes) of waste that could be placed into the landfill.

Table 1 details the information needed for further calculations:

Table 1. Waste Generation Information

Parameter Value UnitNumber of Households 10,200 -Mean Occupancy Rate 2.5 Persons/householdCompaction rate 0.6 Tonnes/m³Volume of Space to Landfill 123,406.8 m³

That information is needed to calculate how many years the Gumby Landfill can be used by the Municipality. Also, waste generation rate for landfilling from 1999 to 2011 years was given (Table 2).

Table 2. Actual Waste Landfilled per Capita

Year Waste Generation Rate (To Landfill)Tonnes/Capita/Year

1999 0.652000 0.602001 0.492002 0.442003 0.402004 0.352005 0.332006 0.312007 0.312008 0.302009 0.312010 0.302011 0.302012 0.31

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Figure 6 portrays graph of Waste Generation Rate to Year:

1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 20140.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

Waste Generation Rate. The Town of Gumby

Year

Waste Generation Rate,Tonnes/Capita/Year

Figure 6. Waste Generation Rate

Figure 6 details that Waste Generation Rate more or less stabilized after 2006. Waste Generation Rate prediction had been done and it has been found that Waste Generation Rate would be approximately 0.31 (Tonnes/Capita/Year) for the next ‘n’ years.

The following is waste mass and waste volume calculation:

Waste Generation in [Tonnes/Year] has been calculated using the following formula:

WGM = WGR * Pop, where [2.1]

WGM – Waste Generation [Tonnes/Year];WGR – Waste Generation Rate [Tonnes/Capita/Year];Pop – Population in the Town of Gumby, Pop = 25500 [Capita].

Waste Generation in [m³/Year] has been calculated using the following formula:

WGV = WGM / CR where [2.2]

WGV – Waste Generation [m³/Year]WGM – Waste Generation [Tonnes/Year];CR – Compaction Rate, rate provided by landfill operation staff. CR = 0.6 [Tonnes/m³];Thus, Table 3 details prediction of waste generation until 2025 year.

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Table 3. Predicted Waste Generation until 2025

Year

Waste Generation Rate (To Landfill) Waste Generation Waste Generation

Tonnes/Capita/Year Tonnes/Year m³/Year

2012 0.31 7,905 13,1752013 0.31 7,990 13,3172014 0.31 7,886 13,1442015 0.31 7,827 13,0462016 0.31 7,819 13,0312017 0.31 7,809 13,0152018 0.31 7,827 13,0452019 0.31 7,818 13,0302020 0.31 7,837 13,0612021 0.31 7,858 13,0962022 0.31 7,852 13,0872023 0,31 7,837 13,0622024 0.31 7,832 13,0532025 0.31 7,832 13,053

From the Table 1, there are 123,406.8 m³ of the landfilled that can be filled with waste (artificially of 1st of January 2013). Based on predicted Waste Generation Value per Year, the amount of time that the Landfill can be approximately operated is 9 years and 157 days. Gumby Landfill can be approximately operated until the 6th of June, 2022.

Thus, the Municipality can place 123,406.8m³ of waste in the Landfill before it reaches the capacity. The Landfill will reach the capacity on the 6th of June, 2022.

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3. Discussion of Findings

Within the scope of this project existing as well as final landfill surfaces have been modelled.

With the help of 3D Analyst extension of ArcGIS 10, it has been defined that some areas at the east, south- west and in the middle of the landfill are already above the maximum allowed elevation level and should be cut. Fortunately, there are currently about 142,000m³ of free space in the landfill. The amount of waste ‘to get rid of’ is about 20,000m ³. So there is plenty of room to do so.

Amount of years that the Landfill can be operated as well as remaining waste volume are given in the Conclusion section.

4. Conclusion and Recommendations

3D Analysis of the terrain as well as few calculation techniques have been undertaken. Volume of waste that the Municipality can place in the Gumby Landfill has been determined.

Obtained result can be realistic only for conditions listed above. The result will change if the initial criteria are different.

There was an assumption that the population of the Town of Gumby will remain the same for the next ‘n’ years which never happens in the real life. For more accurate estimation of waste volume, comprehensive population change prediction should be implemented. However, obtained result can be definitely used for approximate and quick estimation.

It has been found that elevation of some parts of the landfill is already more than the allowed. These parts should be cut by the Municipality

It has been found that the Municipality can place 123,406.8m³ of waste in the Landfill before it reaches the capacity provided that 20,000m³ of redundant waste will be cut. Locations of zones that have to be cut are given in Figure 3 and Figure 4. The Landfill will approximately reach the capacity on the 6th of June, 2022.

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5. References

ArcGIS Help.

Esri. (2013). ArcGIS Resources Help. 04 2013 г., ArcGIS: http://resources.arcgis.com/en/

Smith, I. D. (05 2013 г.). ToR of GISC9312 - Geospatial Visualization.

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