gkc oneworld computerisation of paddy procurement
TRANSCRIPT
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Transparen
Governance Knowledge CPromoted by Department of Administrative Ref
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pe
Government of India
Table of ContentsExecutive Summary ................
Background ..............................
Addressing food securi
Minimum Support Pric
Public Distribution Syst
Paddy procurement at
Need for computerisati
Objective ...................................
Working Design ......................
Paddy procurement an
Transfer of paddy to st
Issuance to millers .........
Receipt of custom mille
Unified ration card dat
Transportation of com
Inspection of FPS ...........
Citizen participation .....
Grievance redressal ......
Technology used ...........
Methodology ............................
Key Stakeholders .....................
Lessons Learned ......................
Speedy payment to far
Uniform procedures an
Transparency and acco
Involvement of citizens
Looking Ahead ..............
References ................................
Appendix A Interview Que
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
y ...........................................................................
(MSP) ................................................................
em (PDS) .............................................................
inimum Support Price ....................................
n of paddy procurement .................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
payment to farmers.........................................
rage centres ........................................................
..............................................................................
rice ....................................................................
base and allotment of PDS commodities to
odities to the FPS ..............................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
ers .......................................................................
inventory control ............................................
ntability .............................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
tionnaire ............................................................
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
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Government of India
Executive Summary
The Government of ChhatDistribution System (PDS),
adopted a unique ICT bas
mechanism. As a part of thes
National Informatics Centre
procurement of produce, to
transfer to Fair Priced Shops (
This document captures this
the strengths of the newlrevolutionised the delivery
Poverty Line (BPL) families,
The Public Distribution Syste
India. This document aims to
states across the country deli
Background
Addressing food securi
Food security has been a maj
India has been self-sufficient
surplus food grains; however
into meeting the countrys
implementing targeted inter
level. The Minimum Support
examples of this effort.
Minimum Support Pric
Minimum support prices are
with other government ag
remunerative prices for thei
support prices are perceived
prices are announced at the c
level over time.
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
isgarh has initiated a set of reforms thich had been undermined by corruption.
ed module to create a transparent and
reforms, the Government of Chhattisgarh i
has computerised its whole food grain
storage and transportation, to state war
FPS).
rocess, detailing its need and how it was ca
computerised procedure and the manf food grains (particularly paddy) at subs
ltimately moving towards greater food secu
m faces issues of leakages and diversion of
contribute to the replication of a successful
er this essential government scheme efficie
ty
r development objective in India since the
in food grains since the 1970s and today, bo
, due to inappropriate agricultural policies,
ood requirements. In recent years, the g
ention programmes for achieving food sec
Price (MSP) scheme and the Public Distribu
e (MSP)
determined by the Food Corporation of Ind
ncies to ensure that medium and low
produce namely rice, wheat and coarse
by the farmers as a guarantee price from t
mmencement of the season to prevent mov
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
2
improve its PublicThe government has
accountable delivery
n association with the
supply chain - from
housing and further
rried out. It highlights
er in which it hasidised rates to Below
rity.
unds in every state of
eform process to help
tly.
eginning of planning.
asts a huge reserve of
this has not translated
vernment has begun
rity at the household
tion System (PDS) are
ia (FCI) in association
income farmers get
rains. The minimum
e Government. These
ement below the fixed
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pe
Government of India
The FCI and state governm
produce at MSPs. Such prihence, can provide an impetu
The stock procured at MSP
System scheme.
Public Distribution Sys
The Public Distribution Sys
poverty eradication, specific
the scheme1 every Below P
kerosene at subsidised rates.
set up across the country for t
PDS operates under the joi
government, through FCI,
transportation and bulk allo
allocation within the state, i
cards and supervision of the
governments are accountable
Paddy procurement at
The main crop in Chhattisgar
Government of India at MSP
Cooperative Societies (PACS)
by millers and then hande
(CGSCSC) for distribution
kilogrammes of rice at Rs. 3 p
Prior to 2007, operations at e
the issuance of the paddy to
and from there to the FPSs, w
1For more information on the evolu
http://planningcommission.nic.in/re
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
nt agencies run purchase centres across t
e support mechanisms help in sustainings for investing in modern agricultural techn
assists in meeting the commitments of t
tem (PDS)
tem (PDS) forms an important compone
lly by serving the undernourished. Under
verty Line (BPL) family can purchase ri
This is facilitated through Fair Priced Shop
his purpose.
t control of the Central and State Gove
has assumed the responsibilities of p
cation of food grains. The operational res
entification of families below the poverty l
functioning of PDS, rests with the state g
to the FCI.
