GLIDES

GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION

OF ENDANGERED ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS

Amsterdam

Crozet Kerguelen

Terre Adélie

IOTC

CCAMLR

CCSBT

THREATS ON THE SEABIRDS OF THE SOUTHERN OCEAN

Context

MAIN GOAL

GLIDES

GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDANGERED

ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS

. To study the at-sea distribution of endangered predators to evaluate the feasibility of spatially-

explicit protective measures.

a 3 year project : 2008-2011

5 teams

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1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004No

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-4.2%/yearSooty albatross

White-chinned petrel

THREATS ON THE SEABIRDS OF THE FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES

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2200

Northern Gentoo penguin

annual rate: -1.6 %

Context

The need for the setting of new Marine Protected Areas

A first step: bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean–Septembre 2005, Hobart; Aug 2007 –Bruxelles

–Annex V Madrid Protocol 1991

Axis 1 (CNRS Chizé):The study of at-sea distribution of 14 seabird species of worrying conservation status

4 axis

Axis 2 (LOV, Villefranche):caracterization and modelization of the preferential habitats used by the predators

Axis 3 (MNHN, Paris): matching the areas highly used by the seabirds with the activity of long-lines fisheries

Axis 4 (UICN-LPO) : -Defining Important Bird Areas -Proposal of new marine protected areas

GLIDES

GLOBAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENDANGERED

ANTARCTIC SEABIRDS

Methods

AXIS 1: AT-SEA DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTHERN SEABIRDS

Summer

Winter ???Immatures ???

Charly BOSTHenri WEIMERSKIRCHKarine DELORDMaité LOUZAOJean B. THIEBOT

MainPersonnelresources

Espèce Statut Sites Tendance Fondation Albert II GLIDES

Grand albatros Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √ √

Albatros d’Amsterdam En Danger Critique Amsterdam √ √

Albatros fuligineux à dos clair Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √ √

Albatros fuligineux à dos sombre En Danger Crozet, Amsterdam √ √

Albatros à sourcils noirs En Danger Kerguelen √ √

Albatros à bec jaune En Danger Amsterdam √ √

Pétrel géant subantarctique Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √

Pétrel géant Antarctique Presque menacée Crozet √

Pétrel à menton blanc Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √ √

Pétrel gris Presque menacée Kerguelen √ √

Gorfou sauteur Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √

Gorfou sauteur d’Amsterdam En Danger Amsterdam √

Gorfou macaroni Vulnérable Crozet, Kerguelen √

Manchot papou Presque menacée Crozet, Kerguelen √

Manchot empereur Peu concerné Terre Adélie √

15 species concerned Status of Conservation:vulnerable-critical

Tracking the immaturesTracking the immatures

Miniaturized PTTS Juveniles - Non -breeders

Procellariiforms

35 Solar PTTs, 18 g

Penguins

12 PTTs, Wildlife, Sirtack

Wandering albatrossWandering albatrossCrozet Crozet (Feb-Jul 08)(Feb-Jul 08) & & Kerguelen Kerguelen (Jan-Jul 08)(Jan-Jul 08)9 immatures9 immatures

50%

UD

95%

75%

Colony

50%

UD

95%

75%

Colony

Distribution of young Albatross according to the locality

KERGUELEN CROZET

UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins

Wandering albatrossWandering albatross

KerguelenKerguelen10 juveniles 10 juveniles (Nov-07 to Jul-08)(Nov-07 to Jul-08)

UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins

Wandering albatrossWandering albatrossCrozet Crozet breedersbreeders26 M & 26 F26 M & 26 F(Jan-Mar 08)(Jan-Mar 08)

UPR1934-Équipe Écologie des Oiseaux et Mammifères Marins

Previous data (1989 - 2003):124 M & 77 F

Kernel density (h=0.5) or utilisation distributions (UDs) maps. UDs provides probability contours indicating the relative time that birds spend in particular areas, i.e. birds spend 50% of their time within a 50% UD contour. Here are presented 50%, 75% and 95% UDs areas.

