global distribution of heat text. spectra of incoming vs. outgoing radiation text
TRANSCRIPT
Global distribution of heat
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Spectra of incoming vs. outgoing radiation
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Heat loss and gain from the oceans
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The Modern Ocean Conveyor Belt
North Atlantic circulation
NorthAtlantic
Atlantic deep-water circulation
Global deep-ocean circulation
Phanerozoic glaciation
Gondwana moves over the South Pole
Vail – 1st & 2nd order SL cycles
Sea level & spreading rates
-4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Distance from ridge crest (kilometers)
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
Dep
th (
met
ers)
0
510
2030
4050 60
10
2030
4050
60
Relation of Sea-Floor Age to Depth and Spreading Rate
Pacific
AtlanticSW
Indian
MOR
Age of crust (My)
Cretaceous – fast spreading 6-8 cm/yr
Modern spreading – 3-4 cm/yr
Ocean basins and continental collision
Fragmented continents – high SL
Assembled continents riding high
Global ice volume
Vail – 1st & 2nd order SL cyclesCretaceous high
Cretaceous 100 Ma Land & ocean
Latitudinal heat distribution – Cretaceous
Modern deep-water circulation
Cretaceous deep-water circulation
Cretaceous sources of dense water
Mid-Cretaceous Europe
Cretaceous warm deep water circulation
Cretaceous warm deep water circulation
Breaking up Pangaea
Opening the Atlantic – Pangaea / Permian
Opening the Atlantic – Permian
Opening the Atlantic – Triassic
Opening the Atlantic – Early Jurassic
Opening the Atlantic Middle Jurassic
Opening the Atlantic – Middle Jurassic
Opening the Atlantic – Late Jurassic
Opening the Atlantic – Early Cretaceous
Opening the Atlantic Middle Cretaceous
Opening the Atlantic – Middle Cretaceous
Opening the Atlantic – Late Cretaceous
Isotope record since the Late Cretaceous
Ice volume and isotopes
d18O of ice at poles
Isotope record since the Late Cretaceous
Ocean gateways – submarine plateaus
Isolating Antarctica
North Atlantic Iceland-FaeroeRidge
North Atlantic features
Caribbean Sea
Gulf of Mexico
Panama
Antilles Islands (volcanic)
Puerto Rican Trench
Amazon Cone
Caribbean Sea
Cayman Trough
South Atlantic
SouthAmerica
Africa
Antarctica
Walvis Ridge
Rio Grande Rise & Vema Channel
Drake Passage
Walvis Ridge
Patagonia & Drake Passage
Antarctic Peninsula
(1) Falkland Plateau & Islands
(2) South Sandwich Trench & Islands
Southern Ocean
Australia
South America
South Africa
Southern Indian Ocean
Australia
Africa
Kerguelen Plateau
Antarctica
Tasman Plateau
Northern Indian Ocean
90 East Ridge
Chagos- Laccadive Plateau
Australia & New Zealand
Cenozoic – Paleocene
Cenozoic – Eocene
Late Cenozoic Sea level
Cenozoic – Oligocene
Cenozoic – Miocene
Modern continental ice
High topography Western North America
Orographic effect
India collides
Tibetan Plateau
Looking into the Himalayas
Himalayas and monsoons
Sediment flux to ocean basins – 40 Ma
Strontium isotopes 400 Ma
Closure of Panama – Pliocene
Table SL fall 80 Ma