inimum Support Price
h is paddy. The state government procures
. This procurement takes place through 133
spread across the state. The paddy procure
d over to the Chhattisgarh State Civil
nder PDS. Under PDS, the Chhattisgarh
er month to all BPL families through 1058 F
ach level from the purchase of paddy at pr
the millers, its transportation to the wareh
as recorded manually.
ion of the PDS in its current state refer to
ports/sereport/ser/stdy_pds.pdf
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
3
e country to procure
farmer incomes andlogies.
e Public Distribution
t of the strategy for
the current version of
e, sugar, wheat and
(FPS) that have been
nments. The Central
rocurement, storage,
onsibilities including
ne, issuance of ration
overnments; the state
addy on behalf of the
Primary Agricultural
is converted into rice
upplies Corporation
government gives 35
ir Priced Shops.
ocurement centres, to
ouses of the CGSCSC
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Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pe
Government of India
Need for computerisati
Corruption in PDS is widesp
a large number of FPSs mascope for leakages. Diversion
commodities between gove
supervision of fair priced s
spurred a number of middle
clarity as to which families s
This sometimes leads to inap
deserving families.
In order to address these issu
technology solution.
Objectives
By computerising paddy pro
Enhance transparency Improve the delivery Involve citizens in the
Working DesignTo date, the project has digit
Bank and Primary Agricultu
Federation (MARKFED), all
Supplies Corporation distrib
maintained at the National I
concerned applications and
Paddy procurement an
Under the newly computeris
registered online and once p
receipts. Cheques for payme
procurement centres to the m
time. Workshops were held
data entry operators in basic
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
on of paddy procurement
ead because the amount of subsidy involve
es it difficult to monitor the working of tof funds occurs at all levels - during procu
nment warehouses, transport to FPSs an
hops and the lack of a strong accountabi
men who siphon off funds meant for the
ould be included in the BPL list and whic
propriate inclusion of families for food subs
es, the State of Chhattisgarh rolled out its e
urement under PDS, the Government of Ch
in operations to mitigate leakages and dive
echanism so PDS commodities reach the ta
monitoring process to enhance accountabili
ised 1532 paddy procurement centres of th
al Cooperative Societies (PACS), 50 storage
concerned district offices, the Departme
ution centres and 35 FCI rice receiving ce
formatics Centre (NIC), Chhattisgarh State
anaging the entire database.
d payment to farmers
ed version of PDS, paddy procurement is e
addy is procured from them, they are give
t to farmers and delivery orders for movem
iller and storage centres of MARKFED and
very 15 days during the initial stages of th
omputing.
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
4
d and the presence of
e scheme and leavesrement, movement of
d within FPSs. Poor
lity mechanism have
oor. There is also no
should be excluded.
idies and exclusion of
d-to-end information
attisgarh aims to:
sion of funds
rget population
y
Central Cooperative
centres of Marketing
t of Food, 100 Civil
tres. Five servers are
Centre for hosting all
lectronic. Farmers are
computer generated
ent of paddy from the
CI, are printed in real
e project to train 1532
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Government of India
Transfer of paddy to st
Once the paddy is procure
MARKFED. The operations a
of paddy are entered onto th
other storage centres. The det
Issuance to millers
The Department of Food has
registration of mills to
issuance of paddy to du
Millers are required to regist
entering details of the
submitting a receipt to t
Collectors office. The Dis
Controller, with the appro
Collector, conducts physical
of the mill, and registers
ANUMATI (permission)
mentioned in the applicatio
to be correct. The details of
verification and ANUMATI
online.
Figure 1: Farmers with computerised
book 2007-2008, NIC & Chhattisgarh
Corp.
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
To overcome the littl
the village pancha
innovation was dtransmission at proc
hundred and fifty m
hired to carry data
procurement centre
headquarters, where
onto the central
download, from the
level, any new so
information and
procurement centres.
rage centres
d from farmers, it is transferred to the
t these centres have been computerised. Th
web. From here, MARKFED issues the pad
ails of this issuance are also made available
introduced
avoid the
my mills.
r online by
mill and
e District
trict Food
al of the
erification
nd grants
if details
are found
he physical
are entered
heques Source: Food
tate Civil Supplies
Figure 2: Temporary paddy storage
2007-2008, NIC & Chhattisgarh State
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
5
to no connectivity at
at level, a unique
eveloped for datarement centres. Two
torcyclists have been
everyday from the
computers to block
they upload the data
server. They also
server at the block
tware or additional
carry it to the
0 storage centres of
details of the receipt
dy to millers, FCI and
nline.
entre Source: Food book
Civil Supplies Corp.
