global diseases - smallpox yearlocation 1520–1527mexico, central america, south america...
TRANSCRIPT
Global Diseases - Global Diseases - SmallpoxSmallpox
Year Location
1520–1527 Mexico, Central America, South America
1561–1562 Chile
1617–1619 North America northern east coast
1674 Cherokee Tribe
1692 Boston, MA
1702–1703 St. Lawrence Valley, NY
1721 Boston, MA
1736 Pennsylvania
1738 South Carolina
1770s West Coast of North America
1781–1783 Great Lakes
1830s Alaska
1860–1861 Pennsylvania
1865–1873 Philadelphia, PA, New York, Boston, MA and New Orleans, LA
1877 Los Angeles, CA
1902 Boston, Massachusetts
10,000 B.C.
New World – Smallpox History
1979.12Is Is Smallpox Smallpox History?History?
19 、 20t
h century
About the article – VocabularyAbout the article – Vocabularyeradicateeradicate - to destroy or get rid of something
completely
omniomnipresentpresent - present everywhere
rashrash - an area of red spots on a person’ s skin
caused by an illness or a reaction to something
wardward - a separate room in the hospital for people with
the same type of medical condition
quarantinequarantine - to keep a person or an animal away
from others in order to prevent the
disease from spreading
About the article – VocabularyAbout the article – Vocabularyscenarioscenario – a description of how things might happen
in the future
arsenalarsenal – a collection of weapons such as
guns and explosives
stockpilestockpile – a large supply of something that is kept
to be used in the future if necessary
rage onrage on – to continue in a violent way
CDCCDC – the abbreviation of “Centers for Disease
Control”
First paragraph First paragraph 1.It took about four weeks for the smallpox to
be diagnosed since a pilgrim first had a fever in February, 1972.
2.During the four weeks, 150 people were infected across the country.
About the article – Main ideaAbout the article – Main idea
About the article – Main ideaAbout the article – Main idea
Second & Third paragraph Second & Third paragraph 1.A vaccine campaign and a quarantine for at
least 2 weeks limited the damage lasted for 9 weeks.
2.It might seem impossible to happen again today but some experts fear that the release of smallpox virus into the population may be only a matter of time.
About the article – Main ideaAbout the article – Main idea
Fourth & Fifth paragraph Fourth & Fifth paragraph
About the article – Main ideaAbout the article – Main idea
The 1972 outbreak now
Smallpox vaccine program
Vaccine campaignSuspended nearly a
generation ago
Spread speed
Contact not so frequently
Tens of thousands of travelers cross
borders every hour
Vaccine supply
Enough to protect its entire population
Apparently not enough
Sixth & Seven paragraph Sixth & Seven paragraph 1.The debate over whether to destroy or
preserve the remaining stocks of smallpox virus rages on.
2.The central issue is that the threat of smallpox persists. Only a concerted effort to replenish vaccine supplies will afford us safety.
About the article – Main ideaAbout the article – Main idea
Do you know the disease?Do you know the disease?
登革熱
霍亂
破傷風
狂犬病
eight guesses: eight guesses:
2.terrorism
3.climate change
4.atomic warfare
5.aerolite hit
6.AI(artificial intelligence)
7.volcano eruption
8.cosmic rays
The end-time of the world?The end-time of the world?
1.epidemic
About the article – DiscussionAbout the article – DiscussionDo you believe that human will someday be
under the threat of smallpox again? Why or why not?
If you are the one who can decide whether to destroy or preserve the remaining stocks of smallpox virus, what will you do?
The author suggests that by replenishing vaccine supplies can lower the risk of the another outbreak of smallpox. Can you think of another way?
When we produce seasonal When we produce seasonal vaccine, we have to predict the vaccine, we have to predict the evolution of influenza viruses. evolution of influenza viruses.
How do they do that?
Southeast Asia Southeast Asia the culprit in flu epidemicsthe culprit in flu epidemics
About the article – VocabularyAbout the article – Vocabularybatonbaton – a small light stick that one member of a team
in a relay race passes to the next person to
run
culprit culprit – a person or thing responsible for causing a
problem
reservoirreservoir – a large amount of something that is
available to be used
strain strain – a particular type of plant or animal, or of a
disease caused by bacteria, etc.
About the article – VocabularyAbout the article – Vocabularysurveillancesurveillance – the act of carefully watching a person
suspected of a crime or a place
where a crime may be committed
thrivethrive – to become, and continue to be, successful,
strong, healthy, etc.
temperatetemperate – having a mild temperature without
extremes of heat or cold
According to the World Health Organization,
influenza epidemics infect about 5~15% of the world’s population each year.
Anywhere between 3~5 million are severe cases and about 250,000 and 500,000 deaths occur.
Don’t underestimate influenza!Don’t underestimate influenza!
Annual epidemics originate from somewhere in the tropics, particular in places such as Southeast Asia.
A team of researchers have discovered how strains of the flu virus emerge in Asia, circulate around the continent then migrate to start seasonal epidemics elsewhere.
Where do the flu viruses come from?Where do the flu viruses come from?
When do influenza cause epidemicsWhen do influenza cause epidemics？？In general influenza normally causes
epidemics during the winter in temperate zones, and during the rainy season in the tropics.
Why do people easily get flu in Why do people easily get flu in winter?winter?
Natural vitamin D levels decrease Greater indoor crowding during cold or wet
winter
→the virus is always active somewhere in the region
About the article – DiscussionAbout the article – DiscussionAlthough the vaccine’s benefits of preventin
g suffering and death from serious infectious diseases outweigh the risks of rare effects following immunization.
→What’s your opinion? Do you agree using
vaccine?