global conveyor belt
DESCRIPTION
Global Conveyor Belt. Conveyor Belt Circulation. Diagnose conveyor belt pathways Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis) Water mass analysis T, S, O 2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways NADW production Where, how & change over time Transient tracers - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Global Conveyor Belt
Conveyor Belt Circulation
• Diagnose conveyor belt pathways– Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis)
• Water mass analysis
– T, S, O2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways
• NADW production
– Where, how & change over time
• Transient tracers
–water mass pathways & age since ventilation
Global Conveyor Belt
Global Circulation
Global Heat Transport
Global Heat Transport
Water Mass Analyses
Water Mass Analyses
Global Surface Water Masses
Deep Water Masses
Locations of Deep Water Production
WOCE A16 Line
Atlantic Circulation
Atlantic Circulation
Global Conveyor Belt
Global Conveyor Belt
NADW
AAIW
AABW
Med
Global Conveyor Belt
Global Conveyor Belt
Global Conveyor Belt
Tracing Out AA Water Masses
Following AAIW
Atlantic Circulation
North Atlantic Currents
NADW Production
Working in the Labrador Sea
Global Conveyor Belt
NADW Production
NADW Simulatio
nOGCM simulation of NADW dispersal
1/4o eddy permitting
300 year experiment
Tracer is release in North Atlantic
Followed in time
NADW Simulatio
nOGCM simulation of NADW dispersal
Model tracer @ depth of max NADW outflow
100 y
300 y
1000 y
Mankind to the rescue!!!
Transient Tracers
A22 CFC-12 Concentrations
STMW
GS
DeepCaribbean
AAIW
High CFC’s – recently ventilated waters
Low CFC’s – old water
NAD
W
Transient Tracers
Pacific P16 CFC-12
AAIW
AABWVery Old Water
CFC’s as Transient Tracers
Mixing with ocean imprints ventilated waters w/ CFC levels
Provides a ventilation “age” for water mass
Atmospheric CFC’s are now dropping
Good for the O3 hole
Bad for tracer work…
A22 CFC-12 Concentrations
STMW
GS
DeepCaribbean
AAIW
High CFC’s – recently ventilated waters
Low CFC’s – old water
NAD
W
Atlantic A22 CFC-12 Age
Age calculations by Bill Smethie & Samar Khatiwala [LDEO]
STMW
DeepCaribbean
AAIW
NAD
W
Transient Tracer Age
Ocean & atmosphere CFC concentrations are used to determine a pCFC age
Takes into account exchanges of CFC at sea surface
Lots of assumptions…
Labrador Sea Water age
Transient Tracers
OGCM simulation of atmos CFC dispersal
1/4o eddy permitting
120 year experiment
Tracer is exchanged by sea surface
Followed in time
Anthropogenic CO2
Anthropogenic CO2
CFCs & CO2 observations are used to estimate anthropogenic CO2
Globally 118 +/- 19 Pg C
Nearly ½ of all fossil fuel CO2 are in oceans
Sabine et al. [2005]
Anthropogenic CO2
Another Conveyor Belt
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are needed to see this picture.
Meridional Overturning Circulation
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Overturning circulation in Sverdrups
Is Overturning Slowing?
Is Overturning Slowing?
• Stronger southward transport in upper ocean• Decrease in NADW flow south
NADW
Is Overturning Slowing?
Global Conveyor Belt
Conveyor Belt Circulation
• Diagnose conveyor belt pathways– Mass, volume, heat & salt budgets (inverse analysis)
• Water mass analysis
– T, S, O2 & Nuts provide water mass pathways
• NADW production
– Where, how & change over time
• Transient tracers
–water mass pathways & age since ventilation