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Government of India
The District Marketing Offic
online and then execute agrelift paddy from purchase ce
transferred to purchase centr
web service.
Receipt of custom mill
The distribution centres of
State Civil Supplies Cooperat
and the Food Cooperation
receive milled rice. The ack
of the receipt of milled rice
for the millers to get paddy
and storage centres. This ack
is put online and can be ac
District Marketing Officer
who then clears the issuanc
millers. From these distributi
milled rice is allotted to FPSs.
Unified ration card dat
In April 2007, the State deci
order was issued, cancelling
software, hence creating a ce
unique identifiers a numeri
the family, his caste, addre
maintenance of the database i
With the computerisation of
Per card allocations are fe
allocations are calculated by
required to declare their stoc
These figures are entered int
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
ers of MARKFED access the verification a
ments with the registered millers and genentres and storage centres for milling. The
es through the motorcyclists and to the stor
d rice
Chhattisgarh
ion (CGSCSC)
of India (FCI)
owledgement
cts as security
rom purchase
owledgement
cessed by the
f MARKFED
e of paddy to
on centres, the
base and allotment of PDS comm
ed to make a unified computerised databa
all existing ration cards, and new ones wer
ntralised database of uniform ration cards.
code and a barcode. All details including t
s, entitlements, ration shop etc. are prin
s now a web-based module.
ration cards, shop-wise allocations have al
into the computer at the State level.
the software in the following manner. All
ks and sales in the month prior to issuance
o the web application at the CGSCSC war
Figure 3: Recording the receipt
(CMR) at the CGSCSC/ Source:
National Informatics Centre
Civil Supplies Corporation
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
6
d permission details
ate delivery orders toe delivery orders are
age centres through a
dities to FPS
se of ration cards. An
made using updated
These cards have two
e name of the head of
ed on the card. The
o become automated.
rom this, shop-wise
Fair Price Shops are
of PDS commodities.
houses. Based on the
f custom milled rice
Food book 2007-2008,
Chattisgarh State
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Government of India
stock and sale figures, the
calculated by the software, a
way, the stock position is ava
used for transportation of PD
trucks is tracked from the
the PDS commodities in yel
monitoring.
Figure 4: Sample Ration Card, Sou
2008, National Informatics Centre
Civil Supplies Corporation
Figure 5: Yellow truck for carrying
Source: Power point presentatio
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
ctual amount of PDS commodities to be
d a delivery order is issued through the w
ilable on the web at any given point in time.
Transportation of
the FPS
After the release of t
receipt is issued to eac
details including the tr
name, and quantity d
receipt is generateapplication.
GPS technology is u
movement of PDS
warehouses of CGSCS
S commodities are equipped with GPS devi
moment they leave the warehouse to the
intended
complete.
shown on
icon in r
monitored
room. If
incorrect
area) or s
the way,
the concer
In addit
Governme
has issue
low trucks; the bright colour allows for e
ce: Food book 2007-
Chhattisgarh State
DS commodities in Chhattisgarh,
n made by NIC
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
7
issued to the FPS is
eb application. In this
commodities to
he delivery order, a
FPS indicating truck
uck number, drivers
ispatched. The truck
using the web
sed to monitor the
commodities from
to FPSs. All trucks
ces. The movement of
time they reach the
PS - when the trip is
The movement is
a map as a moving
al time and can be
from the control
a truck follows an
oute (i.e. geo-fenced
tops for too long on
MS alerts are sent to
ned authorities.
ion to this, the
nt of Chhattisgarh
orders to transport
sy identification and
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Government of India
Inspection of FPS
The software
periodically selects one-third of the FPSs for
inspection. This selection
is random, following
which a physical
verification is conducted
at the district and state
levels. A subsection is
further inspected by
state level officers.
Verification reports are
uploaded onto the web,
which allows for the
automatic identification
of discrepancies if any
exist between varying levels
Citizen participation
ids and/or mobile numbers
Fi
Figure 7: Citizen interface website/
Food book 2007-2008, NIC & Chhat
Civil Supplies Corp.
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
f reports.
A citizen interface website
citizen awareness and partici
functioning of PDS. The
information related to the sch
ration card holders, FPSs, an
and sales of PDS commodi
paddy procurement is also
website, which includes farm
the amount of paddy procur
and money paid to him.
