Mrs.Jessy Jacob, Mrs.Puvaneswari, Mrs.Vijayalakshmi

Mrs.Subha, Mrs.Abinimol, Mrs.Sherin

FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING DEPARTMENT

NARAYANA HRUDAYALAYA COLLEGE OF NURSING BANGALORE

INTRODUCTION

One of the major environmental issues haunting people is

Global warming.

Everyone agrees that our planet is getting warmer.

Global Warming is one of the most dangerous situations, that the

earth has to suffer in the upcoming years

It's very important to consider this problem, because it is the

problem of human existence.

Global warming is a phrase that is used to describe the increase

in the earth ´s temperature.

This rise in temperature is attributed to an increase in greenhouse

gases ( Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone, methane)

Levels of greenhouse gases have increased substantially over the

last century.

A huge amount of carbon dioxide is spreading day by day in our

environment.

MEANING

Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the

atmosphere . It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide,

water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light

from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere. Global warming can

occur from a variety of causes, both natural and human

induced .

Earth’s Atmospheric Gases

Nitrogen (N2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water (H2O)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

>99%

Methane (CH4)

<1%

Non-Greenhous

eGases

Greenhouse

Gases

Argon (Ar)

Report by fourth assessment- IPCC

GAS PRE INDUSTRIAL

LEVEL

CURRENT LEVEL

INCREASE SINCE 1750

CARBONDIOXIDE 280PPM 396 PPM 116PPM

METHANE 700 PPB 1745 PPB 1045PPB

NITROUS OXIDE 270 PPB 314 PPB 44PPB

CFC 0 533 PPT 533PPT

•Nitrous oxide absorbs 270 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide •Methane absorbs 21 times more heat per molecule than carbon dioxide.

GREEN HOUSE GASES

Greenhouse gases are those that can absorb and emit infrared radiation . The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are

Water vapor Carbon dioxideMethaneNitrous oxideOzone.Chlorofluorocarbons ( CFC)

GREEN HOUSE / GLASS HOUSE

Greenhouse effect

The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this

re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature

CONTRIBUTION TO GREENHOUSE GASES

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

•Natural causes

•Man-made or anthropogenic causes

Natural causes Climate Change Cycles- There are Cycles of cooling and

cycles of warming every 40,000 years

Wetlands – It is characterized by water-logged soils that contributes atmospheric methane by methanogenesis (occurs in oxygen poor environments).

Tundra geography - Freezing ground releases a large and unexpected burst of methane into the air.

Cattle - Cow releases 70 and 120 kg of Methane per year

Solar Cycles - High solar activity are on average 0.2°C warmer than times of low solar activity

Sunspots –Sunspots are relatively dark areas on the radiating surface which elevates the radiating 'surface' temperature

Volcanoes- Volcanoes release SO2, Cl2, HCl, H2O, Ash, and CO2 into the atmosphere. Over the past 100 years, the earth has warmed about one degree Fahrenheit

MAN MADE CAUSES

Power plant - Burning of fossil fuels (Coal, oil and natural gas) for the purpose of electricity generation which releases carbon dioxide carbon monoxide, methane, nitrous oxide.

Transportation/ Air pollution - Emission from motor fuel accounts for 60% of carbon emissions over the past 20 years.

Increased Population leads to global warming because of increased need for food production, animals , transportation etc

Agriculture - Rice paddies, bovine flatulence, organic matter in the soil etc releases methane to the atmosphere

Deforestation - 1.6 billion tones of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere each year by deforestation .

Trees collect the CO2 and they give back oxygen .

Construction of Building-causes global warming because

The use of electricity increases Emits CO2 while preparing of raw materials for

building Garbage can liberate carbon dioxide and other gases

Fertilizers and Chemical Industry- Thinning of ozone layer or ozone hole is

due to man-made chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC )

Plastics

Manufacture of plastics uses a lot of energy and releases pollutants.

It do not biodegrade in the environment Incineration produces more greenhouse gases.

Impact of global warmingIce melting

The ice of the Arctic region is disappearing. Summer in the Arctic could be ice free within 80 years. Melting of two massive ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland, Leads to Rise in sea levels

Floods

Climate changes leads to warming of the sea.

The warm water take up more space than cool water and surface level of sea’s increase.

Hurricanes

As the temperature of the oceans rises there is more probability for frequent and stronger hurricanes

Extreme weather Erratic weather patterns that are increasingly being

recorded around the world . It leads to wildfires and tornadoes. In 2007, more than 3,000 fires brought destruction to

Southeastern Europe

Droughts and heat waves

Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to

global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and

heat waves.

Diminished food and water suppliesReduced rainfall, severe droughts and loss of soil fertility

affects food and water suppliesIt leads to disease, malnutrition, starvation and, ultimately,

death

Tsunamis Extremely heavy, massive glaciers apply a considerable

amount of pressure to the Earth’s surface underneath them.

