GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

2010 HARVARD WORLD ECONOMIC FORUMDebashree Pal | Robert D. Miguel

71% WATER

29% LAND

21% NATIONAL

JURISDICTION

50% HIGH SEA

GOVERNANCE OF OCEANS

Ocean Environment Damage•

Ocean Territorial Issues•

What is the Ocean Garbage Patch?

How does the waste end up in the Ocean?

20%

80%

COMMON POLLUTANTS

10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year

What is it made up of?

10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year

What is it made up of?

10%100milliontonnesofplasticproduced/year

What is it made up of?

90%PLASTIC

Plasticaccountsfor90%ofoceanwaste.Everysquarekilometerofsea

contains46,000piecesofplastic.

Waste travels from the shore with Ocean Currents

NorthPacificGyre

NorthAtlanticGyre

SouthPacificGyre

SouthAtlanticGyre

Indian Ocean Gyre

5 OCEAN GYRES

Because 40% of the oceans are classified as subtropical gyres, a fourth of the planet’s

surface area has become an accumulator of floating plastic debris.

Thepatchhasbeengrowingtenfoldeverydecadesincethe1950s.It is approximated to me twice of Texas and 10m deep.

~1,760,000 squarekilometers

Plasticde

bris

300feet/100

meter

TEXAS TEXAS

Plasticingestionorentanglementkills100,000marinemammalsandturtlesayear,andoveronemillionbirds

Howdoesitaffectus?

PLASTIC

PLASTICPOLYMERS

SMALL FISH

BIG FISH

HUMAN

PresentInternationalMaritimeBoundary

ProposedExtensionofBoundary

The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.

The IMF has proposals to extend the boundaries from 200 nautical miles. The Garbage Patch will still remain in international waters.

ProposedExtensionofBoundary

UNITED NATIONS CONVENTIONS ON THE LAW OF THE SEA (UNCLOS) GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF THE SEA

TERRITORIAL SEA

12 n miles 19.3 km

CONTIGUOUS ZONE

24 n miles = 38.65 km

EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC

ZONE 200 n m

iles = 322 km

CONTINENTAL SHELF

seabed, subsoil

12 n mi 24 n mi 200 n mi

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE POLES?

LOOKING AT THE WORLD FROM ANOTHER PERSPECTIVE

THE ARCTICS THE NEW FRONTIERS

1982

2010-2030

2040-2060

2070-2090

GLOBAL WARMING AND THE MELTING OF THE ARCTIC ICE

1982

2010-2030

1982

2010-2030

2040-2060

2070-2090

2040-2060

1982

2010-2030

2040-2060

2070-2090

2070-2090

1982

2010-2030

2040-2060

2070-2090

ARCTIC NEXT FRONTIER

ARCTIC NEXT FRONTIER

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

UNCLAIMED LAND

DISPUTED LAND / CLAIMS(Beaufort Sea, Northwest Passage,)

USA

CANADA

DENMARK

ICELAND

NORWAY

SOURCE:MaritimejurisdictionandterritorialdelimitationsoftheArticOcean(IBRU/IBCAQ)

RESOURCES

OIL (13% of worlds undiscovered oil)GAS (30% of world undiscovered gas)MINERAL FISHING

PROSPECTIVE RESERVES

OIL PRODUCTION

GAS PRODUCTION

MINING SITE

RESOURCES

NEW TRADE ROUTES

NEW TRADE ROUTES

Strait Claim for internationalnavigation

40% Shorter Shipping Route

MILITARY _ NATIONAL SECURITY