The citizen interface is a pla
participate in the monitoring
register as active monitors by s
online. As PDS commodities are dispatc
ure 6: Inter linkages of different departments
Source:
tisgarh State
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
8
as been created for
ation in the smooth
portal contains all
me including a list of
details of transport
ties. Information on
ade available on the
r-wise data detailing
ed from each farmer
tform for citizens to
of PDS. Citizens can
ubmitting their e-mail
ed to a FPS from a
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Government of India
warehouse, an e-mail messa
registered for the correspond
PDS commodities being sentnot arrive at the FPS in fu
complaint on the website.
Grievance redressal
Grievances registered on the
all complaints within a give
their inquiry, which is also p
In addition, a call centre has
The toll free number is 1-800
Once a citizen registers a comreference and tracking.
Complaints have been classif
compliant. The complainant
complaint at the time of regis
about the result of his co
complainant does not give
centre and giving the num
published on the citizen web
Technology used
All operations are carried o
help of NIC. Two hundred
Broadband/USB based conn
2 Source: Power Point presentation
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
e and an SMS is sent to all the e-mail Ids
ing FPS. Each message contains the truck n
by the truck, and the date and time of dispall within a reasonable time period, citize
website are tracked through a web applicati
time limit, and citizens are informed by
blished online.
also been introduced for registering and di
233-3663. At present, the service is availabl
plaint, he/she is immediately given a compl
ed, and time limits have been fixed for inqu
is given the approximate time required t
tration. If the complainant gives his contact
plaint via e-mail, SMS, voice call or a
is contact details he can still get informati
ber of his complaint. Results of call cen
ite.
t through a web based application develo
-Sat based NICNET2 networks have been l
ctivity is used as backup. Five servers ar
ade by NIC
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
9
and mobile numbers
mber, the quantity of
ch. If commodities dons can register their
on. Action is taken on
-mail of the result of
posing of complaints.
e from 8AM to 10PM.
int number for future
iry about each type of
inquire into his/her
etails, he is informed
etter by post. If the
on by calling the call
re inquiries are also
ed in-house with the
ased out at all levels.
e maintained at NIC
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Government of India
Chhattisgarh State Centre fo
mirrors of the productive ser
started within a few minutes.
Methodology
Working with the objective
OneWorld Governance Kno
identify initiatives that cont
computerisation of paddy pr
with its focus on creating
schemes of the Governmenbenchmark.
Having established the init
secondary research using we
next step was to identify th
deeper insight into the operat
Key Stakeholders
NATIONAL INFORMAimplementation
PRIMARY AGRICULTUBank: responsible for ope
farmers MARKETING FEDERAT
procurement, payment to
permission for milling
DEPARTMENT OF FOOmills and granting permis
CHHATTISGARH STATCORPORATION OF IND
FCI on behalf of the Cen
receive the custom mille
FPS and then transport th
FAIR PRICED SHOPS (F
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
r hosting the application and database. T
ers; as such, in case of any server failure, th
of identifying best practices in India for f
ledge Centre (GKC) research team conduct
ribute towards the betterment of public
ocurement under the Public Distribution S
ransparency and accountability in one o
t of India in its pursuit of national foo
iative as a best practice, the GKC team
sources to gather a detailed understandin
e key stakeholders and schedule intervie
ions and impact of the initiative.
TICS CENTRE (NIC): ICT partner i
AL COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES (PACS) an
ating procurement centres across the state
ION (MARKFED): responsible for overall
farmers, and storage of commodities and gr
: responsible for conducting physical verifi
sion for milling.
E CIVIL SUPPLIES CORPORATION (C
IA (FCI): The CGSCSC on behalf of the Stat
tral Government run distribution centres a
rice. CGSCSC and FCI determine the amo
e allocated commodities.
S): sell commodities to consumers at govern
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
10
o of the servers host
e mirror server can be
rther replication, the
extensive research to
service delivery. The
stem in Chhattisgarh,
the most important
security, meets the
conducted thorough
of how it works. The
s with them to gain
development and
Central Cooperative
nd issuing cheques to
monitoring of paddy
anting of inter-district
ations, registration of
SCSC) AND FOOD
Government and the
cross the state, which
unt to be allocated to
ment subsidised rates
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Government of India
Lessons Learned
The reform process describe
efficient and effective.
Speedy payment to far
With the automatic generati
been addressed. Prior to 200
their produce; today, the che
Uniform procedures a
All processes involved in P
has allowed for closer monit
of millers, capture of truck d
decision makers in utilising t
in the maintenance of sufficie
Transparency and acco
Operations are recorded at efingertips of concerned
convenient for them to mon
every level can be identifi
accountable.
Involvement of citizens
With the citizen interface w
facility, citizens are activelythat PDS in Chhattisgarh
transparent manner. Thus f
been lodged, 4524 inquiries
citizens can also monitor t
transportation.
