gk lesson 6 (2)
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The Multi Party System
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One Party System Only one party exists typical ofdictatorships if there is a legislature (notfound in democracies)
easy elections, laws get passed quickly No choice for the people Soviet Union, Cuba, North Korea
Only one party exists typical ofdictatorships if there is a legislature (notfound in democracies)
easy elections, laws get passed quickly No choice for the people Soviet Union, Cuba, North Korea
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Two Party System Two major political parties along withminor parties; major parties always win thenational elections
stability, basic choice minor parties typically loose USA, UK, South Africa, Canada
Two major political parties along withminor parties; major parties always win thenational elections
stability, basic choice minor parties typically loose USA, UK, South Africa, Canada
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Multi Party System Many small minor parties and no major parties;in many countries coalitions must be formed inorder to have any political power
wide variety of class, religious, sectional, andpolitical interests
unstable; coalitions do not typically last very long Italy, Spain, Japan, Portugal, India
Many small minor parties and no major parties;in many countries coalitions must be formed inorder to have any political power
wide variety of class, religious, sectional, andpolitical interests
unstable; coalitions do not typically last very long Italy, Spain, Japan, Portugal, India
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After Indira lost elections Moradji Bhai Desai became PM in 1977 opposition political parties such asthe Congress (O),Bharatiya JanaSangh, Bharatiya Lok Dal as well asdefectors from the Congress (R) joined toform the Janata party which won theelection
Moradji Bhai Desai became PM in 1977 opposition political parties such asthe Congress (O),Bharatiya JanaSangh, Bharatiya Lok Dal as well asdefectors from the Congress (R) joined toform the Janata party which won theelection
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First multi-party PM Personal ambitions of leaders JP Narayan and Acharya Kriplani decidedMoradji Desai to be PM over CharanSingh and Jagjivan Ram
Personal ambitions of leaders JP Narayan and Acharya Kriplani decidedMoradji Desai to be PM over CharanSingh and Jagjivan Ram
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Action against Indira Justice Shah Commission againstatrocities under Emergency
Indira afraid, wanted to leave politics Pupul Jain, friend of Indira, sent to makepeace with Moradji
Thrown from house in 1 Safdarjung road
Justice Shah Commission againstatrocities under Emergency
Indira afraid, wanted to leave politics Pupul Jain, friend of Indira, sent to makepeace with Moradji
Thrown from house in 1 Safdarjung road
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Her struggle Went to Belchi, Bihar to act against attackon Dalits
3rd October CBI sent to arrest Indira byCharan Singh
Indira out of Jail with public support Indira broke from Congress, formedCongress I
Feb 1978, Congress I won by-elections
Went to Belchi, Bihar to act against attackon Dalits
3rd October CBI sent to arrest Indira byCharan Singh
Indira out of Jail with public support Indira broke from Congress, formedCongress I
Feb 1978, Congress I won by-elections
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Barriers in first multi partygovernment of India
Charan Singh alleges corruption chargeson Moradjis son.
Moradji declined Charan Singhs requestof special court against Indira
Charan Singh and Raj Narain thrown outof Janata Party
Charan Singh alleges corruption chargeson Moradjis son.
Moradji declined Charan Singhs requestof special court against Indira
Charan Singh and Raj Narain thrown outof Janata Party
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Congress Politics Sanjay Gandhi meets Raj Narain, asks toleave Janata party
Sanjay asked Kamal Nath to bribe CharanSinghs astrologer so that he leavesJanata Party
Sanjay fostered Jarnail SinghBhindranwale to counter Akali Dal inPunjab
Sanjay Gandhi meets Raj Narain, asks toleave Janata party
Sanjay asked Kamal Nath to bribe CharanSinghs astrologer so that he leavesJanata Party
Sanjay fostered Jarnail SinghBhindranwale to counter Akali Dal inPunjab
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Tumultuous times Shah Commission report out, Indira sentto Tihar Jail for a week
Krishna Commission claimed Indira stole 4eggs and 2 chicken, ordered non-bailablewarrant
Shah Commission report out, Indira sentto Tihar Jail for a week
Krishna Commission claimed Indira stole 4eggs and 2 chicken, ordered non-bailablewarrant
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Indira is back Sanjay gandhi promises PM post forCharan Singh if he pulls Janata govt.down
Janata govt. down Charan Singh becomes PM for 23 days asIndira pulls support
Indira announces elections.
Sanjay gandhi promises PM post forCharan Singh if he pulls Janata govt.down
Janata govt. down Charan Singh becomes PM for 23 days asIndira pulls support
Indira announces elections.
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The development of the Indianparty system
Single party dominance (1947-1967). Congress Party dominated nationally and to a largeextent at state level.
Congress-opposition system (1967-1993). Congress remained the most prominent party atnational level but faced serious competition at thestate level.
Multi-party system (1993 onwards). Congress no longer the pivotal force. Growth ofregional parties and coalitional politics.
Single party dominance (1947-1967). Congress Party dominated nationally and to a largeextent at state level.
