global change, species diversity, and the future of marine ecosystems

Global Change, Species Diversity, and the Future of

Marine Ecosystems

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Climate Change in a Systems Context

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Global Change in a Systems Context

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Does Community Structure Alter Ecosystem Function?

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Does Diversity Alter Ecosystem Function?

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Manipulation of Both Diversity and Density

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Predator Richness Indirectly Affects Water Filtration

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Which Driver has a Stronger Impact on Ecosystem Function?

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Database: Experiments

! 574 independent experiments ! 192 peer-reviewed papers ! 541 types of organisms (spp, morphs) ! 30 biomes ! 5 continents •  Effect of diversity = log(polyculture/monoculture)

Meta-Analysis of Diversity Manipulations

Meta-Analysis of Diversity and Environmental Manipulations

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Nonlinear Effect of Diversity on Productivity

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Will Environmental Change have Cascading Consequences?

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Effect of Kelp Removal on Richness Change After Multiple Removals

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Santa Barbara Coastal LTER Sampling of Rocky Reefs

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Sampling of Rocky Reefs 2000-2009

Food Webs Vary Dramatically in Space

Food Webs Vary Dramatically over Time

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Quantifying Food Web Structure

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1.  Big waves initially promote algal diversity & food web complexity

2.  Ultimately, loss of foundation species leads to simplified food webs

Climate Change May Simplify Kelp Forest Food Webs

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Using the Fossil Record To Understand Current Extinction Threat

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How Will Climate Change Alter Coastal Ecosystems?

How Will Climate Change Alter Coastal Ecosystems?

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Agarum, Alaria, Eisenia, Ecklonia, Eckloniopsis, Kjemenniella, Laminaria, Undaria

Laminaria

Laminaria, Alaria, Agarum, Arthrothamnus, Costaria, Cymathere, Dictyoneurum, Egregia, Lessoniopsis, Nereocystis, Pleurophycus, Pterygophora, Saccharina, Thallasiophyllum

Lessonia, Macrocystis,

Eisenia Laminaria, Macrocystis, Ecklonia Lessonia,

Macrocystis, Ecklonia

Agarum, Alaria, Saccharina, Laminaria

Ecklonia

Laminaria, Alaria, Macrocystis, Eisenia, Agarum, Costaria, Dictyoneurum, Egregia, Saccharina, Lessoniopsis, Nereocystis, Pelagophycus, Pleurophycus, Postelsia, Pterygophora

Macrocystis

Laminaria

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What are the Consequences of Food Web Complexity?

Predator diversity reduces herbivory Byrnes et al. 2006,

Byrnes and Stachowicz 2009

Predator diversity increases herbivory Finke and Denno 2004

Predator diversity doesn’t affect herbivory

Finker and Snyder 2008 (or, # of herbivores anyway)

Predator diversity shortcuts herbivory

Bruno and O’Connor 2005

A Probabilistic Approach to Food Webs and Extinctions

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Climate Change, Food Web Complexity, And Productivity: Salt Marshes

How Will Human Driven Shifts in Marine Food Webs Alter Ocean Productivity and Stability?

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The Future of Open Science

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Acknowledgements Mentors: Jay Stachowicz, Dan Reed, Bradley Cardinale

Collaborators: Kyle Edwards, Russ Schmidt, Sally Holbrook, Kyle Cavanaugh

SBC LTER: Clint Nelson, Christine Donahue, Shannon Harrer, Gabe Rodriguez, Matt Silbert, Jocelyn Christie, Countless SBC LTER Divers

Funding: National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, NSF LTER Program, Bodega Marine Lab, NSF IGERT Program

global change, species diversity, and the future of marine ecosystems

Technology