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
d in this case study has helped to make
ers
n of receipts and cheques, the delay in pa
, farmers had to wait up to six days to re
ue is issued on-the-spot, where and when t
d inventory control
S have been computerised and standardis
ring of operations and verifications at each
tails etc. It provides an account of stocks at
he inventory of commodities with greater
nt stocks required.
untability
ery step, so data is at theauthorities, making it
itor the scheme. Gaps at
d and the faulty made
ebsite and the call centre
participating in ensuringorks efficiently and in a
ar, 4777 complaints have
completed and 161 FPS licenses have been
he movement of PDS commodities via
Figure 8: A gunny
PDS/ Source: FooChhattisgarh Stat
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
11
PDS in Chhattisgarh
ments to farmers has
eive the payment for
e commodity is sold.
d. Web management
level like registration
all levels, helping the
fficiency, particularly
cancelled. Registered
SMS as sent during
bag of rice sold under the
book 2007-2008, NIC &Civil Supplies Corp
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Government of India
Looking Ahead
Overcoming challenges faced
data transmission to and froPDS in Chhattisgarh has co
and introduction of smart rati
PDS has often been scrutini
various state governments h
coupons, food stamps, and b
successful. The ICT solution
that indicate strengthening o
Madhya Pradesh are keen to
Research was carried out by the
Docume
For further information
References
http://www.cek.ef.uni-lj.s http://planningcommissio http://fcamin.nic.in/dfpd/
1&check=0
Power point presentation Food book 2007-2008, N
Corporation
Interview with NIC
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
OneWorld Foundation India
Computerizat
public distrib
in terms of establishing connectivity, uploa
m remote villages and building a uniforme a long way. Future plans include the co
on cards.
ed for its high association with corrupt p
ve tried to address the issue in several wa
iometrically coded ration cards, none of th
being used in Chhattisgarh is showing ver
f the delivery mechanism. States like Oris
ndertake similar reforms.
neWorld Foundation India (OWFI), Governance Knowled
ntation was created by Research Associate, Sapna Kedia
, please contact Naimur Rahman, Director, OWFI at owsa
/magister/singh11-B-06.pdf
n.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/stdy_pds.pdfventDetails.asp?EventId=26&Section=PDS
prepared by NIC
ational Informatics Centre & Chhattisgarh
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
12
ding reports in Hindi,
ration card database,puterisation of FPSs
ractices and although
s like bar-coded food
m have been entirely
y encouraging results
a, Uttar Pradesh and
ge Centre (GKC) team.
oneworld.net
ParentID=0&Parent=
State Civil Supplies
-
7/27/2019 Gkc Oneworld Computerisation of Paddy Procurement
14/14
Transparen
Governance Knowledge CPromoted by Department of Administrative Ref
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pe
Government of India
Appendix A Inter
1. Who are the key stakeh(PDS)? Can you explain t
2. What was the need forChattisgarh? What was th
3. Who was responsible for4. Under the project ICT too
Procurement of pr Payment to farme Storage at wareho Transfer of produ Creating a Unified Calculation of req Transportation of
Please explain the process of
5. Was the staff at each level6. There is a system in plac
distribution process. How7. Citizens can also lodge c
ensure that these complai
8. What were the major chalovercome?
9. What are the achievemenoverall functioning of the
10.Are there any enhanceme11.Which other states have s12.Can you provide us with
Number of pr Number of FP Number of rat
cy and Accounta
entrerms and Public Grievances
nsions
Researched and documented by
Computerizat
public distrib
iew Questionnaire
lders in the implementation of the Publi
e process flow between each one of them?
the computerization of the processes inv
e situation prior to it?
he technical support and know-how necess
ls have been adopted at all levels i.e.
oduce from farmers
s
sese to millers
Ration Card holder Database
ired produce to be issued to each Fair Price
roduce to the Fair Priced Shops
omputerization at each of these levels.
trained for operating the new system?
e to ensure citizens participation in checkin
is this done?omplaints through a call centre. What me
ts are addressed?
lenges faced in the implementation of the p
ts of the project? What improvements hav
PDS? Has any impact study been conducted
nts planned for the future?
own interest in replicating the project?
he following data:
curement centres
shops
on card holders
ilityCase StudyE-Governance
ion of paddy procurement and
ution system in Chhattisgarh ,
February 2011
13
Distribution System
olved in the PDS in
ry for the project?
Shops (FPS)
g any leakages in the
sures are in place to
oject? How were they
been reflected in the
?