Diminished glaciers causes‘ freeing up’ of tectonic masses and leads to massive earthquakes and deadly tsunamis.

Increased volcanic activity Melting glaciers can cause frequent and more dangerous

episodes of volcanic activity It releases tons of gases and solids into the atmosphere

Acidic oceansHigher levels of CO2 causes ocean acidification

It is bad for coral reefs and other species.

Economic consequences Natural calamities like floods , hurricanes etc causes

damage to life, infrastructure etc

Billions of dollars are required for rehabilitation

Health consequences Vehicular fumes, industrial pollution and the stagnant hot air

associated with heat waves etc causes immediate and chronic health problems such as emphysema, bronchitis and asthma

Outbreaks of deadly diseases

Diseases like Avian ‘Flu, Cholera, Plague and Tuberculosis will

be common.

Animal extinction

Polar Bears requires ice to live and might eventually go extinct as ice melts

Sea turtles could go extinct as beaches are flooded

Other species such as elephant may go extinct as rainfall patterns change throughout the world

Animal attacks : Animals may leave their natural habitats and come in contact with human settlements leading to many deaths among humans

Largest glacier in South America is disappearing at a rate of 200 meters each year.

Melting Glaciers – Mt. Kilimanjaro

PREVENTION

Eat fresh, local and seasonal foodsReduces carbon dioxide emissions by avoiding long

distance transportation , cold storage etc

Use alternate energy sourcesElectricity generation is the dominant industrial source of

CO2 emissions. In Alternate energy sources such as Hydroelectric

power, Solar ,Wind, Nuclear power etc CO2 emissions are negligible because no fuels are burned.

Nuclear power : Releases one fiftieth of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere when compared to a coal plant.

Landfill GasCauses nitrogen oxides as well as carbon dioxide

emissions

The CO2 released from burning landfill gas is considered as a part of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.

Producing electricity from landfill gas avoids the need to use non-renewable resources to produce the same amount of electricity.

In addition, burning landfill gas prevents the release

of methane, a potent greenhouse gas into the atmosphere.

Biomass power plants

Biomass power plants emit nitrogen oxides and a small amount of sulfur dioxide.

Burning of biomass produces carbon dioxide, but it is considered as the part of the natural carbon cycle of the earth.

The plants take up carbon dioxide from the air while they are growing and then return it to the air when they are burned, thereby causing no net increase

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste

Reduce waste by choosing reusable products instead of disposables.

Buy products with minimal packaging Use cloth bags for shopping Donate unused house items rather than sending

for land fill. Make best out of waste. Recycle paper, plastic newspaper, glass and

aluminum cans. If you reduce your household garbage by

10 percent, you can save 1,200 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.

Replace regular light bulbs with compact fluorescent

light (CFL) bulbs.

CFL uses two-thirds less energy

Give off 70 percent less heat.

Lasts 10 times longer than incandescent

bulbs

Minimize the use of electricity

Buy Energy-Efficient Products : Home appliances are now available in a range of energy-efficient models.Replace old items

Avoid electronic exercising

Use full load while using dish washer or washing machines. It saves energy, time

and water

Plant a Tree

During photosynthesis, trees and other plants absorb carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.

A single tree will absorb approximately one ton of carbon dioxide during its lifetime

Use "Off" Switch

Turn off lights when leave a room

Use only as much light as you need.

Turn off television, video player, stereo and

computer when not using them.

Switch off electronic equipments such as T.V, computers ,

fan, lights etc. when not using it

Save waterReuse water

Turn off the water when not using it. While brushing your teeth shampooing the pet washing car.

Install low-flow toilets in the home, or put a bottle of water in the tank of your current toilet. The space the bottle takes up in the bottom of the tank will permit you to useless water, but keep the toilet functioning.

Use Less Air Conditioning

Dress lightly when it is hot rather than using air conditioner

or fan

Dress warmly when it is warm rather than using heaters

Control your climate naturally. watch the temperature

outside and open and close the windows accordingly.

Setting thermostat just 2 degrees lower in winter and higher

in summer could saves 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide each

year.

Drive Less and Drive Smart

Walk short distances rather than using vehicles

Use energy efficient vehicles. Choose a vehicle that has

good mileage.

keeping the tires properly inflated improves the mileage

more than 3 percent and also keeps 20 pounds of carbon

dioxide out of the atmosphere.

Check out options for carpooling ,Public transport etc.

Reduce air travel.

Encourage Others

Share information about recycling and energy conservation with friends, neighbors and co-workers

Encourage public officials to establish programs and policies

that are good for the environment.

CONCLUSIONGlobal warming is a deep rooted problem, and only a

collective effort of humanity can reduce its effects.

Global warming won't disappear overnight, but if each of

us follows the measures mentioned above we can prevent

global warming to some extent.

For us and for our future generations, each of us must

make the decision to take whatever steps are necessary to

prevent global warming

Together we can make a difference!

THANK YOU