glands and hormones the endocrine system. hormones - chemical messengers carried by blood- may...
TRANSCRIPT
•Hormones- chemical messengers carried by blood-
• May stimulate other glands
• Regulate growth, development, metabolism, sex processes
PITUITARY GLAND
• Produces many hormones that affect other glands• thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)• Somatotropin- growth hormone (GH)
stimulates protein synthesis and growth in cells• Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation• Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of
melanin in skin• ADH- antidiuretic hormone; stimulates kidneys
to reabsorb water
ACROMEGALY
• results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone (GH) after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty
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HYPOTHALAMUS
• Controls secretion of the pituitary gland
• Activity influenced by other hormones and central nervous system
THYROID• produces
hormones (Thyroxine) that control metabolism and calcium in blood.
• Thyroid gland must have a source of iodine
GOITER
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All you need is a pinch per day of salt. If you can’t have salt, you can take iodine drops.
• Too little iodine in the diet needed for proper thyroid function
HYPERTHYROIDISM
• Most commonly caused by Graves Disease, which is an autoimmune disease
• Signs include thinness, eyes that stick out like a bug (exophthalmoses)
• Leads to nervousness, weight loss, sweating, and rapid heart rate. 13
ADRENAL GLANDS
• Located just above the kidney• Secretes many
hormones• Epinephrine • Norepinephrine• Many steroid
hormones, inc estrogen and androgens.
EXCESSIVE ADRENAL HORMONES
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Cushing’s Disease- pituitary tumor (excess ACTH)
Signs/symptoms: buffalo hump, moon face, muscle loss/weakness, thin skin with striae, hyperglycemia, immune suppression
PANCREAS
• pancreatic juices into the intestine
• Alpha cells secrete glucagon- increases glucose in bloodstream by signaling liver to breakdown glycogen
• Beta cells secrete insulin, a hormone that allows glucose into cells. Promotes storage of glucose as glycogen in liver
DIABETES MELLITUS
• Cause- decreased secretion of insulin or decreased insulin sensitivity• Symptoms• Excessive thirst, excessive urination,
hyperglycemia, slow healing of skin infections, lethargy, vision problems, nerve issues• Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population• Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes
don’t know it• 225,000 die each year from complications• 132 billion/year- 10% of our health care
spending
INSULIN FACTS
• Insulin was the first hormone identified (late 1920's) which won the doctor and medical student who discovered it the Nobel Prize (Banting and Best)
• 1982 - Human Insulin- First ever approved genetically engineered human therapeutic by Genentech
DIABETES MELLITUS
• Type I diabetes (insulin dependent, usually develops in children) • Destruction of pancreatic Beta islet cells by
immune system• Need insulin injections daily throughout life.
• Type II diabetes (not insulin dependent in the beginning, usually develops in adults)• consequence of obesity: cells are less
sensitive to insulin. • Initially treated with diet and exercise.• Oral medicines or injected insulin may be
needed. 21