glimpses of indian history
DESCRIPTION
Indian History from pre historic period to Independence for Civil service ExaminationTRANSCRIPT
GLIMPSES OF INDIAN HISTORY
ANCIENT INDIA 200000 BC TO 2500 BC
Stone age Age of stone tools Divided into 3 ages
PaleolithicFood gatherers
MesolithicPartly adopted settled way of
life
NeolithicDomestication
started
NORTHERN BLACK POLISHED WARE
NBPW characteristic of the urban centers in Ganges plain, is thought to have developed from high firing techniques used in smelting iron and local hematite soil.
RELIGION
Mother goddess and Pashupathi (protector of animals)
HARAPPA AND MOHENJADHARO 2000 BC TO 1000 BC
Alexander Cunningham discovered in 1875. He was the first director general of ASI (archaeological survey of India)
Also known as Indus valley civilization.
Sumerians called this area ‘Meluha’.
TOWN PLANNING IN HARAPPA
Drainage system Great bathCitadelStreets cutting at right anglesBaked bricks Social stratification
SOME FACTS
•Harappans domesticated cattle, pig, dog, sheep goat etc.•But was not aware of Horse.•Though in ‘Surkotada’ bones of horses were found.
VEDIC CIVILIZATION 1000 BC - 600 BC
Vedas were composed •Rigveda•Samaveda•Yajurveda•Atharvaveda
LITERATURE
Sutras, Smrithis, puranas, Aaranyakas darsanas brahmanas etc were composed
CASTE SYSTEM
RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS 600 BC - 400 BC
Vedic religion lost purity Religious renaissance started with
Jainism and Budhism.
MAHAJANAPADAS
RISE OF MAGHADHA
Naturally protected with Himalayas bay of Bengal Ganga Yamuna and Vindhya Satpura.
Rich in Iron wealth. Rulers were Jarasandha Sahadeva Bimbisara
Ajathasathru (kanthaka, rathamoorshala)
Udayin (Patna) Sisunaga Kalashoka (3rd Buddhist council) Mahapadma nanda (Barber) Dhanananda (Alexander 327-325 BC) Chandraguptha Maurya(chankya) Bindusara Asoka (Indian constantine)
MAURYAN EMPIRE IN DETAIL
Chankya – Arthasasthra treatise on Administration.
Indica by Megasthenes
ASOKAS DHAMMA 268-232 BC
•261 BC kalinga war heavy bloodbath.•Embraced budhism.•Acquired name Devanam piya piyadashi (James Princep)•Dhammaghosha Instead of Bherighosha.•Dhamma was a Way of Life.•All men are my children.•Later Mauryans were not popular.
POST MAURYAN INDIA 200 – 300 AD
Sungas (112 years , Pushyamithra sunga ) Kanvas Ghanasangas Satavahanas (Gautami putra satakarni) Indo Greeks (Meander- Milindapanha) Sakas Parthians Kushanas ( gold coin)
GUPTHA EMPIRE 320-550 AD
Sri Guptha Golden age of
India Samudragupth
a (Indian Nepolean)
Chandraguptha Vikramaditya (9)
Kumaraguptha Skandaguptha
A POET SAINT NAMED GYANDEV INTRODUCED SNAKE LADDER, THE GAME OF CHESS WAS ALSO INVENTED THEN.
ART AND ARCHITECTURE
POST GUPTHA AGE 550-750
Harshavardhana (aihole, huen tsang )
South India under Muvendar
Chera (cheraman perumal)
Chola (karikala, rajendra)
Pandya (sundarapandya
Prathiharas Pallavas Hoysalas Palas Chalukyas
MEDIEVAL INDIA
AD 712 Muhammed bin qasim conquered Sindh.
Mahmud Ghazni invaded 17 times Muhamed ghori from Ghur AD 1175
(prithviraj) Bhakhyar khalji (Nalanda)
DELHI SULTANATE
Quttubudin Aibak slave dynasty1206-90 Aaram bakh sha Illtumish (delhi made capital) Ruknudin firuz Sulthana Raziya- yakut Bahram sha Masud sha Nasirudhin mahmud Ghiyassudin Balban
Kaikubad Khilji dynasty 1290 1320 Jallaludhin khalji Alaudin khalji Malik kafur Tughlaq Ghiyassudin tughlak Muhammad bin Tughlaq Firoz shah tughlaq Sayyid dynasty Lodhi dynasty Bahavul lodhi Sikander lodhi Ibrahim lodhi
RELIGION AND CULTURE
HinduismBhakthi
movementAdvaitha DvaithaVisistadvaithaSudhadhvaitha
Sikhism Guru NanakGuru Grantha
sahibGuru arjunGuru teg bahadur Guru gobind
RELIGION AND CULTURE
Sufism Muslim saints who
advocated purity and renunciation in life (music)
Chisti silsila Khwaja abdal chisti Suhrawadi silsilaFirdausi silsilaShattari silsilaQadri silsila
MUGHAL EMPIRE
Babur 1484-15305th Generation from Timur (paternal) and
15th generation from Chengizkhan (maternal)
Invited by Daulat khan lodhiDefeated Ibrahimlodhi in 1st panipat 1526Battle of Khanwa 1527Battle of chanderi 1528Babur Nama
Humayun 1530-40 & 1555 -56 Lost to Sher khan (Sher shah prominent
ruler of north sur empire 1540-45)In 1555 defeated Surs but died a year later.Akbar 1556 -16051556 2nd battle of panipat with HemuFatehpur sikriBuland darwazaDin ilahiAbul faizalAbu fazal
Jahangir 1605 -27Noorjahan junta Khusru –khuramArjun devPainting flourishedJohn Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe (1615-18)
Shajahan (1628-58)Mumtaz Peacock throne Tajmahal
Dara shikov Aurangazeb 1658 -1707Bahadur shaJahandar shaFarrukh siyyar Muhammed sha rangeelaAhamed sha Alamgir Sha alamAkbar shaBahadur sha
MARATHA AGE
Sivaji 1630 -80•Haindava Dharmmodharak•Peshwas
MODERN INDIA
3rd Battle of Panipat 1761Haider ali Tippu sulthan Marthanda varmaSubsidiary alliance by Lord wellesely
ADVENT OF EUROPEANS
Portuguese Dutch Danish French British Carnatic war Battle of Plassey 1757
REVOLT OF 1857
Wahabi movement Kukka movement Sanyasi santhal movement Pig fat smeared cartridge and cow meat
issue Nana sahib Tantia tope Rani lakshmi bhai Bhahadur sha
INDIAN RENAISSANCE
Ram Mohan Roy – William Bentict Sati Thugs Ramkrishna Vivekananda Theosophical society Arya samaj
RISE OF INDIAN NATIONALISM
Indian national congress Extremism Arrival of Gandhi 1915 January 9 Satyagraha Netaji Bagath singh Aurobindo Ghosh
Quit India movement 1947 august 15 Lord Mount Batten
signed agreement of Independence…..
OUR GREATEST GLORY IS NOT IN NEVER FALLING, BUT IN RISING EVERY TIME WE FALL.
CONFUCIUS