Congress-opposition system (1967-1993). Congress remained the most prominent party atnational level but faced serious competition at thestate level.
Multi-party system (1993 onwards). Congress no longer the pivotal force. Growth ofregional parties and coalitional politics.
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Single party system (1947-67)
Congress dominates national elections In office continuously Regularly polls over 40% of the vote andsecures over 70% of the seats
No cohesive opposition Other parties function as pressure parties
Congress dominates national elections In office continuously Regularly polls over 40% of the vote andsecures over 70% of the seats
No cohesive opposition Other parties function as pressure parties
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Congress-opposition phase (1967-1993)
Congress faced challenge at state level Two periods out of office at national level:
1977-1979 (to the Janata coalition) 1989-1991 (to the National Front coalition)
Opposition parties stronger, periods ofunity
Congress faced challenge at state level Two periods out of office at national level:
1977-1979 (to the Janata coalition) 1989-1991 (to the National Front coalition)
Opposition parties stronger, periods ofunity
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Factors contributing to secondphase
Increasing economic discontent Increasing politicisation of marginal socialgroups
Challenges to traditional leadership inCongress
Increasing economic discontent Increasing politicisation of marginal socialgroups
Challenges to traditional leadership inCongress
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Institutional decline of Congressthrough the 1970s and 80s
Decline of independent state politicians Increasing centralisation Party support constructed from the top-down,not bottom-up as before
Rise of dynasty and personality cult Personality more important than institution Succession of Indira Gandhi by her son RajivGandhi
Decline of independent state politicians Increasing centralisation Party support constructed from the top-down,not bottom-up as before
Rise of dynasty and personality cult Personality more important than institution Succession of Indira Gandhi by her son RajivGandhi
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Dynasty and the Congress Party
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Multi-party politics, 1993 onwards Congress no longer represents the focalpoint of electoral competition
Rise of regional parties Rise of new national parties, especially theBJP
No overall majority in parliament since1989- 2014
Emergence of Coalitions
Congress no longer represents the focalpoint of electoral competition
Rise of regional parties Rise of new national parties, especially theBJP
No overall majority in parliament since1989- 2014
Emergence of Coalitions
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Results of 14th National GeneralElection, 2004: seats in Lok Sabha Congress-dominated United Progressive
Alliance 218 (Indian National Congress 145)
BJP-dominated National DemocraticAlliance 186
(Bharatiya Janata Party 138) Left Front 62
(Communist Party Marxist (CPM) 43) Others including
Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 19 Samajwadi Party (SP) 36
Congress-dominated United ProgressiveAlliance 218
(Indian National Congress 145) BJP-dominated National Democratic
Alliance 186 (Bharatiya Janata Party 138)
Left Front 62 (Communist Party Marxist (CPM) 43)
Others including Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) 19 Samajwadi Party (SP) 36
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Chronology of key developments1964 Death of Nehru1966 Indira Gandhi becomes Congress leader1967 Fourth General and state assemblyelections. Congress loses control in 8 out of
16 states1969 Split in Congress1971 Fifth General Election. Congress landslidevictory1975 National Emergency declared1977 Sixth General Election. Congress defeatedby Janata
1964 Death of Nehru1966 Indira Gandhi becomes Congress leader1967 Fourth General and state assemblyelections. Congress loses control in 8 out of
16 states1969 Split in Congress1971 Fifth General Election. Congress landslidevictory1975 National Emergency declared1977 Sixth General Election. Congress defeatedby Janata
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Chronology of key developments1978 Congress splits again1979 Fall of Janata government1980 Seventh General Election. Congress (I) (MrsGandhis wing) wins.1984 Mrs Gandhi assassinated. Rajiv Gandhi is newCongress leader.
Eighth General Election. Congress wins best everelectoral victory.1989 Ninth General Election. National Front governmentformed1991 Collapse of second National Front government.Tenth General Election.Rajiv assassinated half way through. New Congressleader Narasimha Rao.
1978 Congress splits again1979 Fall of Janata government1980 Seventh General Election. Congress (I) (MrsGandhis wing) wins.1984 Mrs Gandhi assassinated. Rajiv Gandhi is newCongress leader.
Eighth General Election. Congress wins best everelectoral victory.1989 Ninth General Election. National Front governmentformed1991 Collapse of second National Front government.Tenth General Election.Rajiv assassinated half way through. New Congressleader Narasimha Rao.
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Thank You
The Multi Party SystemOne Party System Two Party SystemMulti Party SystemAfter Indira lost electionsFirst multi-party PMAction against Indira Her struggleBarriers in first multi party government of IndiaCongress PoliticsTumultuous timesIndira is backThe development of the Indian party systemSingle party system (1947-67)Congress-opposition phase (1967-1993)Factors contributing to second phaseInstitutional decline of Congress through the 1970s and 80sDynasty and the Congress PartyMulti-party politics, 1993 onwardsResults of 14th National General Election, 2004: seats in Lok SabhaChronology of key developmentsChronology of key developmentsThank You