global distribution of chlorophyll estimated from ocean ... · dissolved oxygen in seawater units...
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Dissolved oxygen in seawaterDissolved oxygen in seawaterUnits and ranges
Dissolved oxygen in seawater ranges Dissolved oxygen in seawater ranges from 0from 0--10 mg L10 mg L--11
The atomic mass of OThe atomic mass of O22 (32g) (32g) corresponds to 22.4 litres at STP, so 5 corresponds to 22.4 litres at STP, so 5 ml Lml L--1 1 = 5 X 32/22.4 i.e. about 7 mg L= 5 X 32/22.4 i.e. about 7 mg L--11
The maximum oxygen concentration The maximum oxygen concentration in seawater (~ 7 ml Lin seawater (~ 7 ml L--11) is therefore ) is therefore about 30 times lower than in air (200/7)about 30 times lower than in air (200/7)
The solubility of oxygen depends on The solubility of oxygen depends on the salinity and temperature of the the salinity and temperature of the water. 0 5
10 15 20 25 30 35
0
12.525
37.5
0
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4
6
8
10
12
14
16
14-1612-1410-128-106-84-62-40-2
O2(mgL-1)
T (o C)
O2(mg L-1)
OO22 is usually measured in mg Lis usually measured in mg L--11 or ml Lor ml L--11
water.
Salinity
Fontes e poços de oxigénio Fontes e poços de oxigénio dissolvido na água do mar
Fontes
Poços
Mistura
dissolvido na água do mar
Rearejamento I0
Oceano
Atmosfera
δIδz
= - kI
1% I0Luz (µmol m-2 s-1)
Produçãoprimária
Advecção& difusão
Zona fóticaProfundidadede compensação Zona disfótica
Consumo heterotrófico
Decomposição por bactérias Profundidade z (m)
Unidades de radiaçãoUnidades de radiação
Unidade Conversão em Tipo Significado/Comentários
lux (lx) 6 X 10-6 ly min-1 Luz à superfície do oceanolux (lx) 1 IC m-2 Fluxo (iluminação/tempo)international candle (IC) Iluminaçãolangley 1 gcal cm-2 Energia/áreaeinstein (1 mol) 6.02 X 1023 quanta Energiaeinstein 52000 gcal Energia para λ=550 nmgcal 4.185 Joule Energiaµeinstein m-2 s-1 Densidade de 500-1500 (aprox.)
potência (à superfície do oceano)wm-2 1 J s-1 m-2 Densidade de 200-600 (aprox.)
potência (à superfície do oceano)
Adaptado de: Parsons, Takahashi & Hargrave, 1984. Biological Oceanographic Processes 3rd. Ed. e Jërlov - Light in the Sea
Surface
0 10 20 km
GISGIS -- Dissolved OxygenDissolved OxygenTagusTagus estuaryestuarySummer Winter
Surface
0 10 20 km
Summer D.O. (mg/l)
Bottom Winter D.O. (mg/l)
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
GISGIS -- Dissolved OxygenDissolved OxygenTagusTagus estuary estuary -- SummerSummer
Surface
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
D.O. (mg/l)
Surface - Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - BottomD.O. (mg/l)
GISGIS -- Dissolved OxygenDissolved OxygenTagusTagus estuary estuary -- WinterWinter
Surface D.O. (mg/l)
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - BottomD.O. (mg/l)
Surface
0 10 20 km
GISGIS -- Oxygen SaturationOxygen SaturationTagusTagus estuaryestuarySummer Winter
Surface
0 10 20 km
Summer Oxygen Sat (%)
Bottom Winter Oxygen Sat (%)
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
GISGIS -- Oxygen SaturationOxygen SaturationTagusTagus estuary estuary -- SummerSummer
Surface Oxygen Sat (%)
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - BottomOxygen Sat (%)
GISGIS -- Oxygen SaturationOxygen SaturationTagusTagus estuary estuary -- WinterWinter
Surface Oxygen Sat (%)
0 10 20 km
Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - Bottom
0 10 20 km
Surface - BottomOxygen Sat (%)
Tejo estuary Tejo estuary –– dissolved oxygen in dissolved oxygen in the maximum turbidity zonethe maximum turbidity zone
Data from BarcaWin2000
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
O2
(mg
L-1)
Oxygen sag
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Julian day
Tejo estuary Tejo estuary –– D.O. And % saturation OD.O. And % saturation O22in the maximum turbidity zonein the maximum turbidity zone
Dis
solv
ed o
xyge
n (m
g L-1
)
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Perc
enta
ge s
atur
atio
n O
2(%
)
% saturation
D.O.
0 50 100 150 200 250 300Julian day
350 400
Data from BarcaWin2000
Black Sea Black Sea –– SeaWifs image SeaWifs image
http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov
Bosporus
Danube estuary
Black Sea Black Sea –– CirculationCirculationFreshwater input from the NW coastFreshwater input from the NW coast
Name Catchment Length Total Total Sediment area runoff runoff dischargekm2 km km3 y-1 m3 s-1 106 t y-1
Danube 817000 2860 208 6596 51.7Dnieper 505810 2285 51.2 1624 2.12Dniester 71990 1328 10.2 323 2.5Southern Bug 68000 857 3 95 0.53Chorokh 22000 500 8.69 276 15.13Rioni 13300 228 12.8 406 7.08Inguri 4060 221 4.63 147 2.78Kodori 2030 84 4.08 129 1.01Bzyb 1410 - 3.07 97 0.6Yesilrmak - 416 4.93 156 18Kizilrmak - 1151 5.02 159 16Sakarya - 790 6.38 202 -Total 1505600 8363 306 9693 83
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