50%

UD

95%

75%

Colonie

Tracking the adults after breeding: Tracking the adults after breeding: winterwinterUse of light-based geolocators

Num

ber

of p

airs

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Amsterdam17 adults , (Nov-07 to Dec-08)

Limites des zones économiques exclusives (ZEE)

Zone IOTC

Yellow-nosed albatrossYellow-nosed albatross

-3.2 % / an

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Status: Endangered

Three species of Three species of Eudyptes Eudyptes penguins in the Southern Indian Oceanpenguins in the Southern Indian Ocean

Amsterdam

CrozetKerguelen

Australia

Antarctica

S.Africa

Macaroni penguin

Southern Rockhopper penguinNorthern Rockhopper penguin© Arthur Morris

PENGUINS

ResultsResultsAustralia

Antarctica

Kerguelen

Macaroni penguins, Kerguelen 2006, n=12 (7♂, 5♀)

Range (km)

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3500

Summer Winter

Total distance (km)

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Summer Winter

Time (days)

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Summer Winter

Mean speed (m/s)

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0.2

0.4

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1

Summer Winter

3680 km

Bost, Thiebot, et al. Biology Letters 2009

Subantarctic Zone

Polar Frontal Zone

Antarctic Zone

Kernel analysis – 50/95%

Subantarctic Zone

Antarctic Zone

Macaroni winter trips – Kerguelen 2006

Polar Frontal Zone

Wintering MACARONI PENGUINS(Kerguelen)

Wintering Rockhopper penguins, Crozet

Recovery rate : (22 GLS deployed 12 recovered

Crozet Is.Marion Is.

Max foraging range : 2400 km

Thesis Jean- Baptiste THIEBOT

Crozet Is. Marion Is.

Kernel density distribution contours

50 %95 %

Marine protected area project - Marion Is.

Collaboration France –South AfricaDel Cano Project

CharacteriseCharacterise and model the preferential habitats

used by seabirds and their prey

Axis 2: Habitats (LOV, Prof. P.Koubbi)

main personnel resources Philippe Koubbi Frédéric Ibanez

Carole Vallet

+ 1 Engineer 20 months (Anne Goarant)

Bioregionalisation of the Southern Ocean (WWF, Hobart 2006)

Eudyptes chrysocome cumulated trips

Model of spatial occurrence prediction of Eudyptes species

Habitat modelling using bioregionalisation : obtaining prediction of Habitat modelling using bioregionalisation : obtaining prediction of occurrence in the studied areaoccurrence in the studied area

© Arthur Morris

But… But… very few biotic information available during winter:very few biotic information available during winter:poor understanding of the patterns observedpoor understanding of the patterns observed

KerguelenCrozet

© Arthur Morris

KerguelenKerguelen

CrozetCrozet

CrozetCrozet

KerguelenKerguelen

Rockhopper p.

Macaroni p.

Axis 3: DISTRIBUTION OF PREDATORS AND FISHERIES ACTIVITIES

(Prof. Guy Duhamel, Museum National Histoire Naturelles, MNHN, Paris)

Axis 3: DISTRIBUTION OF PREDATORS AND FISHERIES ACTVITIES (Prof. Guy Duhamel, MNHN, Paris)

aimsaims To To evaluate the zonal differences in mortality rates from the

data provided by the fisheries. To test the overlapping for the regions and the species

between the effective and predicted distribution with the distribution of longline fisheries

main personnel resources -1Post-Doc 1 year

-1 technician 16 months

Birds from:

Crozet Kerguelen

1989-91Chalut

1992-2001Chalut + Palangre

2002-2008 Palangre

Index de Recoupement (UDOI)

1989-1991: 0,061992-2001: 0,192002-2008: 0,32

Distribution of tracked seabirds vs.fisheries

Post- doc Cédric Cotté

Axis 4: CONSERVATION

DEFINITION OF IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS (Resp. Thierry Micol, LPO/Birdlife France)

-identification of “Important Bird Areas (IBAs)”(following BirdLife International criterias)

-adding data to “Global Procellariiform Tracking Database”.

-participation to international communication campaigns.

-Promotion of practical solutions to reduce bycatch (CCAMLR)

Axis 4 : CONSERVATION: Proposition of new MPAs

Aims

To organize into a hierachy the marine habitats in terms of priority, basing on the levels of predicted species’s occurrences, and the activities of the fisheries

To promote for each area a conservation status according to IUCN criteria for MPAs

GLIDES

 

On a fundamental issue:

key informations concerning the habitats used by endangered seabirds.

On a conservation issue

determine the overlap between at-sea distribution of seabird and fisheries (current & potential

interactions).

identification of the areas of higher risks and the concerned RFMOs for the management of fisheries with high risk (by-catch).

evaluate the feasibility of spatially explicit protective measures (MAPs)

for seabird during keys periods of the life cycle.